#!/usr/local/bin/perl use strict; # example of methods for referencing hash elements # another way to initialize a hash # here we create a reference to an anonymous hash my $hash_ref = { a => 1, b => 2, c => 3 }; print "\${\$hash_ref}{c} = " . ${$hash_ref}{c} . "\n\n"; print "\$hash_ref->{c} = " . $hash_ref->{c} . "\n\n"; # dereference the hash_ref my %dereference_hash = %{$hash_ref}; print "\%dereference_hash = \%{\$hash_ref}\n"; print "\$dereference_hash{c} = " . $dereference_hash{c} . "\n"; # OUTPUT # ${$hash_ref}{c} = 3 # # $hash_ref->{c} = 3 # # %dereference_hash = %{$hash_ref} # $dereference_hash{c} = 3