Neg Big List 12-04 Alabama 21 Alabama BP Neg 21 Alabama BP 22 Alabama BP 23 Alabama BP Pre Shirley 23 Alabama PL Jack Parker & William Landau @ GSU 25 Alabama LP - Negative vs. Liberty IPR – GSU Round 2 (Tim) 25 Alabama VM neg 26 Alabama VM Melissa Van Kirk & Mallory Morgan @ GSU 27 Appalachian State 28 Appalachian State BM @ GSU 28 Appalachian State MR (Evan Miles & Jonathan Russell) @ Richmond 28 Army 30 U.S. Military Academy CS (Suliman & Crow) @ Liberty 30 Military Academy DM (Camilla Dulys-Nusbaum & Renee Marren) @ Liberty 30 U.S. Military Academy HJ (Hammett & Jost) @ Liberty 30 U.S. Military Academy HK (Horowitz & Keyes) @ Liberty 31 Military Academy KZ (Matt Kalin & Klye Zeck) @ Liberty 31 U.S. Military Academy LP (Linford & Pan) @ Liberty 32 U.S. Military Academy TQ (Qirjazi & Thompson) @ Liberty 32 Augustana 33 Augustana BS neg 33 Augie BS vs. Affirmative Team: MO State JW @ UNI 33 Augustana HF neg 34 Baptist Bible College 36 Baptist Bible College MV @ Missouri State 36 Bard 37 Bard CF Neg 37 Bard CF 37 Bard CF Pre Shirley 39 Bard NS Neg 40 Bard NS Pre Shirley 41 Baylor 42 Baylor CM @ Missouri State 42 Baylor CM Negative @ UNI 44 Baylor JL @ Missouri State 44 Baylor LO 46 Baylor LO 46 Baylor LO Pre Shirley 47 Baylor RT Neg 47 Baylor RT Neg 48 Baylor RT Pre Shirley 48 Binghamton 49 Binghamton MN (Mabutas & Ni) @ Liberty 49 Binghamton GM (Jake Gartman & Matt Malia) @ Richmond 49 Binghamton LW (Dan Weiser & Jeremy Levine) @ Richmond 51 Binghamton OS (Erica Shapiro & Tamara Osdoby) @ Liberty 51 Boston College 53 Boston College BC Neg 53 Boston College BC 53 Boston College BC 54 Boston College BC Pre Shirley 54 Boston College BC 56 Boston College BC @ GSU 57 Boston College CS Neg 57 Boston College CS Neg 58 Boston College CS Neg 61 Boston College CS Neg 64 Boston College CS (Chung & Sullivan) @ Liberty 64 BC CS Neg IPR @ GSU 65 BC CS neg 67 Cal Berkeley 68 Cal Berkeley All Pre Shirley 68 Berkeley BW Neg 79 Berkeley BW Neg 80 Berkeley BW Neg 84 Berkeley BW 86 Berkeley BW Neg 87 Cal Berkeley BW @ Gonz 92 Cal Berkeley BW @ Gonz 92 UC Berkeley GR Neg 93 Cal Berkely GR Neg 93 Berkley GR 93 Cal Berkeley GR @ Gonz 94 Cal Berkeley GR @ Gonz 94 Cal Berkeley GrRe @ Gonz 95 Cal Berkeley GrRe @ Gonz 95 Berkeley LS Neg 95 Berkeley LS Neg 96 Cal Berkeley LS Neg 96 Cal Berkeley LS Neg 97 Berkeley LS Neg 99 Cal Berkeley LS @ Gonz 99 Cal Berkeley LS @ Gonz 100 Case Western 101 Case Western DD neg 101 Case Western DDNeg 101 Case Western DD Neg 104 Case Western DD Neg 105 Case Western DD Pre Shirley 106 Case Western NP (Karim Noujain & Adam Probst) @ Richmond 106 Case RP 108 Case RP 109 Case Western RP Neg 109 Case Western RP Pre Shirley 111 Catholic 112 Catholic All Pre Shirley 112 Catholic HJ@ Richmond 113 Catholic HK Neg 113 Catholic HK neg 114 Catholic HK 114 Catholic University HK (Koehl & Huntington) @ Liberty 115 Catholic University JS (Shoupe & Jackson) @ Liberty 115 Catholic PS Neg 116 Catholic PS Neg 116 Catholic PS Neg 116 Central Oklahoma 118 Central Oklahoma BC @ GSU 118 UCO DS Neg 118 Central Oklahoma DS 119 UCO DS @ Missouri State 119 UCO FS @ Missouri State 120 UCO HL @ Missouri State 121 UCO HW @ Missouri State 121 Clarion 122 Clarion University AD (Ryan Adamiak & David Durney) @ Richmond 122 Clarion Dz Neg 122 Clarion DZ Neg 123 Clarion DZ Neg 123 Clarion DZ Neg 124 Clarion DZ 125 Clarion DZ Pre Shirley 125 Clarion University GT (Matt Tenney & Alissa Graffius) @ Richmond 128 Clarion HN Neg 128 Clarion NH neg 129 Clarion NH Neg 130 Clarion HN Pre Shirley 131 Clarion HN 134 Clarion University NZ (Jessica Zezulewicz & Rob Noerr) @ Richmond 134 Clarion RT 134 Concordia 137 Concordia ES 137 Concordia ES Neg 138 Concordia ES Neg 138 Concordia FF 138 Concordia FF Neg 139 Concordia FF neg 140 Concordia FF 141 Concordia FF 143 Concordia FF Pre Shirley 145 CONCORDIA FF Negative@ UNI 147 Cornell 148 Cornell MT Neg 148 Cornell MT Neg 148 Cornell MT 149 Cornell MT neg 150 Cornell MT Pre Shirley 150 CSU Fullerton 153 Fullerton/Santa cruz IK neg 153 CSU Fullerton/Santa cruz IK neg 155 CSU Fullerton HP @ Gonz 156 CSU Fullerton HP @ Gonz 156 CSU Fullerton MM @ GSU 156 CSU Fullerton MM @ Gonz 157 CSU Fullerton MM @ Gonz 157 CSU Fullerton PM Neg 158 CSU-Fullerton PM Neg 158 CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonz 158 CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonz 159 CSU Northridge 160 CSU Northridge CL @ Gonz 160 CSU Northridge CL @ Gonz 160 Dartmouth 162 Dartmouth BM Neg 162 Dartmouth BM Neg 165 Dartmouth BM Neg 166 Dartmouth BM Neg 167 Dartmouth BM Pre Shirley 168 Dartmouth BM neg 173 Dartmouth BM@ GSU 174 Dartmouth CK neg 178 Dart CS Neg 179 Dartmouth CS Neg 180 Dartmouth CS 181 Dartmouth CS Pre Shirley 189 DARTMOUTH CS NEG VS EMORY CL @ GSU 191 DARTMOUTH CS T VS MSU BH @ GSU 194 Dartmouth CS @ GSU 194 Dartmouth KO Neg 195 Dartmouth KO 195 Dartmouth KO Pre Shirley 197 Dartmouth KO neg 201 Dartmouth KO neg 204 Dartmouth KO 205 Denver 206 Denver All Pre Shirley 206 Denver EM Neg 208 Denver EM Neg 209 Denver EM Neg 209 Denver SW Neg 209 Denver SW 210 Denver SW @ GSU 211 Eastern New Mexico 213 Eastern New Mexico University HW 213 Eastern New Mexico University HW Neg 213 Eastern new mexico HW Neg 213 Eastern New Mexico HW Neg 214 Eastern New Mexico HW Pre Shirley 215 Eastern New Mexico Negative @ Wichita 215 Emory 218 Emory AM – Negative vs. GW LW (blockade China) – Round 3 – GSU (Tim) 218 Emory AM @ GSU 218 Emory BI @ GSU 218 Emory CL Neg 219 Emory CL Neg 220 Emory CL Neg 222 Emory CL Pre Shirley 224 Emory CL neg 227 Emory CL neg 227 EMORY CL NEG VS NU BC @ GSU 228 Emory CL neg 229 Emory CL @ GSU 232 Emory CL @ GSU 235 Emory CS @ GSU 239 Emory FF 239 Emory FF @ GSU 239 Emory GD@ Richmond 240 Emory GP Neg 240 Emory GP Neg 243 Emory GP Neg 244 Emory GP 244 Emory GP Neg 245 Emory GP Pre Shirley 246 Emory HH Neg 251 Emory HH neg 253 Emory HH 256 Emory HH Pre Shirley 257 Emory HH @ GSU 260 Emory HL 260 Emory HL @ GSU 261 Emory HS (Christina Hagan & Vickie Stipick) @ Richmond 261 Emory HS @ GSU 262 Emory MP 262 Emory MP 263 Emory MP @ GSU 265 Emory MR @ GSU 265 Emory MS 266 Emory MS (Chapman Matis & Sally Strothers) @ Richmond 268 Emory MS 268 Emory MS 269 Emory MS @ GSU 271 Emory SuSt @ GSU 276 Emory StaSuh @ GSU 276 Emory SS Neg 277 Emory SS 278 Emory SS Neg 278 Emory SS Pre Shirley 279 Emory SunSch @ GSU 281 Emory TG @ GSU 282 Emporia 283 EMPORIA CR vs. Missouri State (MTCR) @ UNI 283 Emporia State DN @ Missouri State 283 EMPORIA JM NEG @ Wichita 284 Emporia State MR Neg. 286 Emporia State MR Neg 288 Emporia State MR Neg 288 Emporia MR 289 Emporia State MR Neg 290 Emporia MR Pre Shirley 291 Emporia State TW @ Missouri State 292 Florida 295 Florida BC neg 295 Florida BC 296 Florida BC Pre Shirley 296 Florida BC @ GSU 298 Florida LS @ GSU 300 Florida WW @ GSU 300 Florida State 301 Florida State LS 301 Florida State LS 301 Florida State LS 301 Florida State LS Pre Shirley 302 Florida State MR @ GSU 302 Florida State RR Neg 302 Florida State RR 303 Florida State RR Neg 305 Florida State RR 305 Florida State RR Pre Shirley 306 Fort Hays 307 Fort Hays CM 307 Fort Hays CM Neg 307 Fort Hayes cm 307 Fort Hayes CM neg 308 Fort Hays CR Neg 310 Fresno City 311 Fresno City College BY @ Gonz 311 Fresno City College BY @ Gonz 311 George Mason 312 George Mason All Pre Shirley 312 George Mason CR (Nicole Clagett & Linda Rosen) @ Liberty 315 George Mason GH (Salman Haider & Zack Golden) @ Liberty 315 George Mason FM Neg 315 George Mason FM Neg 316 George Mason FM Neg 316 George Mason GW Neg 316 George Mason GW @ Richmond 317 George Mason University GW (Grimm & Wagner) @ Liberty 318 George Mason KK (Preston Kussman & Robin Kirkman) @ Liberty 318 Georgetown 319 Georgetown BG Neg 319 Georgetown BG Neg 319 Georgetown BG Pre Shirley 321 Georgetown MO Neg 323 Georgetown MO Neg 323 George Washington 325 George Washington All Pre Shirley 325 George Washington FK 326 George Washington FK Neg 327 George Washington FK 327 George Washington FK (Emma Kelly & Richard Fowler) @ Richmond 327 George Washington LW Neg 328 George Washington LW Neg 328 George Washington LW Neg 329 George Washington LW 331 George Washington LW 332 George Washington LW @ GSU 334 Georgia 336 Georgia BS (Bhatt & Schmidt) @ Liberty 336 Georgia CM Neg 336 Georgia CM Neg 338 Georgia CM Neg 338 Georgia CM Pre Shirley 339 Georgia CM @ GSU 340 Georgia CR Neg 342 Georgia CR Neg 343 Georgia CR Neg 343 Georgia CR Neg 344 Georgia CR Pre Shirley 345 Georgia CR 345 Georgia CR @ GSU 346 Georgia DD – Negative vs. Florida (Taiwan Aff) GSU – Round 5 (Tim) @ Gsu 347 UGA DM Neg 348 Georgia DM Neg 349 Georgia DM Pre Shirley 350 Georgia DM 351 Georgia DS neg 354 Georgia GS @ GSU 355 Georgia State 356 Georgia State AS Neg 356 Georgia State AS Neg 356 Georgia State AS Pre Shirley 356 GSU FL 357 GSU FL Neg 357 GSU FL 357 Georgia State FL Pre Shirley 358 Georgia State FL neg 362 Georgia State FL @ Gonz 365 Georgia State FL @ Gonz 365 Georgia State ?? @ GSU 366 Georgia State SW @ Gonz 366 Georgia State SW @ Gonz 367 Gonzaga 368 Gonzaga BH Neg 368 Gonzaga BH 368 Gonzaga BH 369 Gonzaga BH Neg 369 Gonzaga BH @ Gonz 370 Gonzaga BH @ Gonz 370 Gonzaga DW 371 Gonzaga DW Neg 372 Gonzaga DW 373 Gonzaga DW Negative 373 Gonzaga DW Pre Shirley 374 Gonzaga DW @ Gonz 379 Gonzaga DW @ Gonz 381 Harvard 385 Harvard AR Neg 385 Harvard AR Neg 390 Harvard AR 391 Harvard AR Pre Shirley 395 Harvard AR neg 395 Harvard AR 396 Harvard KM Neg 397 Harvard KM Neg 399 Harvard KM Pre Shirley 403 Harvard KM neg 407 HARVARD KM NEG VS WAKE CH @ GSU 408 Harvard KM neg 411 Harvard KM neg 411 HARVARD KM CONSULT JAPAN @ GSU 413 HARVARD HUMAN RIGHTS 1NC @ GSU 414 Harvard KM Neg Missouri State MW GSU Rd 2 – 416 Harvard KM @ GSU 418 Harvard KP neg 418 Harvard KP @ GSU 420 Harvard LD 420 Harvard LD @ GSU 421 Harvard LD @ GSU 422 Harvard MP neg 423 Harvard MP 424 Harvard MP Pre Shirley 425 Idaho State 426 Idaho State BK Neg 426 Idaho State BK Neg 428 Idaho State BK Pre Shirley 428 Idaho State BK@ Gonz 429 Idaho State BK@ Gonz 429 Idaho State DY Neg 429 Idaho State DY neg 432 Idaho State DY 432 Idaho State DY Pre Shirley 433 Idaho State DY @ Gonz 439 Idaho State DY @ Gonz 440 Idaho State FR @ Gonz 440 Idaho State FR @ Gonz 440 Iowa 442 Iowa All Pre Shirley 442 Iowa KB @ GSU 442 Iowa LS Neg 443 Iowa LS Neg 445 Iowa LS 448 Iowa LS @ Ky RR 449 Iowa LS @ GSU 451 Iowa PR neg 454 Iowa PR 454 Iowa PR Neg 455 Iowa PR Neg 456 Iowa PR @ GSU 456 James Madison 457 James Madison All Pre Shirley 457 James Madison GY Neg 457 James Madison GY (Gonzales-Black & Yarbrough) @ Liberty 459 James Madison LG neg 460 James Madison LG Neg 460 James Madison LM (Evan Levy & Mary Mosely) @ Richmond 461 James Madison LP (Sean Lowry & Tiffany Pryce) @ Richmond 462 John Carroll 463 John Carroll FG Pre Shirley 463 John Carroll GF (Forchione & Gayetsky) @ Liberty 464 John Carroll GF @ GSU 464 John Carroll MS (Chris Schroeder & Sean McClure) @ Liberty 464 Johnson County 465 Johnson County BP @ Missouri State 465 Kansas 466 KANSAS NEG @ Wichita 466 Kansas ?? Neg vs. Miami Aff@ UNI 468 Kansas BL Neg 470 Kansas BL Neg 471 Kansas BL Neg 473 Kansas BL Neg 474 Kansas BL Pre Shirley 476 Kansas BL vs. Concordia@ UNI 476 Kansas BL @ GSU 477 Kansas CJ Neg 477 Kansas CJ Neg 479 Kansas CJ Neg 480 Kansas CJ Pre Shirley 483 Kansas CJ @ GSU 485 Kansas JW Pre Shirley 486 Kansas KP @ Missouri State 487 Kansas ST @ Missouri State 490 Kansas State 492 Kansas State AF @ Missouri State 492 Kansas State ER @ Missouri State 492 Kansas State LL @ Missouri State 493 Kansas State RS @ Missouri State 494 Kansas State SZ Neg 494 Kansas State SZ Neg 496 Kansas State SZ Pre Shirley 496 K-STATE NEG (against UMKC orientalism) @ Wichita 498 KCKCC 500 KCKCC BL @ Missouri State 500 KANSAS CITY KANSAS CC NEGATIVE @ Wichita 503 KCKCC CL @ Missouri State 503 KCKCC CM @ Missouri State 504 KCKCC MT @ Missouri State 505 Kentucky 506 Kentucky GG 506 Kentucky GG Neg 506 Kentucky GG 507 Kentucky GG Pre Shirley 507 Kentucky GG @ GSU 508 Kentucky JT neg 508 Kentucky JT @ GSU 509 Kentucky JT neg 512 Kentucky SJ Neg 513 Kentucky SJ 514 Kentucky SJ Neg 514 Kentucky SJ Neg 518 Kentucky SJ Neg 520 Kentucky SJ Pre Shirley 521 Kings 523 Kings College AD (Mitch Arnold & Joe Deegan) @ Liberty 523 LACC 524 LACC MM 524 LACC MM 524 LACC MM Neg 525 LACC MM Neg 525 LACC MM neg 526 LACC MM Pre Shirley 526 Liberty 527 Liberty BB 527 Liberty BH (Bond & Hovis) @ Liberty 528 Liberty BM neg 528 Liberty BM 528 Liberty University BM (Tabetha Bryant & Nate Milton) @ Richmond 530 Liberty University BU (Cole Bender & Donald Ussery) @ Richmond 530 Liberty CK Neg 531 Liberty CK 532 Liberty CK Pre Shirley 532 Liberty University DH (Spencer Drake & Garrett Halydier) @ Richmond 534 Liberty DH 534 Liberty University EJ (Julie Erb & Luke Jarmin) @ Richmond 535 Liberty HH Neg 536 Liberty HH Neg 537 Liberty HH Neg 539 Liberty HH Neg 543 Liberty HH Neg 545 Liberty HH @ GSU 546 Liberty University HO (Michelle Oh & Daniel Hu) @ Richmond 547 Liberty HP @ Liberty 548 Liberty University HT (Jenni Thurman & Erica Heerschap) @ Richmond 548 Liberty University HW (Ashley Weyand & Tiffany Herring) @ Richmond 549 Liberty HW@ Liberty@ Liberty 550 Liberty MM @ Liberty 550 Liberty University MO (Chase McCool & Zach Olson) @ Richmond 550 Long Beach 552 Long Beach FL @ Gonz 552 Long Beach FL @ Gonz 552 Louisville 553 Louisville all Pre Shirley 553 Louisville BG neg 553 Louisville BG 553 Louisville BG @ GSU 553 Louisville CM 554 Louisville CM neg 555 Macalester 556 Macalester HW Neg 556 Macalester HW neg 556 Macalester HW Pre Shirley 556 Marist 558 Marist AK Neg. 558 Marist AK 558 Marist AK Pre Shirley 559 Mary Washington 561 Mary Washington All Pre Shirley 561 Mary Washington BO (Bond & Ogburn) @ Liberty 574 Mary Washington BO @ GSU 577 Mary Washington (Univ of) BS (Scott Berry & Matt Struth) @ Richmond 577 Mary Washington BS @ GSU 578 Mary Washington CS (Collins & Struth) @ Liberty 578 Mary Washington CV @ GSU 581 UMW CV negative Round 5 vs. Oklahoma State at GSU 582 Mary Washington LM (Brian Leon & Katie Mason) @ Liberty 582 Mary Washington (Univ of) LM (Kate Leboeuf & Jason Martin) @ Richmond 584 Mary Washington LM @ GSU 585 Mary Washington (Univ of) RS (Jennifer Rollman & Cory Struble) @ Richmond 586 Mary Washington RS 587 Mary Washington RS (Rollman & Struble) @ Liberty 588 Mary Washington RS @ GSU 588 Mary Washington JW @ GSU 588 MWC JV v West Georgia DS @ GSU 589 Mary Washington WL 589 Mary Washington (Univ of) RW (Nick Ryan & Clint Woods) @ Richmond 591 Mary Washington RW @ GSU 592 Mary Washington SV (Simeone & Voglewede) @ Liberty 593 Mary Washington WJ Neg. 593 UMW WJ 593 Mary Washington WJ Neg 594 Mary Washington WS 595 Mary Washington WS 595 Mary Washington WS Neg 597 Mary Washington WS Neg 597 Mary Washington WT Neg 598 Mercer 601 Mercer SW neg 601 Mercer SW @ GSU 601 Mercer EP @ GSU 602 Miami Florida 603 Miami (Florida) GY @ GSU 603 Miami (Florida) ST @ GSU 603 Miami Ohio 604 Miami Ohio All Pre Shirley 604 Miami GV Neg 606 Miami GV 606 Miami GV (Neg) vs. MO State MoWh (Aff) @ UNI 606 Miami (Ohio) JR @ GSU 609 Miami Ohio MW Neg 609 Miami MW 612 Miami (Ohio) MY @ GSU 613 Michigan 615 Michigan FK Neg 615 Michigan FK Neg 615 Michigan FK 617 Michigan FK 618 Michigan FK Pre Shirley 619 Michigan FK Negative 624 Michigan FK neg 625 Michigan University FK @ GSU 626 Michigan JV Neg 627 Michigan JV Neg 628 Michigan JV Neg 628 Michigan JV Neg 629 Michigan JV Pre Shirley 633 Michigan JV neg vs. Capital RS @ UNI 637 Michigan University JV @ GSU 638 Michigan Dearborn 639 Michigan-Dearborn SF 639 Michigan Dearborn SF Neg 639 Michigan Dearborn SF Neg 639 Michigan-Dearborn SF Neg 640 Michigan Dearborn SF Pre Shirley 640 Michigan State 641 Michigan State All Pre Shirley 641 Michigan State AR Neg 659 MSU AR 660 MSU AR 661 MSU AR neg 661 MSU AR neg 662 Michigan State Univ. AR @ GSU 662 MSU BH Neg 663 MSU BH Neg 665 MSU BH Neg 668 MSU BH Neg 669 Michigan State BH Neg 672 MSU BH (NEG) 675 MSU BH @ Ky 676 Michigan State Univ. BH @ GSU 677 MSU BH NEG VS NU BrCh 677 MSU BH NEG VS KANSAS CJ 681 MSU 1NC VS WAKE PP (INTERNET) 685 MSU BH 2NR Strategy – vs Harvard DL Terror Talk Aff 689 Michigan State Univ. BH @ GSU 689 Michigan State Univ. BR @ GSU 689 MSU DT Neg 690 Michigan State DT Neg 691 Michigan State DT neg 693 Michigan State Univ. DT @ GSU 693 MSU HS neg 694 Michigan State LR Neg 696 MSU LR Neg 696 MSU LR 697 Michigan State Univ. LR @ GSU 698 Missouri 701 Mizzou PT @ Missouri State 701 Missouri State 703 Missouri State ?? Neg 703 Missouri State CK @ Missouri State 705 Missouri State BM Neg 706 Missouri State BM Neg 709 Missouri State BM Neg 709 Missouri State BM 710 Missouri State BM Neg 710 Missouri State BR (Neg) vs. Wayne State BR (Aff) @ UNI 712 Missouri State JW Neg 714 Missouri State JW Neg 715 Missouri St JW 715 Missouri State JW 716 Missouri State JW @ GSU 717 Missouri State JW 719 Missouri State JW neg 719 Missouri State KO Neg 721 Missouri State KO Neg 724 Missouri State KO Pre Shirley 724 Missouri State KO @ GSU 724 Missouri State MW Pre Shirley 725 Missouri State MW @ GSU 726 Missouri State MW Neg 729 Missouri State MW Neg 729 Missouri State MW Neg 730 Missouri State MW Neg 730 Missouri State MW Neg 731 Missouri State PT @ Missouri State 733 Navy 734 Navy FS 734 Navy FS Neg 734 Navy FS Pre Shirley 735 Northern Iowa 736 Northern Iowa BL @ Missouri State 736 Northern Iowa HM @ Missouri State 737 Northern Iowa PR 738 Northern Illinois 740 NIU PW vs. Affirmative Team: Missouri State KO @ UNI 740 North Texas 741 North Texas Negative @ Wichita 741 North Texas AP Neg 743 North Texas AP Neg 743 North Texas AP Pre Shirley 744 UNT CS 747 UNT CS 748 North Texas CS 748 North Texas CS Pre Shirley 750 North Texas CS @ Gonz 751 North Texas CS @ Gonz 751 North Texas CS @ Gonz 753 Northwestern 754 NU BrCh Neg 754 Northwestern BrCh Neg 756 Northwestern BrCh Neg 757 Northwestern BrCh neg 757 Northwestern BrCh Pre Shirley 759 NORTHWESTERN T NEG VS WAKE 762 NORTHWESTERN BrCh NEG VS EMORY CL (K) 762 NORTHWESTERN BrCh – 1NC VS CURRENCY (MSU) 764 NORTHWESTERN BrCh – US ECONOMY DISAD 766 Northwestern BrCh neg 768 Northwestern BrCh neg 768 Northwestern BrCH neg 769 Northwestern BraChe @ GSU 770 Northwestern BrCr Neg 771 Northwestern BrCr Neg 772 Northwestern BrCr Neg 773 Northwestern BrCr Neg 774 Northwestern BrCr Pre Shirley 775 Northwestern BrCr neg 781 Northwestern BrCr neg 781 Northwestern BM @ GSU 782 Northwestern BW 783 Nu BW 785 Northwestern BW neg 786 Northwestern BW Neg 787 Northwestern BW Pre Shirley 789 Northwestern BW neg 791 Northwestern BW neg 794 Northwestern BW @ GSU 795 Northwestern CT @ GSU 797 Northwestern DD 797 Northwestern DD Neg 798 Northwestern DD negative 799 Northwestern DD Neg 801 Northwestern DD Pre Shirley 802 Northwestern DD neg 804 Northwestern DD GSU Round 1 806 Northwestern DD @ GSU 807 Northwestern HB @ GSU 809 Northwestern HS neg 809 Northwestern HS neg 810 Northwestern HS neg 811 Northwestern HS neg 812 NYU 813 New York Univ. BP (Whitney Brown & Timothy Pimble) @ Richmond 813 Oklahoma 814 Oklahoma CJ 814 Oklahoma CJ Neg 814 Oklahoma CJ Neg 814 Oklahoma CJ 816 Oklahoma CJ neg 817 Oklahoma CJ Pre Shirley 817 Oklahoma DH @ Missouri State 818 Oklahoma JC @ GSU 818 Oklahoma MT @ Missouri State 818 Oklahoma SS @ Missouri State 819 Oregon 820 Oregon PS 820 Oregon PS Neg 820 Oregon PS 821 Oregon PS 821 Oregon PS 822 Oregon PS neg 822 Oregon ST @ GSU 823 Piedmont 825 Piedmont HW @ GSU 825 Piedmont MM @ GSU 825 Pepperdine 826 Pepperdine SW Neg 826 Pepperdine SW Neg 826 Pepperdine SW Pre Shirley 826 Pepperdine SW @ Gonz 830 Pepperdine SW @ Gonz 830 Pittsburgh 833 Pittsburgh FW Neg 833 Pittsburgh FW Neg 833 Pitt FW 834 Pittsburgh FW Pre Shirley 834 Pittsburgh FW (Melina Forte & David Weston) @ Richmond 836 Pitt GR neg 836 Pittsburgh GR G9uy Risko & Lissa Geiger) @ Richmond 837 Pittsburgh GR (Geiger & Risko) @ Liberty 837 Pittsburgh HW Neg 838 Pitt HW 838 Pittsburg HW 839 Pitt HW 845 Pittsburgh HW (Kristen Wlazelek & Cameron Hatzel-Treat) @ Richmond 846 Pittsburgh KM (Karlovic & Maldonado) @ Liberty 847 Puget Sound 848 Puget Sound BH @ Gonz 848 Puget Sound BH @ Gonz 848 Puget Sound CS Neg 848 Puget Sound CS Pre Shirley 849 Puget Sound CS @ Gonz 850 Puget Sound CS @ Gonz 851 Puget Sound JV @ Gonz 851 Puget Sound JV @ Gonz 851 Puget Sound MW @ Gonz 851 Puget Sound MW @ Gonz 852 Redlands 853 Redlands HW 853 Redlands HW Pre Shirley 853 Redlands HW @ Gonz 854 Redlands HW @ Gonz 854 Redlands SZ Neg 855 Redlands SZ Neg 855 Redlands SZ Neg 856 Redlands SZ Pre Shirley 857 Redlands SZ @ Gonz 858 Redlands SZ @ Gonz 858 Richmond 859 Richmond (Univ. of R) Andrea Adams & John Calhoun @ Richmond 859 Richmond AD (Andrea Adams & Jenn Donohue) @ Liberty 859 Richmond BC 859 Richmond BC Neg 859 Richmond (Univ. of R) BC (Matt Bodnar & Joe Chicvak) @ Richmond 860 Richmond BC (Bodnar & Chicvak) @ Liberty 860 Richmond (Univ. of R) Chris Florio & Paul Negrin@ Richmond 861 Richmond CS @ GSU 861 Richmond (Univ. of R) DS (Rada Dogandjieva & Brett Smith) @ Richmond 862 Richmond DS (Dogandjieva & Smith) @ Liberty 863 Richmond (Univ. of R) HS (Flemming Schneider & Lee Hoyle) @ Richmond 863 Richmond (Univ. of R) LW (Liz Lauzon & JJ Ward) @ Richmond 864 Richmond LW neg 864 Richmond (Univ. of R) MM (Zak Miller & Harlan Michelle) @ Richmond 865 Richmond MM (Michele & Miller) @ Liberty 866 Richmond (Univ. of R) MR (Andrew Ryan & David Marquardt) @ Richmond 866 Richmond MW (Lee Wells & Kate Mellinger) @ Liberty 866 Richmond MS (Schneider & Marquardt) @ Liberty 867 Richmond SS Neg 868 Richmond SS Neg 868 Richmond SS Pre Shirley 868 Richmond SS 870 Richmond SS 871 Richmond SS @ GSU 872 Richmond SS @ Gonz 873 Richmond SS @ Gonz 874 Rochester 875 Rochester KN Neg 875 Rochester KN Neg 875 Rochester KN Pre Shirley 875 Rochester LW 877 Rochester LW Pre Shirley 878 Samford 880 Samford AW Neg 880 Samford AW 880 Samford AW 881 Samford AW Pre Shirley 881 Samford BS Neg 884 Samford BS 885 Samford BS Neg 886 Samford BS 886 Samford MR Neg 888 Samford BS Pre Shirley 889 Samford MR 890 Samford MR neg 892 Samford MR Neg 893 Samford MR 894 Samford MR Pre Shirley 895 Samford MR 897 Samford MR @ GSU 898 San Francisco State 899 San Francisco State MN @ Gonz 899 San Francisco State MN @ Gonz 899 Southern California 901 Southern California All Pre-Shirley 901 USC BI Neg 909 Southern California BI Neg 909 Southern California BI @ Gonz 911 Southern California BI @ Gonz 913 Southern California FV @ Gonz 913 Southern California FV @ Gonz 914 USC JS Neg 914 Southern California JS @ Gonz 915 Southern California JS @ Gonz 917 USC LN 917 Southern California LN neg 918 Southern Cal LN Neg 920 Southern California LN @ Gonz 922 Southern California LN @ Gonz 922 Stanford 923 Stanford LL Neg 923 Stanford LL Pre-Shirley 924 Stanford LM Neg 925 Stanford LM Neg 925 Stanford LM Pre Shirley 925 Texas Austin 927 TEXAS NEGATIVE @ Wichita 927 Texas DJ Neg 930 Texas DJ Neg 930 Texas DJ Neg 931 Texas DJ Ben Durham and Reid Jones Pre Shirley 931 TEXAS DT 932 Texas DT Pre Shirley 933 Texas (Austin) SS @ Gonz 934 Texas (Austin) SS @ Gonz 935 Texas Dallas 936 UT Dallas All Teams Pre Shirley 936 Texas Dallas Neg (against emporia) @ Wichita 943 UT Dallas Negative @ UNI 945 UT Dallas AL Neg 945 UTD AL Neg 945 UT Dallas AL Neg 946 UTD AL neg 946 Texas-Dallas CS Neg 947 UTD CS 948 Texas Dallas CS Neg 949 Texas-Dallas CS 949 UT Dallas CS Neg 952 Texas San Antonio 953 UTSA AP @ Missouri State 953 UTSA RR @ Missouri State 953 Towson 954 Towson AW (Avery & Wheeler) @ Liberty 954 Towson AB (Evelin Andrespok & Tom Bako) @ Liberty 954 Towson BP (Iman Brickus & Normunds Pelnens) @ Richmond 954 Towson BP (Brickus & Pelnens) @ Liberty 955 Towson DL Neg 955 Tawson DL - 956 Towson DL neg 958 Towson DL Pre Shirley 958 Towson DL (Love & Diggs) @ Liberty 959 Towson HS neg 959 Towson HS 959 Towson HS Pre Shirley 960 Towson HS (Hostinar & Subotic) @ Liberty 960 Trinity 961 Trinity All Pre Shirley 961 Trinity University BR (Nick Burr & Michael Ritter) @ Richmond 962 Trinity ML Neg. 962 Trinity ML 963 Trinity ML 964 Trinity ML Neg 965 UMKC 966 UMKC DS @ Missouri State 966 UMKC FR Neg 967 UMKC FR 967 UMKC FR Neg 968 UMKC FR Neg 969 UMKC FR Neg 969 UMKC FR Pre Shirley 970 UMKC FR Negative vs. Affirmative Team: Oklahoma JL @ UNI 971 UMKC GR @ Missouri State 971 UMKC HM @ Missouri State 972 UMKC HS @ Missouri State 973 UMKC HW @ Missouri State 973 UMKC RS @ Missouri State 976 Vanderbilt 977 Vanderbilt RR @ GSU 977 Vermont 978 Vermont HL Neg 978 Vermont HL Pre Shirley 978 Vermont HK 983 Vermont HK Neg 984 Vermont HK Pre Shirley 984 Wake Forest 990 Wake CH @ Ky RR 990 WAKE FOREST CH NEG VS NU BC @ GSU 991 Wake Forest CH @ GSU 994 WAKE CP VS DARTMOUTH TAIWAN Neg 997 Wake Forest CP @ GSU 998 Wake Forest GL 999 Wake Forest GS @ GSU 999 Wake Forest HS (O.D. Hobeika & Lauren Sabino) @ Richmond 999 Wake Forest HS @ GSU 1001 Wake Forest KP @ GSU 1001 Wake Forest IT (Isinhue & Tedrow) @ Liberty 1002 Wake Forest IN @ GSU 1003 Wake Forest IZ (Matt Irvine & Kurt Zemlicka) @ Richmond 1003 Wake Forest IZ @ GSU 1005 Wake Forest MR (Morris & Ridley) @ Liberty 1007 Wake Forest MR @ GSU 1007 Wake Forest MR @ GSU 1008 Wake Forest OR (Mike Ochoa & Claire Reifsnyder) @ Richmond 1009 Wake Forest OR @ GSU 1010 Wake Forest OR @ GSU 1010 Wayne State 1012 Wayne BR NEG vs. Emporia State JM@ UNI 1012 WSU ET 1012 Wayne State ET neg 1013 Wayne State ET Pre Shirley 1013 Wayne ET @ UNI 1014 Wayne State FM Neg 1015 Wayne FM 1017 Wayne FM 1019 Wayne State FM Pre Shirley 1021 Wayne State FM @ GSU 1022 Wayne State KV @ GSU 1022 Wayne State MS 1022 Wayne State MS Neg 1023 Wayne State MS Pre Shirley 1023 Wayne St MS neg 1024 Wayne State MS (Neg) vs. UMKC FR (Aff.) @ UNI 1024 Wayne State NP (NEG) vs. Kansas KP (MTCR – Sanction Parent Companies) @ UNI 1026 Weber State 1029 Weber CD 1029 Weber CD 1029 Weber State CD 1030 Weber State CD Pre Shirley 1031 Weber State CD (Ryan Cheek & Aaron Dekeyzer) @ Richmond 1032 Weber State CD @ Gonz 1032 Weber State CD @ Gonz 1032 Weber State Univ. HO (Paige Huff & George Ortiz) @ Richmond 1033 Weber State OT @ Gonz 1033 Weber State OT @ Gonz 1033 West Georgia 1035 West Georgia DE Neg 1035 West Georgia DE 1037 West Georgia DE Pre Shirley 1037 West Georgia DS Neg v MWC JV Round 4 GSU 1038 West Georgia EG @ GSU 1038 West Georgia LM Neg 1039 West Georgia LM Neg 1039 West GA LM Neg 1040 West GA LM 1040 West Georgia LM Neg 1041 West Georgia LM neg 1044 West Georgia LM Neg 1045 West Georgia LM Pre Shirley 1048 Western Illinois 1049 Western Illinois HW Neg 1049 Western Illinois HW 1049 Western Illinois HW Pre Shirley 1050 Whitman 1053 Whitman All Pre Shirley 1053 Whitman College AH @ Gonz 1055 Whitman College AH @ Gonz 1055 Whitman BM Neg 1056 Whitman BM Neg 1057 Whitman BM Pre Shirley 1059 Whitman College BM @ Gonz 1062 Whitman College BM @ Gonz 1062 Whitman CM 1062 Whitman CM 1063 Whitman College CM @ Gonz 1065 Whitman College CM @ Gonz 1065 Whitman College GR @ Gonz 1065 Whitman College GR @ Gonz 1066 Whitman College KS @ Gonz 1067 Whitman College KS @ Gonz 1067 Whitman College RS @ Gonz 1067 Whitman College RS @ Gonz 1067 Whitman SS Neg 1070 Whitman SS 1071 Whitman SS Neg 1073 Whitman SS Neg 1074 Whitman SS 1077 Whitman SS @ Gonz 1078 Whitman College SS @ Gonz 1078 Whitman College SS @ Gonz 1080 Wichita 1081 WICHITA BL vs. CONCORDIA KK @ UNI 1081 Wichita State CS Neg 1081 Wichita CS 1082 Wichita CS Neg 1083 Wichita CS Pre Shirley 1084 Wichita State CS @ Missouri State 1086 Wichita State CS NEG vs. Kansas CJ (Airplanes) @ UNI 1088 Wyoming 1090 Wyoming CD Neg 1090 Wyoming CD 1092 Wyoming CD Neg 1093 Wyoming CD Pre Shirley 1095 Wyoming CD neg 1098 Wyoming CD @ GSU 1099 Wyoming CL Neg 1099 Wyoming CL neg 1100 Wyoming CL 1101 Wyoming CL Pre Shirley 1102 Wyoming CL @ GSU 1106 Wyoming GW @ Gonz 1107 Wyoming GW @ Gonz 1107 Wyoming PV @ Gonz 1108 Wyoming PV @ Gonz 1108 Wyoming JR @ GSU 1109 Wyoming JS Neg 1110 WYOMING JS 1110 Wyoming JS Pre Shirley 1114 zzUnknown 1119 Mystery ZZ 1119 DON’T KNOW WHO RAN IT, But we have neg args with cites…. So here you go@ UNI 1119 Alabama Alabama BP Neg Round7 Shirley Vs Team: Boston College BC Judge: Mika Case Args: WTO Advantage WTO Destroys free trade 1nc – Rockwell, 1-10-00, www.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/wto.html To get at the true AND when government butts out 2nc – Special interest controls the WTO – their agenda is always to curtail free trade Sheehan, July 1999, The Free Market, Vol 17, No. 7 According to the hoopla WTO causes economic collapse Paul, 5-17-05, www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul250.html Corporations have hijacked the WTO – it will not protect free trade principles Greider, 9-22-03, The Nation, online The process of trade liberalization AND developing-country governments Competitiveness IP protection destroys competition, innovation Clement, 2003, online, Reason Online Innovation, they argue AND says Boldrin Companies will patent ideas useful to their competitors and intentionally leave them idle to secure their own market share, locking in inferior products Rideau, accessed 2005, http://fare.tunes.org/articles/patents.html Even worse than the above AND using inferior techniques IPR amount to info protectionism – inefficiency results Rideau above In the presence of information protectionism AND at doing something productive Companies with patents that go out of business take with them unique tech – stifling innovation Rideau, above Ultimately, because of the above AND before an eternity Ideas are intangible possessions of whoever’s mind in which they reside. Not being alienable, transferable, or destructible, ideas fial to fulfill the necessary criteria for what constitutes property; classifying them as such instates intellectual slavery McElroy, 2003, online AIP advocates claimed that AND mind the idea resided 1NC – AT innovation Rideau, 2000 As for the technical advancement AND as many marginal innovations Kills innovation Rideau, 2000 There remains to determine AND first and second order Monopolization causes double loss Rideau The fact that the net global effect AND primary effect of patents The threat of being surpassed by competitors means companies always have an incentive to innovate – patents are unimportant motivators Mutualist.org, accessed 2005, http://mutualist.org/id74.html And patents are not necessary AND the figure was 100% Profits are substantial without patents Mercer, 3-29-01 Absent patent protection AND may be incentive enough AT innovation – no impact Konklin, july 1986, The Voluntarist, No. 20, http://members.aol.com/vIntryst/wn20.html Off Case Args: T – economic pressure Coercion K – caselist Biz Con Block Strategy: Everything 2nr Strategy: Coercion, case Alabama BP Round 1 Vs. aff: NU BrCh Judged by: Lancaster Case Args: Need util to solve extinction Sissela Bok 1988 Applied Ethical Theory p. 203 Moral obligations to future generations Saugstad 1994 Moral Responsibility to Future generations of People Util calcs inevitable- pure alt – sacrifice Heard 1997 “Human Rights and Chimeras in Sheeps Clothing” Disad Biz Con (same) Kritik Free Trade K- see casebook Economic Pressure K Spivak 2004 Boundary “Economic pressure is a system of calculated debt” Derrida 1994 Spectres of Marx- economic warfare is the US exceptionalist position of violence Baudrillard 1996 “Global debt and parallax universe” systems of symbolic debt are totally knowledge Alabama BP Round #1 Shirley Vs Team: Northwester BrCh Judge: Lancaster Case Args: Util key when extinct at hand Moral obligation to future generations Util inev Off Case Args: Topicality increase = preexisting Substantially = 50% Biz con Coercion State kritik State intervention devalues Value of bomg Block Strategy: Coercion Biz con Case ethics 2nr Strategy: coercion Alabama BP Pre Shirley Bizcon B. 1.Trade threats destroy the US economy and global free trade Peter K. Yu, Executive Director, Intellectual Property Law Program and Deputy Director @ Howard M. Squadrom Program in Law, Media & Society, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, October 2000, American University Law Review, 50 Am. U.L. Rev. 131 2. The plan decimates business confidence throughout the entire economy Robert P. O'Quinn, Policy Analyst for International Economics and Trade Asian Studies Center, 7/25/1997, The Heritage Foundation, “A User's Guide To Economic Sanctions,” http://www.heritage.org/Research/PoliticalPhilosophy/BG1126.cfm C. Recession results when business confidence declines John Braithwaite, Australian Research Council Federation fellow, Australian National University, and Chair of the Regulatory Institutions, Network, 3 / 2004, The Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science, 592 Annals 79, LN D. Global war results Walter Russell Meade, Senior Fellow For US Foreign Policy @ The Council on Foreign Relations, 1992, World Policy Institute E. Free trade prevents global war Lew Rockwell, President of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1/10/2000, “WTO Follies,” LewRockwell.com, http://www.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/wto.html XO Counterplan History demonstrates the inherent legality, broad applicability, and efficacy of XO’s Kenneth R. Mayer, Professor of political science @ Wisconsin, 2001, With the Stroke of a Pen: Executive Orders and Presidential Power, http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/s7095.html Precedent is the prime determinant of Executive authority – each instance vitally expands presidential power and facilitates future use Kenneth R. Mayer, Professor of political science @ Wisconsin, 2001, With the Stroke of a Pen: Executive Orders and Presidential Power, p. 56 Strong presidency is key to avoid terrorism, nuclear war, maintain US leadership, and deal effectively with trade and other economic problems Thomas Cronin, Professor of Political Science @ Whitman, Michael Genovese Professor of Political Science @ Loyola Marymount, 1998, The Paradoxes of the American Presidency, p. 203-204 Free Trade K A. Usurpation of Natural Rights – Suppressing free trade subordinates individual to the collectivist agenda of the state. Recognizing a moral duty to defend the free market is essential to stave off tyranny and the collapse of capitalism. Robert W. Tracinski, Editor of Intellectual Activist, Fellow @ Ayn Rand Insitute, 1998, The Moral Basis of Capitalism, The Center for the Advancement of Capitalism, http://www.capitalismcenter.org/philosophy/Essays/The_Moral_Basis_of_Capitalism.htm B. Adamancy – We have an ethical obligation to resist every invasion of freedom Sylvester Petro, Toledo Law Review, Spring 1974, pg 480 Topicality – Increase Is Pre-Existing A topical case must make greater a pre-existing condition by at least 50% to constitute a substantial increase The plan initiates a new sort of pressure, rather than expanding the intensity of pressure currently brought to bare against China. Topicality – Pressure A topical case must directly apply oppressive financial force against China that in-and-of-itself constitutes economic distress, not merely causes it. The plan does not directly instate oppressive economic cConditions. The act of filing a dispute has no effect on China’s economy; threats are non-events, in direct opposition to imposing economic constraints A. Cooper Drury, Department of Political Science @ University of Missouri, Yitan Li, Department of Political Science @ University of Missouri, 2003, “U.S. Economic Sanction Threats Against China: Failing To Leverage Better Human Rights,” http://www.missouri.edu/~drurya/sanctionthreats.pdf Alabama PL Jack Parker & William Landau @ GSU Judge: Solt Opponent: ??? BizCon Case: Yuan Revaluation CP, don't sanx PRC ever. Free Trade Good K. Trade restrictions are immoral. T WTO submission not topical. Alabama LP - Negative vs. Liberty IPR – GSU Round 2 (Tim) T – threats not topical – must apply actual financial force T – increase – must make greater by 50% - not new pressure Biz Con B. Link 1. trade threats destroy the US economy – Yu, American University LR, 200, “growth prospects for the U.S. economy” and “a coercive policy will threaten the integrity” 2. Plan crushes business confidence (cites eg of ’95 impact) O’Quinn, Heritage.org, 7-25-97, “economic sanctions cost the U.S.” and “reverberate through the U.S. economy” C. Impact Recession results from loss confidence Braithwaite, Annals AAPS, ’04, “capitalism thrives on hope” and “confidence to innovate” Global War results, Mead, ‘92 Free trade [prevents global war, Lew Rockwell, 2000, “free trade is a crucial foundation to prosperity” AT: IPR Biz Con Link Turns 1) They falsely assume an inelastic demand curve – the actual cost of piracy is small – Ross, National Interest, ’97, “while Chinese piracy of IPR” and “software industry operate” 2) Their impacts are minimal – DVDs are cheap 3) Chinese piracy is a minuscule percentage of total IP theft – econ loss continue Ross, National Interest, Fall, 97, “losses to U.S. firms from piracy” AT: Businesses like the plan: 1) Perception of unreliable trade partner – prevents foreing business solicitation of US products 2) Business opposes any trade restrictions on China Kagan, Weekly Standard, 5-24-99, “business opposed to any effort to limit China’s” and “because they know China will punish” 3) Even if isolated industries support certain protectionis measures, most despise Hawkins, 1-18-99, Weekly Standard, “The breadth of support in the business community” 4) Business oppose sanctions to remedy IP violations NYT, 5-11-96 “Chief executives in major industries” and “should not allow differences with Beijing” 5) Journal of Commerce – most businesses don’t care, 8-29-05, “most Western businesses, this is not” 2NC Biz Con Links Pressuring China on IP nucs the economy Financial Times, 6-19-05 “Washington has not challenged” and “company likens” and “pressing the nuclear button” IPRS amount to economic WMDs, Liu, Asia Times, 8-20-05, “IP rights have become an economic weapon of mass destruction” Competitiveness Advantage Answers: US competitiveness is not tied to growth – Krugman, Foreign Affairs, ’94, “The idea that a country’s” and “whether it be in health care or trade” Countries aren’t in economic competition – growing foreign economies expand US export markets – Krugman, Foreign Affairs, “countries do not compete” and “wages are in principle” and “productivity rises in Japan” Their evidence is the product of mathematical error, Krugman, “one of the remarkable” and “each of some interest” Relatively large blows to manufacturing don’t harm overall economic integrity Krugman, “total U.S. employment is well over” and “these workers are less than” Their turn is only short term – they damage long term competitiveness Straits Times, 4-17-05 “officials were reluctant to threaten China” and “take tougher action against” US companies will innovate, Bloomberg media, 3-9-05, “will innovate to keep pace with emerging economies” Kritik - Coercion Counterplan Executive Order CP = Presidential power Strong president is key to dealing with terrorism, trade deficits, etc. Alabama VM neg Round #5 GSU Vs. Wake MR Judged by: Danielle Weise Case Args: Solvency Nationalism: Nat’lism arises from Sin- hegemonic ambitions indep. of US behavior www.nti.org/db/china/engdocs/kgan0997.htm (Testimony) Kagan ‘Advocates of . . . American behavior.’ IP protection stifles nat’list takeover & prevents Sino-econ. depression American Univ. Law Review, 50 Am. U.L. Rev. 131 (October 2000) Yu ‘ Finally, an . . the West.’ Sino Econ. collapse empowers Nat’lists “An Analysis of the Military Threats Across the Taiwan Strait: Fact or Fiction”, Comparative Strategy, Vol. 19, Issue 2 (Harold Kearsley) ‘ Thus, over . . against Taipei.’ Taiwan Adv. Frontline Econ. interdependence discourages war (Eland ’03), www.cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb74.pdf ‘Determining the . . and technology.’ Taiwanese air & naval superiority deter invasion (Eland ’03) same address ‘Taiwan now . . first place.’ Kritik Cap. Bad --> Biopolitics deployed in totalitarians societies which is bad – our strengthening of democratic structures prevents, not causes, their impact (Dickinson ’04) --> Central European History, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 18-19) ‘In an . . Nazi policies.’ Perm.: Do both combine modern & post-modern to create coalitions for change Best & Kellner (www2.cddc.vt.edu/illuminations/kell28.htm) ‘But it . . alienated labor.’ We must deploy resources of both the K & Plan to create best political action Same cite Coalitional Turn - Coalitional politics essential to challenging S.Quo power paradigms Bets & Kellner ‘01 www.democracynature.org/dn/vol7/best_kellner_postmodernism.htm ‘The emphasis . . particular group.’ Must combine the modern & post-modern to solve for shortcomings of each Best & Kellner www.2cddc.vt.edu/illuminations/kell28.htm ‘The postmodern . . coming millennium.’ Biopolitics Good – Leads to freedom & resistance to oppressive systems - resist from below Dickinson ‘04 (Dickinson ’04) --> Central European History, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 41-44) ‘In any . . influence groups.’ Alabama VM Melissa Van Kirk & Mallory Morgan @ GSU Judge: ??? Opponent: ??? Case: IPR Aspec Statism (Beres 94, Campbell 98) BizCon Appalachian State Appalachian State BM @ GSU (Miles/Patterson) vs. North Korea Prolif Pressure Off case arguments -T “On” – pressure must be directly on China not just against China to pressure other entities -Nuclear Apartheid K Non prolif leads to imperialism/colonialist violence in international relations. Shampa/Biswas 01’ “Nuclear Apartheid” Alt = Ban Companies From Selling censoring software; leads to communication solving conflict Simon 00’ Ebo 01’ Appalachian State MR (Evan Miles & Jonathan Russell) @ Richmond RND 2 Aff- Liberty HW “labor standards” HR K 1. value of human rights leading to catastrophe 2. Economic feared toward hegemony, not HR, Weatherly 99 3. Rights discourse destroys value of live- Bove 2002 ASEAN CP 1. a power vacuum in Aia risks increase Army International security Winter 1993-1994 pg 17 2. Consult Asean Simon 2004 3. Securing ties with Asean is key to cohesion and previewing a power value AIDS Fialyr 2003 US hege prevents AIDs solvency Rider 2005 Relations, Aids, environ human rights fails US already applying pressure to the yuan Crustsinger martin 2003 Federal News Rdaio Pressure on Yuan doesn’t solve Palmer, Dous 2004 “Bush turns down call for prche into yuan the standard Large revolution would stall Japan’s economy – Nikkei Weekly 2005 US Japan relations are critical to peace and stability block and Akaiya 1998 Asia is a potential nhot spot for instability conflict likely to go nuclear destroy US Nation on East 2000 Yuan overvalued which is unfair trade practice (Skinner, 05, Investment News) A Bill in congress makes clear currency manipulation unfair (Taipei Times, 05) C not revalue, trade war certain (Frauhheim, 05) CNETNews.com History shows that trade wars lead to real wars (Miller, Elwood, xx) War w/C --> nuclear holocaust (Johnson 2001, The Nation MISCELLANEOUS 1. Quiet Diplan (CP) QD is based on a promotion oriented approach to FoPo—Distinct from punishing or pressure 2. Inflation DA- A consume expectations of law inflation keeping econ in check and S hi oil prices, the Times 9/12 B- Ch. Imports keep mortgages low, lower world hurt housing market x the record 8.12.05 C (!) collapseof housing bubble kills g.econ ( x) Darls 05 Wwww.tompaine.com/articles/20050419/riding_the_real_estate_tsunami.php) D (!) Mead 04 3. Humil K same 4. Case 5. T Diplo=gov to gov Army U.S. Military Academy CS (Suliman & Crow) @ Liberty Topicality: Diplomatic pressure not military Disadvantages: Hegemony bad Hurts the US economy Increases terrorism US-Sino-Russian relations Military Academy DM (Camilla Dulys-Nusbaum & Renee Marren) @ Liberty Neg vs. George Mason CR, IPR Topicality: - Topicality Effects—plan is both conditional and not directly on China Disadvantages: - Nationalism DA - Hu consolidation now - pressure increases nationalism - causes regional wars - Taiwan DA - anti-China policies spur Taiwan independence, leading to war with China Case: - Hegemony Bad - causes terrorism - increases budget deficit - Tariff hurts US economy, increasing inflation - Food prices blip kills 2 million (Tampa Tribune) U.S. Military Academy HJ (Hammett & Jost) @ Liberty vs Countervailing Duties Topicality: And (must be both pressure Pressure can’t be contingent Must do pressure Can’t allow/threaten Future fiat bad Kritik: Gender IR Alternative = Tichner – must reject to step away and solve Takes out solvency MPX: oppression Disadvantages: WHO DA: Pressure increases nationalism Undermines WHO Collapses regime U.S. Military Academy HK (Horowitz & Keyes) @ Liberty vs Laogai Kritiks: Orientalism HR links (Zhou 2k5) No law is colonial (Ruskola 2k2) Find them inadequate (Ruskola 2k2) Racism (Macifie 2k2) Alt: investigate history (Said 98) Disadvantages: Taiwan: Taiwan Stable (China Daily, Sept 13, 2k5) Secession = Invasion (The Gleaner 2k4) MPX: war (The Nation 2k1, “Time to Bring the Troops Home”) Ice Age: Decrease econ growth increases energy consumption (Lugar 2k5) Brink of ice age (Spectator 2k3) Nuke war and extinction (Fisher 90) vs TRIPS (Pitt GR) Topicality: Econ pressure must be a sanction Disadvantages: Ice Age Tax Cuts: Bush has no pc left Bush pushing tax cuts Tax cuts hurt economy Military Academy KZ (Matt Kalin & Klye Zeck) @ Liberty Neg vs. George Mason KK, Counterplans: Consult ASEAN—solves for Hegemony (cooperation key to US soft power)—key to stop terrorism or nuke war Topicality: Trade Representative is not the USFG WTO is not predictable Disadvantages: Nationalism Hegemony Good U.S. Military Academy LP (Linford & Pan) @ Liberty Topicality: contingency (threat is contingent on extrinsic events) Disadvantages: Chinese Politics Relations Taiwan U.S. Military Academy TQ (Qirjazi & Thompson) @ Liberty T Violations: - WTO is only legal institution for trade (Trade and Industry Department 2k4, http://www.tid.gov.hr/english/trad_relations/tradeforq/wto_bkgd.html) - T diplomatic spec – 1. type 2. duration 3. manner Disadvantages: North Korea Nationalism Relations Augustana Augustana BS neg Round 1 Kentucky Vs. Wake Forest CP (EASA) Judged by: Kevin Hamrick Neitsche A. Link- the affirmatives construction of threat and the necessity of security represents a fear of the ultimate other, the fear of death. This narrow focus on technical means of policy implementation reinforces that fear. The 1ac performance is an attempt to control risk as opposed to confront it the desire to control is a mode of the negative will to power the desire to assimilate the radically different other, the other of death we cannot annihilate the other simply because we fear it. James der derian 1995 a Watson institute research professor of international studies and professor of political science at the university of massachussets at Amherst, the value of security” Hobbes Marx Nietzshche, Baudrillard. Pages 24-45 “The rapidity of change” “of risks and benefits” B. turns the case ressentiment socializes us to participate in violence and exploitation through the fear of a superior. This triggers an accelerating cycle that is the root cause of their harms. Roger Bromley, Professor of Nottingham Trent University, May 199, THE PEDAGOGUES OF RESSENTIMENT: the experience of hamlet “the discussion of ressentiment” “which secures such outcomes” C. Outweighs the case: Ressentiment leads to the self combustion of the human race bringing all of this to the despicable front James Hammond Author and American Philosopher 2004, Modern Times “no one analyzed” “the attention of ressentiment” D. Our alternative embraces the affirmative will to power through Nietzschean agonistics. Our approach opens the possibility of an agonistic democratic politics that affirms life and rejects political strategies that attempt to reduce life to mere self preservation Hatab, Lawrence J. Professor of Philosophy at Old Dominion University 2002 Prospects for a Democratic Agon Why We can still be Nietzscheans: The Journal of Nietzsche “how can we begin to” “ submission in democratic politics” Block Strategy K 2NR Strategy K. goes for our fear good arguments don’t apply, and perms are illegitimate Augie BS vs. Affirmative Team: MO State JW @ UNI On-Case Arguments: [Please include tags + full citations] Text of Topicality Violation China has high rates of investment – reuters aug. 15, 2005 “China, july investment higher” Sanctions cause capital flight – Jiang 2001 – The Chinese National Defense University Country Economic sanctions Econ pressure = sanctions Ware 2004 Seattle Journal For Social Justice Fall 2003 “Rule of force or rule of law?” Pressure Spec Key Topicality Cite/Tags: Key Negative Off-Case Arguments: [Please include tags + full citations] Counter-Plan Text: Relations/Trade War DA Zoellick Incr Relations Now – Newsweek 2005 Trade war between U.S.-China --> Shooting war Liv 2005 “Trade wars can lead to shooting war” Human Rights DA China seeking cooperation w/ U.S. – Kissinger 2005 Washington Post, June 13 Human rights progress being made now – work with China is key Dalphino 99 www.brookings.edu/comm/policybriefs/pb50.htm CP: USFG will make IPR compliance a conditions for being granted “Market economy” status. Framing the aff as a market economy issue derails protectionism in U.S. – Green 2004 Augustana HF neg Round #5: Kentucky Vs. aff: Wake LN Judged by: Westerfield, Zach Case Args: Sanctions Fail Russia/China Alliance Bad Disad: Plan drives China to Russia US-China Relations Disad: Automotive Industry Disad: China retaliates against economic pressure by excluding US automobile companies from China. Auto companies key economy. Consult Australia Counterplan: Net Benefit was US-Australia Relations Market Economy Status Incentives Counterplan: Condition giving China Market Economy status based on China refusing to buy arms from Europe. Protectionism DA Topicality “On” Block Strategy: Incentives CP, Protectionism DA, Russia/China Alliance Disad, Case 2NR Strategy: Case, Russia-China, Protectionism Baptist Bible College Baptist Bible College MV @ Missouri State Round 2 vs. KCKCC CM Case China and US are co-dependent Martin Wolf, Financial Times, Sept 19, 2005 “What are the…responsible for them.” US and China are poised for Cold War Martin Wolf, Financial Times, Sept 19, 2005 “The results include…the Cold War.” “Such an advance…power as well.” Peaceful commerce is the answer Adam Smith “The experience of Chinese…to manage conflict.” US force only answer to Sudan Washington Post, April 11, 2005 “Last June Sec…of the territory.” UN is the way to go Thalif Deen, InterPress Service, 2-9-2005 “Over the past…900 to 3000.” Saudi Press Agency, 4-21-2005 “UN General Assembly…this year alone.” UN offers more help through other countries than just China Terry Black, Wall Street Journal, 4-9-2005 UN successful and easy way to establish peace Jason Blick, CNN.com, 9-22-05 “At the Security Council…restored in Darfur.” China will not seek a peaceful way to restore peace BBC News “ The US which ways….peace in Darfur.” Bard Bard CF Neg Round 8 Shirley Vs Team: Fort Hayes CM Judge: Erin Witte Case Args: none Off Case Args: Topicality USFG case list Topicality Diplomatic pressure case list Topicality Economic pressure case list Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: All three violations Bard CF Round #1 Shirley Vs Team: Redlands SZ Judge: Morgan Parmett Case Args: none Off Case Args: Topicality USFG 1. Must be state Topicality Resolved A. Break Down assumptions B. Violation – They don’t challenge assumptions behind the resolution. C. Standards – Education Depth better than Breadth because we have more limited debates to understand resolution. D. Voters A-priori Competing interpretations Key to solve resolution State-centrism K 1. The state-centric framework employed by the affirmative observes and constitutes states as the only valid actors in international relations, and, therefore, it limits our dissent to a nation-state centered form of dissent, which by definition requires a deferral of agency. (Site: Bleiker, Roland. 2000. “Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics.” P. 6) 2. Viewing the nation-state as the “irreducible component of identity ensure that “gender, along with class, race, and other facets of identity continue to be rendered invisible in international relations.” (Site: Steans, Jill. 1998. Gender and International Relations. P. 62) 3. This state-centric framework results the “undercultivation of student agency in the academic field of argumentation” and places students in the position of the spectator. The spectator mentality is bad. (Site. Mitchell, Gordon. 1998. “Pedagogical Possibilities for Argumentative Agency in Academic Debate.” Argumentation and Advocacy, v. 35) 4. Furthermore, engaging in a state-centric model of discourse and advocacy leaves us always perpetuating a “rhetoric of preparation” that forces us to constantly see our individual agency as something we will only have in the future. (Site. Mitchell, Gordon. 1998. “Pedagogical Possibilities for Argumentative Agency in Academic Debate.” Argumentation and Advocacy, v. 35) 5. Lastly, engaging in a state-centric framework keeps us constructing and imagining the world in large, national, and global terms while it keeps us distanced from the only possible avenue of change and resistance that is accessible to us—the local one. (Site: Nayar, Jayan. 1999. “Symposium: Reframing International Law for the 21st Century: Orders of Inhumanity.” Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, Fall 1999.) 6. The alt—focus on discourse and transversal dissent (Site: Bleiker, Roland. 2000. “Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics.” P. 6) Self-Imagination K I. Links A. The affirmative frames their case, like most debates about China within US international relations theory, within the context of three common but flawed assumptions. Chengxin Pan. 2004. The “China Threat” in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics. Alternatives 29 (2004) 305-331. Page 305. B. Within the context of these flawed assumptions, the affirmative constructs China as a threat and establishes this threat as an “objective” reality. Chengxin Pan. 2004. Page 307. II. Impacts A. Conceptions of china as a threatening other are not objective accounts of some external reality. Rather they are reflective of the American self-imagination, protective of US self-interests, and serve as self-fulfilling prophecies that legitimate power politics. I.E. The aff’s discourse turns their case—their terms and assumptions lead to the very problems that they claim merely to describe and attempt to solve. Chengxin Pan. 2004. Page 306. B. Constructing China as a threatening other fundamentally denies the existence and prevents the understanding of the many different Chinese realities and identities, and thus it prevents true and systemic change to China’s trajectory in global politics. Chengxin Pan. 2004. Page 318 C. Furthermore, the politico-strategic formulation of what the US can do to contain the “china threat” serves as the apex of the US power politics agenda and leads to unfettered US hegemony. Chengxin Pan. 2004.. Page 318-319 III. The Alternative A. Challenging assumptions begins the process of breaking down the myths and lies that maintain and perpetuate status quo politics. Patrick Reinsborough. 2003. “SmartMeme I: Direct Action at the Points of Assumption.” www.SmartMeme.com B. We all have a responsibility to question our assumptions and representations because they have an enormous impact on world politics. Bleiker in 2001 (Roland Bleiker, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 2001. ISSN 0305-8298. Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 509-533) C. The power politics game that characterizes the relationship between the US and China will only be perpetuated and worsened if we don’t attack the assumptions at the root of the problem. Only through the interrogation of assumptions and the de-colonization of our imaginations can we put an end to such destructive politics and open space for new ways of understanding China. Chengxin Pan. 2004. Page 326 Block Strategy: 2NC goes for both kritiks. 1NR goes for both topicality violations. Kind of spends time on USFG but doesn't really go for it. 2nr Strategy: 2NR goes for everything. Bard CF Pre Shirley Bard CF (Cassie Cornell and Angelina Fox)—Negative disclosure State-centrism K 1. The state-centric framework employed by the affirmative observes and constitutes states as the only valid actors in international relations, and, therefore, it limits our dissent to a nation-state centered form of dissent, which by definition requires a deferral of agency. (Site: Bleiker, Roland. 2000. “Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics.” P. 6) 2. Viewing the nation-state as the “irreducible component of identity ensure that “gender, along with class, race, and other facets of identity continue to be rendered invisible in international relations.” (Site: Steans, Jill. 1998. Gender and International Relations. P. 62) 3. This state-centric framework results the “undercultivation of student agency in the academic field of argumentation” and places students in the position of the spectator. The spectator mentality is bad. (Site. Mitchell, Gordon. 1998. “Pedagogical Possibilities for Argumentative Agency in Academic Debate.” Argumentation and Advocacy, v. 35) 4. Furthermore, engaging in a state-centric model of discourse and advocacy leaves us always perpetuating a “rhetoric of preparation” that forces us to constantly see our individual agency as something we will only have in the future. (Site. Mitchell, Gordon. 1998. “Pedagogical Possibilities for Argumentative Agency in Academic Debate.” Argumentation and Advocacy, v. 35) 5. Lastly, engaging in a state-centric framework keeps us constructing and imagining the world in large, national, and global terms while it keeps us distanced from the only possible avenue of change and resistance that is accessible to us—the local one. (Site: Nayar, Jayan. 1999. “Symposium: Reframing International Law for the 21st Century: Orders of Inhumanity.” Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, Fall 1999.) 6. The alt—focus on discourse and transversal dissent (Site: Bleiker, Roland. 2000. “Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics.” P. 6) Self-Imagination K I. Links A. The affirmative frames their case, like most debates about China within US international relations theory, within the context of three common but flawed assumptions. Chengxin Pan. 2004. The “China Threat” in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics. Alternatives 29 (2004) 305-331. Page 305. B. Within the context of these flawed assumptions, the affirmative constructs China as a threat and establishes this threat as an “objective” reality. Chengxin Pan. 2004. Page 307. II. Impacts A. Conceptions of china as a threatening other are not objective accounts of some external reality. Rather they are reflective of the American self-imagination, protective of US self-interests, and serve as self-fulfilling prophecies that legitimate power politics. I.E. The aff’s discourse turns their case—their terms and assumptions lead to the very problems that they claim merely to describe and attempt to solve. Chengxin Pan. 2004. Page 306. B. Constructing China as a threatening other fundamentally denies the existence and prevents the understanding of the many different Chinese realities and identities, and thus it prevents true and systemic change to China’s trajectory in global politics. Chengxin Pan. 2004. Page 318 C. Furthermore, the politico-strategic formulation of what the US can do to contain the “china threat” serves as the apex of the US power politics agenda and leads to unfettered US hegemony. Chengxin Pan. 2004.. Page 318-319 III. The Alternative A. Challenging assumptions begins the process of breaking down the myths and lies that maintain and perpetuate status quo politics. Patrick Reinsborough. 2003. “SmartMeme I: Direct Action at the Points of Assumption.” www.SmartMeme.com B. We all have a responsibility to question our assumptions and representations because they have an enormous impact on world politics. Bleiker in 2001 (Roland Bleiker, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 2001. ISSN 0305-8298. Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 509-533) C. The power politics game that characterizes the relationship between the US and China will only be perpetuated and worsened if we don’t attack the assumptions at the root of the problem. Only through the interrogation of assumptions and the de-colonization of our imaginations can we put an end to such destructive politics and open space for new ways of understanding China. Chengxin Pan. 2004. Page 326 Bard NS Neg Round 5 Shirley Vs Team: Pittsburgh FW Judge: Hester Case Args: Evidence from TAZ (Temporary Autonomous Zone) and Mark Taylor’s Erring: A postmodern a/theology, 1984 Their argument is mostly the following: The aff replaces God with themselves, i.e., they posit an end to history (the case harms) and situate the aff (plan) as savior. This humanism is based on faulty understanding of communication (their solvency take-out) and simply inverts the Master-Slave relationship (their DA). The alt is “purposelessness” or “erring” (Taylor’s word), which is functionally akin to “reject aff and don’t replace it with anything” Bard NS Pre Shirley Bard NS (Litta Naukushu and Nathan Sweed)—Negative disclosure Same as Bard CF Baylor Baylor CM @ Missouri State Round 1 vs. KCKCC MT T- On means on China Consult Japan CP 1. The United States is currently consulting with Japan over all developments in our China Policy. 2. The U.S. is actively engaging Japan in South East Asian Policy Development. They have agrred to closely consult japan on human rights issues in the region- the alliance is key to world-wide peace and stability. 3. Non-Consultation Destroys Relations- Whether Or Not The U.S. Consults Before Taking Action is the trump card. 4. The Plan is unilateral U.S. action- They do not consult Japan. 5. Genuine Consultation on other issues like human rights are absolutely critical to maintaining the allianc and preventing a nuclear arms race in Asia. 6. Japanese Rearment and Nuclearization would spark a chain reaction in Asia leading to nuclear conflict. Nationalism DA A. Hu is now moving toward reform and away from old school communism. B. U.S. Pressure Angers Hardliners C. Despite Attempts at old school reform, he can’t move to quickly. When forcd to decide, Hu will placate old school hardliners. D. Reform is key to solving the Taiwan crisis, E. The Result is a full scale global nuclear war. China Econ DA Selective Diplomacy DA A) Current State Dept. focus is on managing Saudi Arabia’s transition to a new government. B) The plan does it’s diplomatic pressure through the State dept. That’s normal means. C) New Diplomatic initiatives, especially in the areas of trade. Humyn Rights, and proliferation, will trade off with other more critical missions. D) Saudi Regime Collapse Causes WW3 Sanctions are Violent Octafinals vs. WSU CS Europe emerging as a superpower Nelson, 2002, The Washington Quarterly, 2002, “Transatlantic Transmutations” “That Europe could…or global action.” EU must unite on China policy Matt Burnett, The new Frontier: EU-China Relations, July 1-2, 2005, www.lse.ac.uk “China presents a new…each other.” The united EU produces a new life mentality, capable of deconstructing heg and violence Martin Beck Matuztik, Between Hope and terror: Habermas and Derrida Plead for the Impossible to Jacques Derrida in memoriam”, Fall 2004 “responsibility for one’s history…global domestic policy.” Nationalism Recent election of Ma as Taiwanese Nationalist Party means Hu will work harder on Taiwan relations but there are some doubts Asia News, “Hu Jianto congratulates Ma Ying-jeou, KMT’s new leader”, July 18, 2005 “Chinese President…did not favour.” Military hardliners oppose new US influence on China- brink is now Joe McDonald, AP News Service, “China General Threatens US over Taiwan”, July 15, 2005 “A Chinese general…The Financial Times.” Hu Can’t disburb the apple cart, but he does want to instigate political reform Bruce Einhorn, Biz Week, “Hu Jianto: China’s Gorbachev”, Oct 27, 2003 “Sound far-fetched….Science & Technology.” Hu is pushing democratic reform but won’t participate with the US Agence France Press, “Hu Jianto Attacks ‘Western’ reform and local corruption”, Sept 16, 2004 “Chinese President…abuse of power.” Hu is pushing grassroots democratic reforms that are necessary for China’s future but he still faces problems Matthew Forney, Time, B is for Ballot, Oct 13, 2003 “Hu’s comments seemed….aced the class yet.” Hu’s pushing int’l harmony Xinhua, Sept 5, 2003, “Chinese President Hu….nature and countries.” Hu is committed to democracy Matthew Forney, Time “B is for Ballot”, Oct 13, 2003 “As students across….democratic elections.” The communist party under Hu is moving towards moderation Frank Ching, New Straits Times, Sept 30, 2004, LN “A Key policy….exercise of power.” Baylor CM Negative @ UNI Counterplan – Economic NOT diplomatic Selective Diplomacy/Terrorism DA Diplomatic Resources focused on Terrorism – Smith 2005 – Congressional, April 14 “public diplomacy…adequate funding” Diplomatic pressure = state department State Dept. Bureaus of Public affairs May 25, 2005 “state department leads…trade to nuclear weapons.” New Diplomacy trades off with terrorism Lugar March 18, 2003 FNS, “state department has been starved” Strong diplomacy key to prevent terrorism Peterson 2002 – Foreign Affairs sept./oct. “public diplomacy…cooperation of foreign nations” Terrorism = extinction MacKinnon May 5, 2005 Washington Times “terrorists who seek to obliterate the U.S.” Baylor JL @ Missouri State China Threat China isn’t a threat- perceptions of such makes war inevitable Chengzan Pan, Alternatives, no. 29, pg. 305-331 We view China as a result of viewing ourselves SSPC CP Solves hegemony, eurocentrism and confrontation with the other Martin Beck Matasik, “Between Hope and Terror: Habermas and Derrida plead for the impossible to Jacques Derrrida in Memoriam”, Fall 2004 EU rise inevitable Feffer, 2005, “Goodbye Uncle Sam, Hello Team Europe”, www.alternet.org/story/21753 “Europe as exerted….finally coming onto its own.” China more likely to listen to EU www.cnn.com/2005/BUSINESS/09/07/China.trade.ap/?section=cnn_latest Politics Pombo bill won’t pass without dems Wernew, 9/21/05, www.bradenton.com/mld/bradenton/news/politics/12708044.htm “Conservative lawmakers….vote Thursday.” Plan boosts Bush’s popularity Roger Mitton, 9/3/05, Straits Times, LN “It would be an exaggeration….appeasing China over Taiwan.” Pombo bill guts endangered species Act Miller, Press Enterprise, 9/20/05, LN “Environmental critics quickly…endangered species.” ESA checks extinction “We are currently faced with the greatest rate of….brink of extinction.” EU wins in the WTO Phillipe LeGrain, Nov 3, 2003, “Last Resort”, The New Republic, LN “The European Commission, which….actions on the dollar.” CD increases econ and dip clout of the EU and decreases US heg Telegraph Herald, June 5, 2005, Double Take, LN “A historical geopolitical….not militarily.” EU transcends the state. It’s the only counterbalancer to US power- solves nuclear war Rorty, 2003, “Humiliation Solidarity” Dissent Magazine, Fall 2003 “The European Union….created by nuclear weapons.” UN China won’t veto Iran sanctions Michael Hedges, Houston Chronicles Aug 10, 2005, www.chron.com/cs/CDT/ssistory.mpl/nation/3305556 “The United States is backing…unilaterally as Iran.” Pressure kills horse-trading in UNCS Collun Lynch, Washington Post, July 6, 2004 (2001)?, Trade Deal war Chinese support of US policy on Iraq “The United States released more…now becoming clear.” Sanctions key to check Iranian prolif Perkovich and Manzanero, May 2004, “Plan B: Using sanctions to end Iran’s nuclear program.” Baylor LO Round # 6 Shirley Vs. aff: UMKC FR Judged by: Winfrey Case Args: Levinas – Narratives totalize identity Shapiro 97 p.101 Critchley 02 Cambridge Companion to Levinas p. 11-13 Butler 04 p.132-134 Longxi 98 Minority Opposites p. 20-22 Kritik Baudrillard Consumer Society 1970 p.30-31 Baudrillard Selected Writings p. 42-43 Sim and Sim83 Nihilism Alt Topicality Resolved Got To Have a Plan Block Strategy Plan, Baudrillard, Case 2NR Strategy Plan and Theory Baylor LO Round 2 Shirley Vs. aff: Case Western HP Judged by: Moritato Case Args: Cant change iran’s intent to destroy the jewish state Iran can make deploy NBC now NK alt cause China wont enforce desp. sanctions Kritik Shapiro Borders You ignore immediacy of the other allowing violent cartography Kritik Baudrillard Caring about the nuclear threat destroys the meaning to life Alt is transparent nihilism- baudrillard 93 and 70 Block Strategy Both K’s 2NR Strategy Both K’s Baylor LO Pre Shirley Baylor LO (main negative positions...) Anthropocentrism Kritik (the discourse of the 1AC is human-centric and doesn't include discursive space for nature). Levinas Kritik-- this K is about making discursive space for "the other". The representations of China in the 1AC do not show compassion for "the other". Western, universalized human rights rhetoric is otherizing. Threat rhetoric is otherizing. Embrace the other. Gender Kritik--- the rhetoric of the affirmtive is gendered/masculinized. The aff advocates use of the State, coercive pressure, etc-- these are msaculinized approaches to ir and should be rejected Topicality- Economic Pressure =s Sanctions Topicality- "and" means that economic and dipomatic pressure must be two separate actions in the plan Sanctions Bad-- they hurt the poor, they are capitalist, they never work, they cause human rights violations, etc. Baylor RT Neg Round 7 Shirley Vs Team: Kentucky GG Judge: Case Args: No war in Taiwan Plan = war Same economic interdependence stops war Off Case Args: Pressure = conditional Same pressure spec Gotta be sanctions Vagueness T-bills UN Sanctions DA Block Strategy: Case, T-bills, UN Sanctions 2nr Strategy: Case T-Bills Baylor RT Neg Round 2 Shirley Vs Eastern New Mexico HW Judge: Paul Hood Case Args: none Off Case Args: T econ pressure=sanctions Resolved=reflexive (must defend USFG action) Gender K-Old school [Peterson and Runyan, Bem; IR, State, Protection, HR Links] Non-violence K (Kappelen’s [“The Will to violence: The politics of personal behaviors”] p. 1-3, 14-15,11-12 Baylor RT Pre Shirley Baylor RT's favorite Neg. arguments include: T- gotta be two separate actions, diplomatic and economic pressure are distinct T- gotta include economic sanctions Gender K-- IR/state action is masculine, patriarchy is bad and should be rejected Nationalism DA-- plan foments chinese nationalism, Hu has to invade Taiwan to save face Chinese Economy DA-- trade pressure/Sanctions jack the Chinese economy; prolif Impax U.N. Security Council DA (China retaliates against the plan by blocking US initiatives in the UN Security Council; the Impact scenarios are Iran Sanctions Good, Burma Sanctions Good, Syria Sanctions Good) Politix DA-- Bush winner's win; plan is popular which allows the Pombo California oil drilling bil to pass, gutting the ESA, kills species Dollar DA-- China retaliates against trade pressure by selling off U.S. T-bills; economy impax EU Counterplan-- the EU will pressure China on whatever the plan does; the EU is china's biggest trading partner Binghamton Binghamton MN (Mabutas & Ni) @ Liberty vs Nuc Prolif --> Iran Topicality: diplomacy pressure nonprolif Kritik: “The Awakening” The Awakeining Shell First, by attempting to push off death the aff only continues to ensure an eternal form of suffering through their focus on a quick fix that pushes death off to the nebulous future where it no longer appears threatening Wallace 1993 (Alan Monk. Scholar, Teacher, and Practiinoer) Tbetan Buddhism, Wisdom Publications: Somerville, Massachusetts) p. 11-12 All of us acknowledge that one day we will die. In fact,….. “I” who experiences thes changing events remains essentially the same. Fortunately, by simply accepting death and political defeat we all have a psychic inwardness that must proceed action and which can prevent the worst of tragedies Armstrong 01 (Karn teache at ledback college in 99 muslim public affairs concel media award winner, Buddha, penguin books, London england p 18-19 The Hebrew prophets overturneds….and sought to integreate it within the conditions of daily life. Threat construction (Lipschintz) Binghamton GM (Jake Gartman & Matt Malia) @ Richmond RND 2 Aff- Pace LT Sovereignty Kritik: We must take an unprecedented step away from the sovereign violence that characterized the 20th century, embracing the new international allows us to do this. Aff frustrates this project by placing primacy in the nation-state. Derrida in 94, Negotiations: Interventions and Interviews 1971-2001 (published in 2002), p. 237-241 The 1AC is fraught with assumptions about international relations that give primacy to modern conceptions of sovereignty by using master narratives that locate the PRC as an entity external to the US in order to enact pressure. This (re)inscribes Cold War ideological representations of danger – this prevents us from having an objective understanding of the world. David Campbell, 1998, Writing Security (Revised Edition), p. 6-9, 18-19 Sovereignty divides the world into life-zones and death-zones, concentrating cruelty onto the populations that are rendered expendable and are disqualified from political existence. Etienne Balibar, 2004, We, The People of Europe? Reflections On Transnational Citizenship, p. 126-129 This turns us to subjects of biopower, which enables war, genocide and nuclear destruction. Foucault, 1978, History of Sexuality Vol. 1, p. 136-137 Sovereignty has colonized our minds, it prevents non-violence alternatives to foreign policy. Our criticism problematizes this which opens space for new political possibilities that aren’t attached to sovereignty. Campbell again, p. 197-199 Topicality: Discussing and condemning US concerns between diplomatic officials constitutes diplomatic pressure. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, march 28, 2005, www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/shrd/2004/43109.htm The United States engaged …. And religious freedom violations. International economic pressure is sanctions, trade war, and econ warfare. Robert Pape, “Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work,” International Security, Fall 1997, vol 22, issue 2, p. ebsco AFF vs MWU “MTCR” Antiproliferation= orientalist Gusterson, 1999 Cultural Anthropology v 14.1 “Nuclear Weapons and the other in the western imagination” Tech Gap causes violence Broughton 1996 Genocide, War and Human Survival, “US over Iraq: High technology and Low Culture in the Gulf Conflict Need to confront and dissect orientalism Gusterson, 1999 (ibid) Nuclear orientalism masks global inequalities Gusterson 99 Terror talk bad and causes self-fulfilling prophecy Porras 94 Utah Law Review 144, L/N People in China can’t afford the internet Shaw 98 www.ojr.org/ojr/business/1017967553.php Democratization causes conflict Mansfield and Snyder, 1995 Foreign Affairs, vol. 74 Issue 3, “Democratization and War” Binghamton LW (Dan Weiser & Jeremy Levine) @ Richmond Vs Emory GD INC T Diplomacy- American Heritage Dictionary = “sensitivity” World politics dict dialogue and negotiation Sanx are not sensitive. Vagueness is slapped on the end Feminism- Material feminism is being replaced by post structural feminism, but appartently focusing on militarism props up material feminism. Shell 03 Post-structural feminism K to creating a feminist movement that avoids fracture and essentialism, McLaren 02 On Case No inherent barrier, we just sanctioned some company 100 minon, language of securitization bad, Lipschitz 95; image of prolif bad, prlif metaphor guts solvency, mutimeroo The weapons state: Proliferation and the framing of security 108-110; sanctions hurt women due to economic vulnerability; heg predicated upon propag shore, power politics value hegemony over survival, Chomsky 02, crisis politics deny humanity, Chomsky 02;Zhang 01; existence of the state is predicated upon violence, Barclay 90, sanctions fail, India and Pakistan tests prove, Griswold 2000; Chinese rise to power will be peaceful, Jessup 05; good intentions get coopted by sate, turns case, Cohen 85; only 5% of population is at risk to die in Nuclear war, Clayton 85; there is consciousness after death, Waltz 93; must accept inevitability of death waltz 95 Binghamton OS (Erica Shapiro & Tamara Osdoby) @ Liberty Kritiks: The Awakeining Shell First, by attempting to push off death the aff only continues to ensure an eternal form of suffering through their focus on a quick fix that pushes death off to the nebulous future where it no longer appears threatening Wallace 1993 (Alan Monk. Scholar, Teacher, and Practiinoer) Tbetan Buddhism, Wisdom Publications: Somerville, Massachusetts) p. 11-12 All of us acknowledge that one day we will die. In fact,….. “I” who experiences thes changing events remains essentially the same. Fortunately, by simply accepting death and political defeat we all have a psychic inwardness that must proceed action and which can prevent the worst of tragedies Armstrong 01 (Karn teache at ledback college in 99 muslim public affairs concel media award winner, Buddha, penguin books, London england p 18-19 The Hebrew prophets overturneds….and sought to integreate it within the conditions of daily life. Threat construction (Lipschintz) Boston College Boston College BC Neg Round 8 Shirley Vs Team: Wyoming CL Judge: Hardy Case Args: Off Case Args: T ANWR North Korea – 6 party talks relations Block Strategy: North Korea, T 2nr Strategy: North Korea Boston College BC Round # 3 Shirley Vs. aff: USC LN Judged by: Carver Disad ANWR bad (as disclosed) Disad North Korea (as disclosed) Disad Nationalism (as disclosed) Topicality T substantial (as disclosed) Block Strategy ANWR North Korea Case 2NR Strategy North Korea Case Boston College BC Round 1 Shirley Vs Team: Clarion DZ Judge: Elisha NIx Case Args: Olym[pic boycotts fail Util good Human rights pressure fails Sex trafficking fails Nationalism turn Off Case Args: Engagement CP North Korea ANWR bad- china bashing link, biodiversity impact Block Strategy: all 2nr Strategy: North Korea and engagement Boston College BC Pre Shirley i forgot about consult - sorry i fail net benefit prior and binding consultation is necessary to sustain US alliance with Japan - only genuine cosutation solves kazuhisa, japan quarterly, sept 99 "THe most urgent...cooperation" japan will withdraw unless they feel = partnership roy, asian affairs 04 "since the end of the cold...equitable" without strong US support - japanese miitarization = nuclearization lind, international security, summer 04 "The antimilitarist argument...allergy" japanese nuclearization -> prolif and nuke war jospeh cirincione, foreign policy, march 22, 00 "The blocks would fall...1945" hu is consolidating his power in china LA times 10/12/05 “China’s top leader…determination” specific link Hu must avoid clashing with old guard politburo members to consolidate power Financial Times, 9/3/05 “Now halfway through…core” hu appointments are key to ensuring greater civilian control over the military Nikkei Weekly, 9/5/05 “Even so, the country’s….momentum” weak civilian control increases the risk of military aggression Mario esteban, centre for east asian studies, will political liberalization of mainland china reduce the risk of military conflict in the Taiwan Strait? April 05 http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/slc/EATS%20II%20Mario%20Esteban.pdf “With regard to…it” rise of nationalism will undermine Hu and lead to military aggression Eric Two Chu Cheow, The japan times, april 1, 05 http://search.japantimes.co.jp/print/opinion/eo2005/eo20050401a1.htm “Hu is encouraging the…region” Chinese nationalism resuls in nuclear war State louis post- dispatch, 7/25/05 “As china gains…arsenals” t-bills china will not sell off US treasury bills in the s.q. Washington post 9/10/05 “China will not sell…economists” increasing economic pressure on China will cause it to sell off US Treasury bills Liam Halligan, the telegraph, june 19 05 “Krugman’s analysis…already” treasury bill sell-off will destroy the US and global economy Liam Halligan, the telegraph, june 19 05 “That sounds…going” MEAD North korea Chinese support key to success of 6 party talks BBC monitoring Asia-Pacific, 11/305 “Nearly two months…there” specific link solving North Korea problem = mpossible without good Sino-American relations David Shambaugh, Financial Times 9/1/05 “Few, if any…disruptions” failure of 6 party talks increase risk of a Korean war James Goodby, brookings, 2/4/05 http://www.brook.edu/views/op-ed/goodby/20050204.htm “At the end…Asia” North Korea war -> nuclear war Bruce Bennett and nina hachigian, international herald tribune, 1/31/04 “north Korea takes…order” Engagement CP We agree that human rights abuses in China are troubling, however, we call for ongoing engagement and dialogue between our cultures, rather than pressure and economic coercion. Engaging with China is the best way to cause change – pressure only makes the problem worse Yitan Li and Cooper Drury, Department of Political Science at the University of Missouri, International Studies Perspectives, Volume 5, Issue 4, November 2004, p.391 Boston College BC Round 4 Georgia State Vs. aff: Emory MS Internet Aff Judged by: Joe Packer Case Args: China is really authoritarian now will buy tech elsewhere (no card) china has not democratic tradition it will fail no impact: democracy will be more violent (no card) China will not back down Plan sparks nationalism Nationalism leads to nuclear war Democracy = transition wars democracy leads to violent protests democracy leads to AIDS prolif terrorism slow transition is better (no card) Xingjiang will split off if China democratizes Xingjiang is key to oil supply oil dependency leads to nuclear war China relations with NK scenario Consult Japan ASPEC Block Strategy Kick the Counterplan and ASPEC Go for case and the disad 2NR Strategy Went for disad outweighs mitigated case Boston College BC @ GSU Judge:??? Case: Trade- Tariffs US- Chinese Realtions Cinsult Japn T- USFG Economics Pressure on the human rights bad, engagement good Boston College CS Neg Round 6 Shirley Vs Team: Redlands HW Judge: Paul Kerr Case Args: Sanctions fail China will reject pressure AIDS mutation checks Vaccine will be developed in 15 years No stigma now in china Legal reforms on AIDs coming New leaders solve AIDS stigma SARS motivated China Off Case Args: CP: The USFG should establish a Joint US-China Commission on Public Health. The purpose of the Commision should be to focus attention at a sustained, high-level dialogue on building U.S.-Chinese partnerships in public health, specifically concerning HIV/AIDS. As a form of introduction, the USFG should raise the salience of HIV/AIDS within the US-China Commission on Science and Technology. The USFG should offer to repeal anti-dumping legislation if the PRC ends its discriminatory practices against HIV/AIDS activist and the people most susceptible to HIV/AIDS and allows any US HIV/AIDS funding to reach injection drug users, the commercial sex industry, sexual minorities, and those in rural areas sustained dialogue motivates HIV/AIDS action joint commission spurs coop repealing antidumping laws increases coop Hu/nationalism Hu credible now Pressure hurts Hu cred That exposes Hu to the old guard, hurting agenda Appointments crucial to civilian control of the military Civilian control solves conflict Nationalism sparks nuke war ANWR (read before) North Korea (read before) T- Human rights is in the Universal Declaration. AIDs isn’t included Block Strategy: Nationalism, north korea, ANWR, CP, case 2nr Strategy: Nationalism, cp, case Boston College CS Neg Round # 3 Shirley Vs Team: Emory CL Judge: Mancuso Case Args: Taiwan independence frontline: 1. US pressure not only fails to deter the movement, but also increases its zeal Andy Peterson 2004 Wash Quarterly lexis spring “U.S. disapproval has done little to deter” and “to the United States” 2. US policies have no effect on Taiwan’s move towards independence Robert S. Ross 2001 The National Interest, lexis fall “Ending ambiguity by clearly stating” and “even a limited war” 3. political motivation is stacked against Taiwanese declaration of independence Robert Ross again- same cite “Taiwan also has critical political stakes” and “declaration of independence” 4. Taiwanese economic dependency on china encourages preservation of the Squo Ross again – same cite “Taiwan’s interest in preserving” and “provocations from Taipei” China won’t invade Ross 2001 same cite “Why China wants peace with Taiwan” and “relationship with the United States” Japan frontline Sino-japan conflict is inevitable a) security council- china’s refusal to support Japan’s bid makes conflict inevitable 1ac Cheow evidence B) lack of democratization Edward friedman 2000 ed. Edward Friedman and Barrett L. McCormick pg. 99 What If China Doesn’t Democratize “if china’ and “nationalism” c) Senkaku islands The Economist 3/25/05 lexis “The list can go on” and “confrontation might follow” d) history The economist same “Tensions might be” and “sea-bed rights” 2. they hate each other – historical imperialism 3. aff doesn’t resolve Taiwan issue a) plan doesn’t reverse japan’s military suppot for Taiwna b_) japan will continue visits to Taiwan Off Case Args: Nationalism Hu is consolidating his power in china La times oct 12 2005 lexis “china’s top leader emerged’ and “hu’s careful determination” He has political capital Economist intelligence unit nov 2 2005 Pfactiva “china’s president, hu” and “will continue” b) 1. US pressure on china increases nationalism Martha cottam and Richard cottam 2001 Nationalism and Politics: the political behavior of nation states, pg. 242 “how nationalistic will china become” and “highly attentive public” Hu must avoid clashing with old guard politburo members to consolidate power FT sept 3 2005 p7 “now halfway through hthe first” and “at its core” St louis post dispatch impact card Hu appointments are key to ensuring greater civilian control over the military Nikkei Weekely sept 5 2005 “even so, the country’s” and “further momentum” Weak civilian control increases the risk of military aggression Mario Esteban 2005 april, will political liberalization of mainland china reduce the risk f military conflict in the Taiwan strait? http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/slc/EATS%20II%20Mario%20Esteban.pdf “with regard to the army” and “than states without it” Rise of nationalism will undermine hu Eric teo chu cheow 2005 april The Japan Times “Hu is encouraging the rise” and “the Asian region” Relations Negotiations are speeding up – they have momentum Xinhua nov 9 2005 “few expected the breakthrough” and “speeding up” Recognition of Taiwan as a separate country offends china Greg mastel oct 9 2003 http://www.newamericancentury.org/Taiwan-20031009.pdf “as anyone” and “fta with Taiwan” Solving NK problem impossible without good relations David shambaugh sept 1 2005 FT “few, if any” and “global disruptions” Failure of 6 party talks causes a Korean war James E. Goody feb 4 2005 http://www.brookings.edu/views/op-ed/goodby/20050204.htm “at the end of the day” and “in northeast asia” Korean war = extinction Pat fungamwango oct 25 1999 Times of Zambia (Lusaka) Africa News “If there is one place today” and “an apocalypse on earth” Counterplan : Call them Taiwan, not ROC heres more ev Strait Times 7/10/04 “Ms Rice then reiterated “ and “its handling of Taiwan” 2. plan has no chance of solvency- china will rejct the CBMs if the acknowledgment of a sovereign Taiwan state is a requirement. That's the 1nc glosserman ev CP ev US dept of stat july 05 “Taiwan has lobbied strongly” and “sovereign state” ROC is de facto sovereign Economic Expert.comp. p. http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Republic:of:China.html ”The Republic of China” and “Hong Kong, and Macau” and “while the term” China constsist of 22 provinces, including Tibet and Mongolia and 2 special administrative regions including hong kong and macao Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 6th ed 2005 http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0857291.html “China comprises 22 provinces” and “status in 1999” Block Strategy: 1NR: Topicality Interpretation: all answers don’t apply, put pressure on the island Taiwan, but can’t call it Republic of China, all evidence is based on it, Taiwan belongs to china- Fairness jurisdiction and education AT: w/m part of china 1. Taiwan is part of mainland, but ROC is not. Extra topical AT: part of Above AT: UN proves 1. AT:C/I 1. explodes limits on or directed to –anything that pertains to China, pressuring Japan would be topical 2. extra topical- directed to, calling it the ROC is not PRC, separate entity 3. ground- ROC, can’t predict spec ground, can’t make arguments about indepednece they will spike out of that AT: reas 4. not reasonable- Taiwan would be but they go outside literature 5. reas is not objective 3. solves limits, infinite expansion 4. definition mos treasonable AT: no case 1. CX answers- talk about Taiwan talk about government of Taiwan, plan could have been topical if didn't say ROC 2. not part of china AT: extra t 1. disproves the resolution cant vote for them 2. ground arguemtsn can’t access increase in ground 3. only prepared to debate resolutioin not predictable AT: lit demands 1. arbitraryr 2. evidence ssays should call it Taiwan 3. CP checks AT:CP checks 1. unfair have to do theory and other things AT: sever 1. strat skew b) shouldn't have to run CP to get to ground zero AT: self-servig 1. limits and ROC not part of china 2. balance of a precedent, what you justify in round AT: C/I must spec part china They don't meet Solve all offense because pressure Counterplan n/u- even CIA calls it Taiwan not ROC emp denied more evidence X 2. plan no chance- will reject CBMS, glosserman evidence 3. will kill relations, 4. US dip interactions- US st department calls it 5. sanctions check- then have to accept it. They say china hates Taiwan 1. hate in context of ROTaiwan, 2. good to be consistent and call it Taiwan, stable advocacy 3. ev specific delinated Dispo/PICs 2nr Strategy: Same as 1NR Boston College CS Neg Round 1 Shirley Vs Team: Catholic PS Judge: Jim Lyle Case Args: Sudan 1. No bomb – no scenario for nuclear war. 2. No African war to nuclear war. 3. Never escalate Africa news 2004 4. Deusche no evidence says solving cenocide can solve No impact timeframe 5. not complict 6. consequences. Pakistan Answers 1. China limited arms transfers to Pakistan. 2. China uses Pakistan to Balance India. 3. Cap Market Sanction = decreases cooperation with US. 4. Increases Weapons Transfers to Pakistan. Solvency Answers 1. No solve – go through others. 2. No solve – go through hong kong 3. Empirically Capital Market Sanctions Fail. 4. Oil $ Turn Sanction on Oil $ = Percieved as war act against China. Leads to Global nuclear war. 5. Sanctions fail 3 reasons Hon Kong US Backlash China Relations 6. Unilateral Sanctions Fail Off Case Args: Nationalism Hu has political capital 2002 1. US pressure increases nationalism 2005 2. Hu must avoid clashing with old guard. Hu reform key to ensure power Weak civilian control decrases control over the military. Leads to nuclear war St Louis Dispatch 2005 Biz Con US economy high now Greenspans from Reuters, 11-3 Capital Markets will destroy biz con 2002 “financial institution” “on targeting companies” Biz Con is key to the economy Haig 93 “provide investment” Nuclear war. Mead 92 Politics ANWR won’t pass in conference budget reconciliation bill because of opposition by House republicans. Edie News, 11-11 http://www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp?id=10768&channel=0 “The drilling in the publically-owned Alaskan park would have been…that includes the Arctic Refuge.” Pressuring is key to PC Brooks, October 28, 2005 (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette) “Third, repair relations with Capitol Hill. Congress dominates all second terms…it’s possible that Mr. Bush, learning from President Regan, can, too. Impacts ANWR causes worldwide species loss. Star Tribune, March 19, 2002 “As the Wilderness Society argues…own special places?” Impact is extinction Elrich 98 “But just because some functional groups…no redundancy” Counterplan Anti-dumping is outdated and unfair – repaling would lead to cooperation. Ikenson, 3-7, 2005 http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/briefs/tbp-022.pdf “U.S. antidumping policy toward China…services liberalization.” Engaging China on Sudan is more effective than sanctions. Lyman, July 21, 2005 http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_07_21_22wrts/lyman_princeton_wrts.pdf “Finally, the United States should begin to engage China…happening any time soon.” Competition. Disads to capital markets. Engagement is the only way to get cooperation – pressur eis counter-productive Thomson 2002 Block Strategy: ANWR Extensions GOP leaders will bring up ANWR in the conference bill. Cincinnati Post, 11-10, 2005 “Still, removing the Arctic oil drilling…budget package” ANWR will appear again in the conference bill but GOP moderates will kill it again. NYT, 11-11 “Mr. Blunt said the Budget committee…opposed to the drilling.” ANWR will be included in the final conference bill. Energy Washington Week, 11-9, 2005 “To avoid almost certain defeat…the conference agreement” 2nr Strategy: Boston College CS Neg Round #1 Shirley Vs Team: Catholic SP Judge: Lyle Case Args: Sudan answers 1. no scenario for nuclear war 2. no escalation Africa News 04 3. Impact evidence is bad doesn’t assume aff and no timeframe 4. CP solves complicity 5. Consequentialism key to rational beings Pakistan answers: 1. China limiting arms transfers to Pakistan now 2. China uses Pakistan to balance India 3. Cap Mkt Sanction decreases cooperation with the US, inc weapon sales to Pakistan Solvency 1. No solvency for others 2. No solvency – go through Hong Kong 3. Empirically Cap Mkt Sanction fail 4. Oil $ turn 5. Sancytion on Oil perceived as act of war by China 6. global nuclear war 7. sanctions fail: hong kong, US backlash, China retaliation (trade war) 8. Unilateral sanctions fail Off Case Args: Nationalism (as per caselist) Biz Con (Econ increasing Reuters 11-3, Biz Con key Haye 93, Mead 92) Politics (ANWR Bad: Species): Wake observer got cites CP: engage about plan, and repeal antidumping law if China cooperates Block Strategy: Pltx / Bix con / CP: kicked nationalism Boston College CS (Chung & Sullivan) @ Liberty vs. Women’s Rights Topicality: economic pressure = sanctions USFG = government, not personal demands Counterplan: The USFG should consult Japan over whether to do the plan – Japan will be given an up or down veto that the US will abide by. Kazuhisha, Japan Quarterly, 9-99 Lind, International Security, Vol. 99 No.1 – Summer 2k4 Roy, Asian Affairs, vol. 31 no. 2 Ciricione, Joseph, Foreign Policy, 3/22/2k Disadvantages: Nationalism Hu has PC to get appointments (Reuters, 9/29/2k5) HR pressure weakens HU (Eric Cheuer = “Shifting winds in China: how far can Beijing go?” Pacnet 38 B Appointments key to civilian control on military (Nikkei Weekly 9/5/2k5) Weak CMR = aggression (Eslehar “will political liberalization of mainland China reduce risk of violent conflict in the Taiwan Strait” April 5) Nationalism = nuke war (St. Louis Dispatch, 7/2k5) T-Bill: China will not sell off US treasury bills in the SQ. (Washington Post, September 10, 2k5, p. factiva “China will not sell large … according to state economists.” Increasing economic pressure on China will cause it to sell off US t-bills (Halligan, The Telegraph, June 19, 2k5 “Krugman’s analysis highlights … much more protectionist already.” Treasury bill sell-off will destroy the US and global econ (same cite as above “That sounds familiar…the global recovery going”) Relations: US working with China now on NK (International Hearld Tribune, Sept 22, 2k5 “Analysts say and officials … win-win situation” Sanctions are perceived as US bullying (Frieman, 2k4 China, Arms Control, and Nonproliferation p. 183, “finally, the United States continues … its values on China” Solving NK is impossible w/o good Sino-US relations (Shambaugh, Financial Times, 9/1/05 “few, if any, relationships … produce global disruptions Implementation of the Joint Statement will prevent NK collapse (Toronto Star, Sept 24, 2k5 “A predictable master … for Dear Leader” NK regime collapse cause nuc war (Bennet and Hachigian, January 31, 2k4, International Herald Tribune “NK takes military action … militarily to restore order”) BC CS Neg IPR @ GSU WTO Answers Doha failure will undermine WTO credibility Business Line, August 12, 2005, p. Lexis “Hong Kong must set the stage” US has filed a WTO case challenging EU subsidies to Airbus American Society of International Law, June 7, 2005, http://www.asil.org/insights/2005/05/insights050607.html WTO Airbus ruling will crush its credibility Garten, Newsweek, April 4, 2005, p. lexis WTO case would alienate China and reduce cooperation on NK and Doha Economic Intelligence Unit, 8-3-2005 pfactiva “Doha round of WTO talks” Nationalism Links Pacific Affairs, September 02, “China will exert greater efforts to enforce” Central News Agency, March 8, 2005, “rising nationalism shape beijing’s current thinking” Chinese Economy Answers Chinese economy will grow at 9.2 % Financial Times, 9/9/05 lexis “ADB economists said” FDI to china increasing Preeg 2005, http://www.uscc.gov/hearing/2005hearings “FDI then increased sharply” Alt Causality Fishman, 2005, Hearings, “no enforcement of intellectual property rights in china” IP Theft will not harm the innovation of Chinese companies because they will be protected by the Chinese government and courts Shenkar, 05 The Chinese Century, p. 86 Turn: Counterfeiting sustains the Chinese economy by providing cheap goods, technology, and bymaking Chinese firms competitive Fishman, 2005, How the rise of the next superpower challenges America and the World, p. 236 Turn: Cracking down on piracy will cause massive unemployment and social unrest, undermining political stability Shenkar, 2005, the Chinese Century, p. 88 Solvency answers WTO pressure will fail to motivate China to improve IPR Hung, 2003, Asia Pacific Business Review, Autumn, p. 75-6 Local governments won’t enforce laws Pei 2005, FNS, “local governments are heavily involved” No solvency – increasing enforcement in china will cause counterfeiters to move to other countries Mendenhall, 04, Hrgs, “Pirates have also become globalized” Evidence to prove a WTO case is not avaible yet Technology Daily July 18, 2005, pfactiva “Mendenhall said” Bringing a bad case will harm China’s compliance with WTO rules Yu, 05, IP Law and Business, September 1, pfactiva Turn US leadership US will lose the case Yu Losing hurts US credibility Shaffer, 05 www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/hela/papers/pub-priv-teubingen-new.doc Tarnishing US trade credibility decreases overall us global leadership Scwartz & Sykes, 02 The Journal of Legal Studies, p. 179 “linkage exists between credibility” Competitiveness Answers US Will remain leader US Newswire, Feb 28, 2005, “lower borrowing costs” US not losing its high technological lead to China, Imports from China are all low tech machines which we used to import from other Asian countries The National Journal, July 30, 2005, “Computers, fax machines” US business won’t see higher revenues because Chinese consumers can’t afford to buy the gods Fishman, 2005, China Inc: How the rise of the next superpower challenges America and the world, p. 246 No solvency for competitiveness—other factors more important than piracy Harris, 2004, Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, Fall, “managerial and manufacturing failures” BSA exaggerates costs of piracy The economist, may 21, 2005, p. 69, Bill Gates chirped BC CS neg Round # 4GSU Vs. aff: Emory CL CBMs aff Judged by: Spring Case Args: Deterrence Olympics Solve Taiwan say no Heg solves war China wont attack Etc Relations – India impact Nationalism Topicality On 2NR Strategy Topicality On Cal Berkeley Cal Berkeley All Pre Shirley CHINESE POLITICS A – UNIQUENESS HU HAS FULLY CONSOLIDATED HIS POWER – USING IT FOR ECONOMIC REFORMS NOW Dallas Morning News 10/16/05 B – LINK HU HAS TO BALANCE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CALMING POLITICAL OPPOSTION – PLAN CAUSES GOVERNMENT COLLAPSE Dallas Morning News 10/16/05 THE PLAN CAUSES A TRADEOFF – POLITICAL CAPITAL FINITE LAMPTON 2001 – PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS SAME BED DIFFERENT DREAMS, PAGE 281-282 C – IMPACT 1. CHINESE LEADERSHIP KEY TO ASIAN STABILITY Wu Xinbo 2005 – Center for American Studies @ Fudan University Shanghai 2. IMPACT IS NUCLEAR WAR Kennedy 2000 – Prof History @ Yale Daily Yomiuri, 1-10 NATIONALISM DISAD EXTERNAL PRESSURE CAUSES CHINESE NATIONALISM ZHA ET AL 2000 – PROF’S POLI SCI JAPAN, HONG KONG, AND NEW ZEALAND U CHINA INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY, PAGE 113 C – IMPACTS 1 – WESTERN BASED NATIONALISM SPREADS OUT OF CONTROL AND CAUSES REGIME COLLAPSE ONG 2002 – PROF CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY UNIVERSITY OF HULL CHINA’S SECURITY INTERESTS IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA, PAGE 178-179 2 – PRC COLLAPSE CAUSES ASIAN NUCLEAR PROLIF YEE AND STOREY 2002 – PROF IR @ HONG KONG U AND DEAKIN U 3 – NUCLEAR WAR CIRINCIONE 2000 (FOREIGN POLICY 3/22) RELATIONS DISAD B – LINKS 1 – AGGRESSIVE DIPLOMACY FEEDS THE SECURITY DILEMMA AND CAUSES AN ESCALATING CRISIS IN US-CHINA RELATIONS JOHNSTON 2003 – PROFESSOR OF CHINA IN WORLD AFFAIRS @ HARVARD INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, VOL 27 NO 4, IS CHINA A STATUS QUO POWER, SPRING 2 – ECONOMIC PRESSURE IS VIEWED AS A FUNDAMENTAL SECURITY THREAT ONG 2002 – PROF CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY UNIVERSITY OF HULL CHINA’S SECURITY INTERESTS IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA, PAGE 149-150 C – IMPACTS 1 – COOPERATIVE US-CHINA RELATIONS SOLVE TERRORISM, WMD’S, CRIME, ENVIRONMENT AUTHORITARIANISM, NORTH KOREA, TAIWAN, PAKISTAN, DISEASE, ENERGY, ECONOMY, AND GLOBAL WARS GARRETT 2003 – DIRECTOR ASIA PROGRAMS ATLANTIC COUNCIL OF THE UNITED STATES US CHINA RELATIONS IN THE EARLY TWENTY FIRST CENTURY, PAGE 76-77 2 – ASIAN INSTABILITY CAUSES NUCLEAR WAR KENNEDY 2000 – PROF HISTORY @ YALE DAILY YOMIURI, 1-10 3 – TURNS THE CASE – RELATIONS CONFLICTS SPILLOVER – PRESSURE MAKES US-CHINA CONFLICT INEVITABLE DENG AND WANG 2005 – ASSOCIATE PROF’S POLY SCI @ NAVAL ACADEMY AND GEORGIA TECH CHINA RISING, PAGE 115 SUDAN 1NC T ECONOMIC PRESSURE A – INTERPRETATION. ECONOMIC PRESSURE IS THE TANGIBLE USE OF THE TOOLS OF ECONOMIC STATECRAFT AS NEGATIVE ECONOMIC LEVERADGE DIRECTED TOWARDS AN ISSUE WITHIN THE PRC ECONOMIC PRESSUE IS NEGATIVE ECONOMIC LEVERADGE DAMROSCH 1989 – PROF COLUMBIA LAW SCHOOL AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, POLITICS ACROSS BORDERS, 83 A.J.I.L. 1 THE TOOLS OF ECONOMIC STATECRAFT INCLUDE A VARIETY OF TANGIBLE MECHANISMS OHAEGBULAM 1999 – PROF INT’L AFFAIRS @ U SOUTH FLORIDA A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, PAGE 333 ON MEANS DIRECTED AGAINST AMERICAN HERITAGE 2000 – http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=on ON TRADE EMBARGOES ARE PLACED TO BLOCK A STATE FROM EXPORTING ITS GOODS TO ANOTHER COUNTRY OHAEGBULAM 1999 – PROF INT’L AFFAIRS @ U SOUTH FLORIDA A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, PAGE 333-344 UNITED STATES TRADE EMBARGOES ARE UTILIZED TO PREVENT THE TARGET FROM TRADING WITH THE UNITED STATES Alan Einisman, Minnesota Journal of Global Trade Winter 2000 B – VIOLATION. THE PLAN PLACES AN ECONOMIC EMBARGO TO MAKE CHINA GET ON BOARD NEW SUDAN HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES, NOT CHANGE A CURRENT STATE OF ACTION THE ECONOMIC PRESSURE OF THE PLAN IS DIRECTED ON SUDAN NOT CHINA RELATIONS 1NC LINK PUTTING AN OIL EMBARGO ON CHINA WOULD CAUSE A WAR Toshi Yoshihara Research Fellow at the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis and Richard Sokolsky Distinguished Research Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies, Winter/Spring 2002 COUNTERPLAN 1NC A – TEXT: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD ENTER INTO BILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA OVER THE ISSUE OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE HORN OF AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST. THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBMIT A RESOLUTION TO THE UNITED NATIONS AUTHORIZING THE AFRICAN UNION MISSION IN SUDAN TO USE FORCE TO PROTECT CIVILIANS AND SUPPLEMENTING THAT FORCE WITH TROOPS, FINANCIAL AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT. B – NET BENEFITS: 1 – PRESSURE FAILS - ENGAGING CHINA IS KEY TO SOLVING THE CASE AND FUTURE CHINESE US RELATIONS Michael Ranneberger - Ambassador, assistant secretary, Africa Bureau - JULY 28, 2005 (FDCH) 2 – ENGAGING CHINA OVER SUDAN CAUSES CHINESE CHANGE IN SUDAN POLICY Financial Times 3/22/05 3 – THE US SHOULD SUPPLEMENT THE AU THROUGH THE UN Jim Lobe, Bureau Chief for Inter Press Service "Rights: US Hosted Sudan's Spy Chief Amid Darfur Killing" May 24, 2005 4 – ENGAGING CHINA AND SUPPLEMENTING THE AFRICAN UNION SOLVES GENOCIDE IN DARFUR Washington Post 4/11/05 5 – ENGAGEMENT IS KEY TO PROMOTE LONG TERM COOPERATION ON ALL ISSUES Cha 1999 – PROF GOVERNMENT @ GEORGETOWN ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 47 AFRICA ADVANTAGE 1NC 1. NO AFRICA WAR IMPACT – A – NO EXTERNAL ACTOR WOULD INITIATE A NUCLEAR WAR IN AFRICA LIKE DEUSCH DESCRIBES B – THEIR EVIDENCE ASSUMES A LACK OF DEMOCRATIZATION WHICH IS NONUNIQUE Michael Ranneberger - Ambassador, assistant secretary, Africa Bureau - JULY 28, 2005 (FDCH) C – ETHIOPIA CREATES HORN CONFLICT David Shinn – prof of IR, GWU and Fmr. Department of State Deputy Chief of Mission at the US Embassy in Sudan and Joshua Eisenman - co-editor “China and the Developing World” 10/13/2005 http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&issue_id=3491&article_id=2370338 D – ARMS RACE NON UNIQUE Carolyn Bartholomew US/China Economic and Security Review Commission 7/28/2005 (FDCH) 2. AFRICAN WAR INEVITABLE BBC 9/30/05 3. CHAD DOESN’T SPILLOVER – IT’S A DOMESTIC PROBLEM AND OTHER ISSUES OUTWEIGH Zoellick – deputy secretary of state and Sen. Lugar - 9/28/05 (FNS) 4. NO RISK OF VIOLENT CONFLICT – FRANCE AND THE US INTERVENE IN CHAD, POLITICAL GROUPS ARE IN DISARRAY AND THE COUNTERPLAN INCREASES RISKS OF SOLVING THIS BECAUSE OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIANISM Africa News 10/5/04 5. NO SOLVENCY – THEIR EVIDENCE ASSUMES POLITICAL ISSUES NOT CONFLICT RESOLUTION Africa News 10/5/04 SOLVENCY 1NC 1. PRESSURE FAILS A – RUSSIA AND ZIMBABWE BLOCK SOLVENCY The Post and Courier 5/9/05 B – FRANCE AND GERMANY Eibner and Jacobs American Anti-Slavery Group 3/18/03 http://frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=6703 C – INTERNATIONAL RESISTANCE Sen. Lugar 9/28/05 (FNS) 2. TURN DEVELOPMENT A - CHINESE INVESTMENT SPURS DEVELOPMENT IN THE HORN David Shinn – prof of IR, GWU and Fmr. Department of State Deputy Chief of Mission at the US Embassy in Sudan and Joshua Eisenman - co-editor “China and the Developing World” 10/13/2005 http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&issue_id=3491&article_id=2370338 B – TURNS CASE Zoellick – deputy secretary of state - 9/28/05 (FNS) 3. SUDAN WONT REACT TO PRESSURE THE ECONOMIST 10/15/05 4. TURN RUSSIA A – STOPPING CHINESE SUPPORT INCREASES RUSSIAN ARMS SALES David Shinn – prof of IR, GWU and Fmr. Department of State Deputy Chief of Mission at the US Embassy in Sudan and Joshua Eisenman - co-editor “China and the Developing World” 10/13/2005 http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&issue_id=3491&article_id=2370338 B – TURNS CASE – RUSSIAN WEAPONS ARE BETTER Toshi Yoshihara Research Fellow at the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis and Richard Sokolsky Distinguished Research Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies, Winter/Spring 2002 Fletcher Forum of World Affairs Journal 5. TURN ASIAN WAR A. BLOCKADING OIL CAUSES IT LA Times 7/17/05 B. GOES NUCLEAR Kennedy 2000 – Prof History @ Yale Daily Yomiuri, 1-10 6. OTHER COUNTRIES FILL IN FOR SUDANESE OIL International Special Reports 01 (http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/africa/01/sudan/energy_mining/) ZIZEK K Robinson and Tormey 2005 – PhD, School of Politics, and Prof Politics and Critical Theory @ U Nottingham A Ticklish Subject? Thesis Eleven, No. 80 Robinson 2005 – University Nottingham Theory and Event, 8:1, January, “The Political Theory of Constitutive Lack: A Critique” Robinson and Tormey 2003 – PhD, School of Politics, and Prof Politics and Critical Theory @ U Nottingham ‘Did somebody say “Leninism”?: Zizek and Revolution,’ http://homepage.ntlworld.com/simon.tormey/articles/Zizeklenin.pdf Robinson 2005 – University Nottingham ‘The Politics of Lack’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Vol. 6 p.259-269 CONSULT AUSTRALIA SOLVES Malik-Professor of Security Studies at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies in Honolulu-‘5 www.apcss.org feb. Genuine consultation is critical to alliance cohesion AAP NEWSFEED 7/27/01 CANBERRA, July 27 AAP - Two good mates get together for a chat Alliance Cohesion is key to regional and global stability---solves multiple scenarios for international conflict. Gnehm-Visiting Professor of International Affairs at George Washington-‘1 Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 55, No. 2 History is on our side---Australia will say yes Edwards-Visiting Fellow at the Australian National University-‘1 Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 55, No. 2 CHINESE POLITICS LINK – PRESSURE OKSENBERG AND ECONOMY 1999 – SENIOR FELLOW @ HOOVER AND DIRECTOR ASIA STUDIES COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS CHINA JOINS THE WORLD, PAGE 36 CHINESE POLITICS LINK – HU GOOD – POLITICAL CAPITAL FINITE DENG AND WANG 2005 – ASSOCIATE PROF’S POLY SCI @ NAVAL ACADEMY AND GEORGIA TECH CHINA RISING, PAGE 225-226 CHINA POLITICAL CAPITAL FINITE LAMPTON 2001 – PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS SAME BED DIFFERENT DREAMS, PAGE 281-282 CHINESE POLITICS – POLITICAL CAPITAL LINK LAMPTON 2001 – PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS SAME BED DIFFERENT DREAMS, PAGE 309 CHINESE POLITICS INTERNAL – DOMESTIC POLITICS S/O FOREIGN POLICY LAMPTON 2001 – PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS THE MAKING OF CHINESE FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY IN THE ERA OF REFORM, PAGE 151-152 CHINESE POLITICS LINK – FOREIGN POLICY – FOCUS / DOMESTIC TRADEOFF LAMPTON 2001 – PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS SAME BED DIFFERENT DREAMS, PAGE 78 CHINESE POLITICS LINK – GOOD – TURNS RELATIONS LAMPTON 2001 – PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS SAME BED DIFFERENT DREAMS, PAGE 308 CONSULT CONGRESS 1 – SOLVES THE CASE. CONGRESS SUPPORTS PRESSURE ON CHINA SUETTINGER 2003 – BROOKINGS FELLOW BEYOND TIANANMEN, PAGE 426 POLITICS. BUSH MUST CONSULT CONGRESS TO AVOID MASSIVE DISRUPTIONS OF THE AGENDA SUETTINGER 2003 – BROOKINGS FELLOW BEYOND TIANANMEN, PAGE 425 RELATIONS. CONSULTING CONGRES IS CRITICAL TO MAINTAINING A ROBUST RELATIONSHIP WITH CHINA MYERS OKSENBERG AND SHAMBAUGH 2001 – HOOVER FELLOW, PROF IR STANFORD, PROF POLY SCI GWU MAKING CHINA POLICY, PAGE 39-40 BUSH LINK – GOOD – TOPIC SUETTINGER 2003 – BROOKINGS FELLOW BEYOND TIANANMEN, PAGE 426 ENGAGEMENT COUNTERPLAN C – NET BENEFITS 1 – PRESSURE FAILS MYERS OKSENBERG AND SHAMBAUGH 2001 – HOOVER FELLOW, PROF IR STANFORD, PROF POLY SCI GWU MAKING CHINA POLICY, PAGE 87 2 – ENGAGEMENT IS KEY TO PROMOTE LONG TERM COOPERATION ON ALL ISSUES CHA 1999 – PROF GOVERNMENT @ GEORGETOWN ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 47 3 – ONLY THE COUNTERPLAN SOLVES THE RELATIONS DISAD POLLACK 2003 – PROF ASIAN STUDIES @ NAVAL WAR COLLEGE US CHINA RELATIONS IN THE EARLY TWENTY FIRST CENTURY, PAGE 32-33 ENGAGEMENT LINK / CP SOLVES – DON’T PRESSURE CHINA POLLACK 2003 – PROF ASIAN STUDIES @ NAVAL WAR COLLEGE US CHINA RELATIONS IN THE EARLY TWENTY FIRST CENTURY, PAGE 32-33 ENGAGEMENT CP – SOLVES FUTURE TRADE EXPECTATIONS AND THE CASE LI 2003 – SENIOR LECTURER IR @ LIVERPOOL U CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY, ED ZHAO, PAGE 42-43 ENGAGEMENT CP – SOLVES NATIONALISM DISAD ZHA ET AL 2000 – PROF’S POLI SCI JAPAN, HONG KONG, AND NEW ZEALAND U CHINA INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY, PAGE 100-101 ENGAGEMENT CP – CHINA CALLS THE US’S BLUFF*** DENG AND WANG 2005 – ASSOCIATE PROF’S POLY SCI @ NAVAL ACADEMY AND GEORGIA TECH CHINA RISING, PAGE 225 NO SOLVENCY – CHINA DOESN’T RESPOND TO PRESSURE DENG AND WANG 2005 – ASSOCIATE PROF’S POLY SCI @ NAVAL ACADEMY AND GEORGIA TECH CHINA RISING, PAGE 225-226 US pressure on China isn’t supported by our Asian allies Sutter 2005 – Professor of Asian Affairs @ Georgetown Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, China’s Rise in Asia, Occasional Paper Series HUMAN RIGHTS NEG – PRESSURE DOESN’T SOLVE LAMPTON 2001 – PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS SAME BED DIFFERENT DREAMS, PAGE 140 ENGAGEMENT CP – HUMAN RIGHTS PRESSURE FAILS – NOT CREDIBLE LAMPTON 2001 – PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS SAME BED DIFFERENT DREAMS, PAGE 254-255 NONPROLIF NEG – SANCTIONS FAIL JING DONG 2003 – SENIOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATE CENTER FOR NONPROLIFERATION STUDIES CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY, ED ZHAO, PAGE 171 NONPROLIFERATION PRESSURE FAILS – US SELLS TOO MANY WEAPONS ITSELF ROSS 1999 – PROF POLY SCI BOSTON COLLEGE ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 193 2NC ENGAGEMENT CP – CHINA SEEKS COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES – ALL ISSUES*** POLLACK 2003 – PROF ASIAN STUDIES @ NAVAL WAR COLLEGE US CHINA RELATIONS IN THE EARLY TWENTY FIRST CENTURY, PAGE 72-73 PROMOTES SUSTAINED LONG-TERM RECIPROCAL COOPERATION ON ALL ISSUES CHA 1999 – PROF GOVERNMENT @ GEORGETOWN ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 47 ENGAGEMENT SOLVES LONG TERM COOPERATION AND SUCCEEDES FROM A POSITION OF STRENGTH ROSS 1999 – PROF POLY SCI BOSTON COLLEGE ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 183-184 PRESSURE CAUSES MISPERCEPTIONS AND HOSTILE CHINA – ONLY ENGAGEMENT SOLVES LONG-TERM US-CHINA COOPERATION ROSS 1999 – PROF POLY SCI BOSTON COLLEGE ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 184 ENGAGEMENT SOLVES – BINDS CHINA TO INTERNATIONAL NORMS THROUGH DOMESTIC INTERESTS ROSS 1999 – PROF POLY SCI BOSTON COLLEGE ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 184-185 ENGAGE CP AND LINK – HUMAN RIGHTS – AT PRESSURE SOLVES – TURNS CASE YEE AND STOREY 2002 – PROF IR @ HONG KONG U AND DEAKIN U THE CHINA THREAT: PERCEPTIONS, MYTHS, AND REALITY, PAGE 217-218 ENGAGEMENT CP – SOLVES HUMAN RIGHTS MARSH AND DREYER 2003 – PROF POLY SCI @ MIAMI U AND FELLOW @ FPRI US CHINA RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY, PAGE 39-40 ENGAGEMENT CP – CHINA COOPERATES ON NON-PROLIFERATION JING DONG 2003 – SENIOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATE CENTER FOR NONPROLIFERATION STUDIES CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY, ED ZHAO, PAGE 151 AT ENGAGEMENT CP PERM – COERCIVE POLICIES ARE VIEWED AS CONTAINMENT JOHNSTON AND ROSS 1999 – PROFS SOCIAL AND POLY SCI @ HARVARD ENGAGING CHINA, PAGE XIV-XV POLITICS A. India deal will require political capital but will pass now Business Recorder 05 (7/28) B. Bush’s political capital is stretched thin due to Hurricane Katrina – he must save the remainder of it to ensure passage of the US-India nuclear agreement Business Standard 9/13/05 Rightly or wrongly, the slow response to Katrina is being seen primarily as a federal failure, particularly of C. Pressuring China drains Bush’s poltical capital LAMPTON 2001 (PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS SAME BED DIFFERENT DREAMS, PAGE 337-338) In the realm of legislation, in addition to passing laws, members of Con¬gress can flood the legislative in- D. US-India nuclear cooperation agreement is critical to US-Indian relations which prevent terrorism, proliferation and instability in Asia Burns, Under Secretary for Political Affairs 05 (Nicholas, 9/8, http://www.allamericanpatriots.com/m-news+article+storyid-12590.html) The United States now has a window of opportunity to seize the initiative with India, to build bonds and E. Terrorism risks extinction Yonah Alexander, professor and director of the Inter-University for Terrorism Studies, 8/28/03 (Washington Times) Last week's brutal suicide bombings in Baghdad and Jerusalem have once again Nuclear deal will require significant political capital The Hindu 05 (7/21) The language of the joint statement would allow India room to negotiate on specific issues. For instance, it speaks of signing and adhering to "an additional protocol" with respect to civilian nuclear facilities which Bush will need capital to pass India nuclear agreement Asia Times 05 (http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/GH12Df01.html, 8/12) Massachusetts Democratic Congressman Edward Markey authored the amendment. "Why should the US-Indian relations are critical to prevent interstate conflict in Asia Blackwill, US Ambassador to India, 03 (Robert, http://www.state.gov/p/sa/rls/rm/16884.htm, 1/27) Peace within Asia -- a peace that promotes freedom and prosperity - will be advanced by the transformed Strong US-Indian relations are key to solve India-Pakistan conflict Perlmutter, Professor of Political Science at American University, 00 (Amos, Washington Times, 9/12) An American strategic partnership with India, the largest democracy in Asia, which is becoming Asia's TAIWAN NEG US diplomacy effectively constraining Chen in the SQ---China appeased Sutter- professor of Asian Studies at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University-6/16/05 www.csis.org/pacfor Chinese perceives U.S. deterrent is both capable and credible Ross-Professor, Department of Political Science B.C.-‘2 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v027/27.2ross.html Navigating the Taiwan Strait: Deterrance, Escalation Dominance, and US-China Relations Strategic ambiguity maintaining the peace—US policy shift collapses balance O’Hanlon-senior fellow at the Brookings Institution-2K CAN CHINA CONQUER TAIWAN? Brookings.edu Status quo deters Chinese aggression---Independence assures war Ross-Professor, Department of Political Science B.C.-‘2 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/international_security/v027/27.2ross.html SQ solves---US policy key Sutter- professor of Asian Studies at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University-6/16/05 www.csis.org/pacfor Abandoning balanced approach to Taiwan undermines Sino-US relations Swaine-Senior Associate Carnegie Endowment for International Peace-‘3 http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1417 12/7 Tilting US policy towards Taiwan collapses Sino-US relations and causes asian instability Swaine-Senior Associate Carnegie Endowment for International Peace-‘4 http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1511 4/21 Economic interdependence prevents war Economist 1/13/05 http://taiwansecurity.org/News/2005/Economist-130105.htm Economic integration reduces risk of conflict Bush-Managing Director American Institute in Taiwan-‘2 http://www.brookings.edu/views/speeches/bush/20020403.htm WTO will diffuse conflict Oxley-chairman of the Australian APEC Study Centre-‘3 Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 57, No. 1 ENGAGEMENT CP – MORE 1 – PRESSURE ON IPR UNDERMINES US-SINO RELATIONS AND DEVASTATES IMPLEMENTATION OF PROTECTIONS OKSENBERG AND ECONOMY 1999 – SENIOR FELLOW @ HOOVER AND DIRECTOR ASIA STUDIES COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS CHINA JOINS THE WORLD, PAGE 195 2 – US BILATERAL NEGOTIATION AND ASSISTANCE FOR CHINESE IPR PROTECTION IS KEY TO EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS SIPO 2005 – STATE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE OF THE PRC WHITE PAPER ON IPR PROTECTION, 4-27, http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo_English/ndbg/bps/t20050427_45415.htm 2 – US BILATERAL NEGOTIATION AND ASSISTANCE FOR CHINESE IPR PROTECTION IS KEY TO EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS SIPO 2005 – STATE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE OF THE PRC WHITE PAPER ON IPR PROTECTION, 4-27, http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo_English/ndbg/bps/t20050427_45415.htm 3 – CHINA IS LOOKING FOR COOPERATION AND SEEKS TO COMPROMISE ON TRADE ISSUES SINHA 2003 – PROFESSOR GLASGOW UNIVERSITY SINO-AMERICAN RELATIONS, PAGE 187-188 EMBARGO NEG A. Uniqueness-High-level diplomacy diffusing US/European tension over the embargo in the SQ. Saalman-The Power and Interest News Report-4/5 http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_printable&report_id=287&language_id=1 B. Link-The plan collapses US/European relations. Archick-Specialist in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, Congressional Research Service-4/5 European Union’s Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/45458.pdf C. Impact-Relations are key to global stability Ikenberry, professor at Georgetown U, 2001 (John, “Strengthening the Atlantic Political Order” The New Transatlantic Agenda: Facing the Challenges of Global Governance. Ed. Gardner and Stefanova, p. 18-9) Only the counterplan can establish a collective system of export controls to limit key transfers of military technology---the plan undermines this approach and collapses US/European defense cooperation. Aerospace Industries Association 5/5 http://www.aia-aerospace.org/issues/subject/wp_china_0505.pdf. Now is a key time to build a transatlantic partnership on Asia policy---only the counterplan can build the infrastructure for sustainable export controls. Gill, Freeman Chair in China Studies Center for Strategic and International Studies-3/16/05 Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Lifting of the EU Arms Embargo on China Strong transatlantic dialogue is vital to crafting effective china policies. The plan shatters the frame of cooperation. Gill- chair in China Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies-9/6/05 The International Herald Tribune EU has and will continue to place strong limits on military exports to China Austin-Director of Research at the Foreign Policy Centre in London-5 The 1989 China Arms Ban: Putting Europe’s Position to Congress http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/444.pdf INTERNET NEG A. Uniqueness---China loosening up on censorship regulation. Shaw ‘4 USC Annenberg Online Journalism Review http://www.ojr.org/ojr/business/1017967553.php 1. Anti-censorship focus disempowers PRC reformers undermining political liberalization. Kalanthil-associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace-‘3 Foreign Policy 3/1 2. Pressure on censorship causes human rights crackdowns Kalathil and Boas-associates Information Revolution and World Politics Project at Carnegie Endowment-‘1 HTTP://WWW.CARNEGIEENDOWMENT.ORG/FILES/21KALATHILBOAS.PDF 3. Restrictions on internet investment undermine democratic reform San Francisco Chronicle 9/18/05 U.S. tech giants are helping the Chinese express themselves online -- as long as they don't write about democracy, C. Liberalization will solve Internet censorship LEMON 2004 HTTP://WWW.PCWORLD.COM/NEWS/ARTICLE/0,AID,116278,00.ASP Berkeley BW Neg Vs Emory CL Aff Quarters, Shirley Economic integration creates restraints against use of force Glaser, American Foreign Policy Interests 23, 2001 On the positive side, trade and investment… change in the status quo. Economic CBMs spillover Xinjian, 1997 http://www.stimson.org/pubs.cfm?ID=175 CBMs in Asia have already expanded beyond… CBMs in other fields. Non-military CBMs increasing Press Trust of India, 5-3-2005 China on Tuesday announced major confidence… visit the mainland since 1949. Informal contacts easing tension International Crisis Group, Sept. 2005, Asia Briefing No. 42, www.crisisgroup.org China’s recent positive initiatives… government dialogue remained. Maritime hotline in the SQ Allen, 1999 http://www.stimson.org/japan/pdf/cbmapstraits.pdf Maritime safety measures… twenty-four hours a day. Steady increase in CBMs in the status quo Glosserman, 2002 http://www.csis.org/pacfor/issues/v05n02_ch1.cfm Although the subject isn’t usually framed… break out by miscalculation. Loss of political capital crushes CBM implementation Desjardins, 1996, p. 47 Domestic politics… in treaty form. Plan causes PLA backlash Glaser, American Foreign Policy Interests, Vol. 27, 2005 China officially proposed the establishment… Affairs in the 1990s. More ev Chen’s reelection for another… rejects one China. Carrier shift U no carrier- it’s viewed as incompatible with warfare in the information tech age Ji 2005 china brief vol 5 issue 4 2-15 “not compatible with warfare in the IT age” and “will emerge” More ev Ji “not compatible with the PLA’s” and “leadership attention” Ji again “elsewhere, ian storey” and “displays of power.” Nationalism impacts- PLA won’t get on board Glaser- CSIS 04 http://www.csis.org/isp/Taiwan/cbm_glaser.pdf ‚unless tension“ an d“mitigated through CBMs“ CBMs flame nationalist setiment Huaqiu 97 http://www.stimson.org/pubs.cfm?ID=175 Weak CBMs won’t spillover—backsliding turns the case Desjardins 96 Adeplphi Paper 307 p 43 “maintaining interest” and “completely unravel” Rethinking Confidence-Building Measures: Obstacles to agreement and the risks of overselling the process. Implementation failures turn the case Desjardins again “the successful application of CBMs” and “its CBMs partner” Berkeley BW Neg Round # 8 Shirley Vs Team: Harvard KM Judge: Pomorski Case Args: Adv 1 1. no impact bird flu low risk hunter 05 2. it’ll burn out US news 05 3. increased sanitation and infrastructure solve [x] 4. no mutation [x 05] Adv 2 1. unique link: deficit decreasing to firm control on spending – plan kills China’s macro-economic strategy Global Newswire 1-18-05 China’s Finance Minister Jin … laid off due to China’s industrial reforms. 2. collapse in fiscal discipline kills china econ Bird et al 2004 “China’s Fiscal System: A Work in Progress,” November, www.economics.utoronto.ca/brandt/China’sFiscalSystem_Oct12.pdf 3. spending is zero sum; plan trades off with water issues Nankivell 2005 China Brief Vol 5 No 17 Water issues in China are evolving … Shanghai is a very real possibility. 4. water shortages collapse government [x] Nankivell 2005 China Brief Vol 5 No 17 As water shortages impact and restrict … several injured and hospitalized. 5. alt causes 11 of them [x] 6. Chinese democracy coming now [x 04] 7. alt caus fake drugs [x 03] Solvency 1. global trafficking kills solvency [x 04] 2. research constraints kill CITES enforcement [x] 3. trade pressure kills solvency [x 99] 4. status quo solves [x] Off Case Args: P-Spec (case list) Must specify form of economic and diplomatic pressure Economic statecraft has lots of mechanisms [x] Violation: must specify in the plan text Limits: infinite mechanisms Ground: enormous topic, this guarantees links Voting issue, esp. if 2ac clarifies T on On = directly against Not direct pressure Limits: all multilateral institutions explode topic Ground: indirect avoids CP Coercion Machan 83 Fundamental to existence Machan Violation of property rights invalidate plan [x] Plan is illegitimate, you cant vote for it [rand 66] Relations (case list) High now Aggressive diplomacy escalates security dilemma and causes relations crisis [x] Unilateral economic pressure destroys relations [x] US-China relations key to global stability [x 03] Goes nuclear [Kennedy 2000] Bizcon (case list) Econ high now [Bloomberg 11/3] Sanctions cause uncertainty [Yang 04] Sanctions decrease market growth [crippen 99] Key to economy [braithwaithe 04] CP (read by Berkeley RG against Harvard AR) Text increase bilateral cooperation with China and Solves the case, more effective [Waters 02] Solves civil society better [x 03] Block Strategy: 2NC Biz con Not going for it… concede biz con low now and no link to animals Reasons for recession now are alt causes to case Solvency Global markets – big market in Africa they don't solve and Russia [x] and south American [x] And resource constraints are impossible to overcome and impossible to capture thos einb lack market – their ev is about CITES solve not their plan Thr plan increases demand but doesn't assume trade increase – no amount of pressure can stop profitable black market – [x] and rhino market [kerry 99] and tiger proves [kerry99] and [kerry 99] and penalties insufficient [x] and societal and culture change [x] and economic incentives solve without trade bans [x] Relations They say no impact but 1nc garrett solves all impacts of case (a) leads to stability and civil society and (b) borders 14 other countries… escalate to global nuclear war – they cant so no nuclear winter because their 1ac impacts are nuke war to extinction and textiles something [x] they say no link to SARS but all their cx args not in the 2ac – plan singles out china and we have a time specific link argument (a) upcoming summit key [x] (b) resuming pressure undermines reform, link turns all their reforms [stratfor from three days ago] and the impact is nuclear war [x in 96] and straight turns state collapse [japan times 05] and Clinton was different it was a bilateral threat that didn't actually go to CITES mechanism [x] and something else [x] and CITES tied to larger trade sanctions [x 94] and CITES sanctions spill over [x 00] and North Korea and SARS prove [x] they say no spillover but our stratfor ev answers—only cause of govt problems they say inevitable – takes our solvency doesn't affect link they say protectionism inevitable but no [x] and bush solves protectionism [x] and no sanctions now despite congressional rhetoric [x 05] and relations stabilized now despite pressure [x] and engaging over IPR not pressuring [x] and cooperation can only occur in a world without CITES 1NR Coercion not going for it… concede util CP Conceded key arguments – we solve the case They say permute but cant be net beneficial links to both the DAs They say norms key but only CP solves [Waters 02] and incorporating lacy act solves problems [x] They say conditionality bad but best policymaking, best critical thinking, time skew inevitable, reciprocal with perms, attack from multiple perspectives, at worst reject cp, they get 9 min of offense v squo They say demand but only cp changes demand calculations [x] They say perverse incentive but we don't, we create norms and avoid backlash [x 05] Cooperation key to solve the case [Waters 02] They say civil society but we create it They say sanctions key but they can occur in the status quo, not unique to plan They say CITES, we institutionalize Adv 2 Chinese politics – group it Concede uniqueness – China not spending now OECD 2005 Organization for economic cooperation and development, Economic survey of china, 9-16, www.oecd.org Break in discipline increases Bird et al 2004 “China’s Fiscal System: A Work in Progress,” November, www.economics.utoronto.ca/brandt/China’sFiscalSystem_Oct12.pdf In general, both earmarking … than budgetary revenues. Spills over Bird et al 2004 “China’s Fiscal System: A Work in Progress,” November, www.economics.utoronto.ca/brandt/China’sFiscalSystem_Oct12.pdf The existence of such huge … banquets and karaoke bars, etc. Conceded water wars takes out case solvency and kills a bunch They say civil society but that's long term and doesn't specifically solve and requires fiscal discipline [x] and spending spills over [x] and plan specifically cut [x] They say Hu corruption but our ev says reform inevitable and more evidence [x] and growth will be sustainable [x] They say spending on disease now Extend alt caus 11 diseases and transportation cant solve these Extend NGO cooperation inevitable in the status quo… solves the case Adv 1 Extend no risk of influenza and more qualified at most 200 people will die and government preparing and takes out internal link to every advantage And extend that bird flu will burn out – infrastructure being built up 2nr Strategy: Engagement CP + Relations DA Berkeley BW Neg Round #6 Shirley Vs Team: Northwestern BC (Internet) Judge: Symonds Case Args: FREE SPEECH Ignore intolerable – Hospers 82 No value to hate speech – Free speech not absolute – Delgado 95 “extreme cases even if” “one value” SOLVENCY Let corportations off hook – “normative development” “human rights corpus” “destructive court behavior” Nazi bad – turn into shit – Hufbauer 03 Case 1NC: ATCA is a hollow hope – communications scholars should reject their attempts to universalize the ATCA at the expense of individual litigants Van Schaack, Vanderbilt Law Review, November 2004 This Essay then discusses…. Social and economic problems. CORP AGGRESSION Reform now – Branson 01 MNCs backlash Plan doesn’t change way business operates – 04 Not open up China – X Off Case Args: Framework – Must Defend the Plan T – on the PRC Trade DA Relations DA 1NC T On Must increase directly on the PRC On = only object E.P. = aimed at economic destruction Only pressure on US companies Allow pressuring any country 1NC Relations DA ATS suits threaten US-Sino relations Bradley, Chicago J of I-Law, 2001 Perhaps these costs… achieve their ends. continues… More importantly… even more likely. Impact turns the case Slaughter, 2001 http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/atca/2001/altjust.htm It is unlikely that civil litigation in U.S…. cause of human rights. Engagement better than litigation @ human rights Slaughter, Foreign Affairs, 2000 A second set of pressures… responsible development. Block Strategy: 2NC Relations – AT: Pressure Now: Bush blocking pressure on the Internet Boot, Pittsburgh Tribune Review, 9-18-2005 The conduct of Yahoo… so many bras. No internet pressure due to market access CNN, 9-15-2005 Let’s be clear… hurting e-commerce. No real pressure now – mutual cooperation is sustainable and heg solves case Jisi, Foreign Affairs, Sept/Oct 2005 The United States is currently… antagonizing the United States. Human rights litigation is a flypaper – it undermines social movements and marginalizes the actual victims of abuse Van Schaack, 2004 Thus, litigation must remain… bear on the process. 2NC trade AT: Trade Causes Abuses Free trade not the cause of abuses – sanctions devastate the ethic of universal rights Dorn, Cato Journal, Spring/Summer 1996 The proper function of government…. Radicalize those in power. Sanctions outweigh all else Mueller/Mueller, Foreign Affairs, May/June 1999 As Cold War threats have… current policy of strangling Iraq. Plan chills future direct investment in China Hufbauer, Awakening Monster: The Alien Tort Statute of 1789, 2003, p. 40 Adverse ATS decisions… range of $4,000. US FDI key to growth – democracy and peace USCC, July 2002 http://www.uscc.gov/anrp02.htm China’s foreign trade has skyrocketed… Pacific and world economies. Trade turns the case – causes bottom up pressure for human rights Dorn, 1996 A better alternative is to let markets… elusive in China. ATS suits threaten developing world economies Hufbauer, 2003 ATS suits will damage target… $100 billion. Turns the case – accountability Slaughter, Foreign Affairs, 2000 This newfound power… rich and poor alike. Plan collapses global economy USA Engage Press Release, 2003 http://www.usaengage.org/press_releases/2003/20030724%20iie%20ats%20study.html The proliferation of class action… developing world. WTO collapse turns corporate aggression Branson, Pitt Law Review, Summer 2001 It is different this time around… collective action problems. 2nr Strategy: Corporate Aggression Trade Relations Solvency Free Speech Berkeley BW Round 4 Shirley Vs. aff: Samford MR Judged by: Case Args: On observation one: Can’t solve all sex trafficking, no internal link Turn: Democracy coming now Plan collapses transition Turns case On ob two: Util Key No impact to Korean instability Turn: Six party talks solve Plan crushes talks Disarmament prerequisite to human rights On ob three: African wars make refugees inevitable No internal link, leadership change required, we’ll always be leader Relations Disad Same as casebook Biz Con Disad same Refugee K Engagement Counterplan Engage in bilateral talks and give assistance for legislative and electoral reform P-Spec Gotta spec the p on dip pressure T Economic pressure = sanctions Block Strategy Kicked K, Pspec, T, 2NC went for CP, Relations; 1NR went for Case, Biz Con 2NR Strategy Relations; kick out of counterplan; went for biz con Berkeley BW Neg Round # 1 Shirley Vs Team: Macalester (Space Militarization) Judge: Holbrook Case Args: 1. no risk china space mil x 2. no risk space race x 3. space mil doesn't cause crisis x 4. impossible Hodgkins 02 x 5. (a) key position warfare (b) key to hege 6. no china mil Sullivan x 7. space mil key to hege Miller x 8. key to hard and soft power x 9. nuclear war Kzad 95 10. space key US leadership x 2000 11. no impact x 99 12. key power projection Spencer 2000 13. conventional weapons fail McCarty 2000 14. arms control in space fail x 2000 Off Case Args: Aspec Specify types of pressure Mult types of diplomacy [x] Statecraft is wide mechanism Aff must spec Time Limits Infinite mechs Ground Specific DAs Aff conditionality Key strat Vi T econ pressure: tangible use of the tools of economic statecraft as negative economic leverage excluding threats of economic pressure and conditional concessions Damrosch 1989 (Prof Columbia Law School, American Journal of International Law, Politics Across Borders, 83 A.J.I.L. 1) The negative version … would be much larger Excludes threats Aff not tangible sanction Limits explodes topic Ground CP and DA grnd Core debate unpred advs explodes topic Vi Biz con Econ high now Bloomberg News 11-3 (quote.bloomberg.com/appse/news?pid=10000006&sid=a6a5CbfguHDY&refer=home) Yang, US Economic Sanctions Against China: Who gets hurt?” www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2004.00640.x 04 Yet the Cold War … the United States and China. Kills biz con Crippen, director of the CBO 1999 (The Domestic Costs of Sanctions on Foreign Commerce, www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=1133&sequence =2) Bizcon collapse ? recession Braithwaithe Australian Research Council Federation fellow, Australian National University, and chair of the Rgulatory Institutions Network, March 2004, The Annals of the Academy of Political and Social Science, 592 Annals 79 The challenge of designing institutions … see also Barbalet 1993). Chinese politics Hu consolidating power now… key to appointments Asia Times 9-14-05 Domestically, Hue has matters … also play a big part. THE PLAN CAUSES A TRADEOFF – POLITICAL CAPITAL FINITE LAMPTON 2001 – PRESIDENT NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON US-CHINA RELATIONS SAME BED DIFFERENT DREAMS, PAGE 281-282 Hardline PLA causes nuclear war Nikkei Weekly 9-5-2005 Even so, the country’s … will gather further momentum. Relations AGGRESSIVE DIPLOMACY FEEDS THE SECURITY DILEMMA AND CAUSES AN ESCALATING CRISIS IN US-CHINA RELATIONS JOHNSTON 2003 – PROFESSOR OF CHINA IN WORLD AFFAIRS @ HARVARD INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, VOL 27 NO 4, IS CHINA A STATUS QUO POWER, SPRING Unilat econ pressure destroys rels Reinsch 2005 2005 Report to Congress, Dissenting View, 11-9, www.usc.gov The Report’s tilt… to achieve progress. 1 – COOPERATIVE US-CHINA RELATIONS SOLVE TERRORISM, WMD’S, CRIME, ENVIRONMENT AUTHORITARIANISM, NORTH KOREA, TAIWAN, PAKISTAN, DISEASE, ENERGY, ECONOMY, AND GLOBAL WARS GARRETT 2003 – DIRECTOR ASIA PROGRAMS ATLANTIC COUNCIL OF THE UNITED STATES US CHINA RELATIONS IN THE EARLY TWENTY FIRST CENTURY, PAGE 76-77 2 – ASIAN INSTABILITY CAUSES NUCLEAR WAR KENNEDY 2000 – PROF HISTORY @ YALE DAILY YOMIURI, 1-10 Cp USFG should engage bilateral negotiations over a prohibition on [space tech stuff] enforceable via verification provisions Conclude for CP lewis 04 Block Strategy: CHINESE POLITICS (2NC) Not nationalism DA; hu pol cap finite, solves incentive to militarize space 2ac 1 They concede that HU appointments will get through now And no impact to nationalism link turns [x] 2ac 2 Kagan ev is too old, assumes no MFN… that's sticks and carrots, but now we have that, evidence is about Jiang regime… transitions already occurred [x 05]… 2ac 3 Space conflict now answered on relations Issue spec U: appointments now 2ac 4 We straight turn this arg: plan causes hostile PRC, leads to space mil ENGAGEMENT CP They Say: Conditionality Bad 1. policymaking 2. increases crit thinking 3. time skew inev 4. T and DAs distort time too 5. Condit doesn't distort time: development 6. no impact advocacy or arg responsibility 7. neg strategy flex key 8. multiple perms check 9. aff side bias 10. reject cp They Say Vagueness we spec engagement over specific planks of plan… reason to vote against plan 2ac 3 their next ev is solvency for CP: China would accept concession / compromise… that's the CP… more evidence from their author [Lewis, The Minimum Means of Reprisal, 2004 online] 2ac 4 they say pressure solves better but CP turns case: satellite concessions key… their evidence again [Lewis, The Minimum Means of Reprisal, 2004 online] 2ac 5 this evidence is horrible… china will call our bluff on pressure Weng 05 Lewis author concludes neg 2ac 6 Cp solves transparency… dialogue key to effectiveness of threats [x]… especially over space [x] They are not a NFU pledge on nuclear weapons, so none of their offense applies their author [Lewis, The Minimum Means of Reprisal, 2004 online] 2ac 7 Permutation links to relations, undermines fabric of relations RELATIONS 2ac 1: relations low Till ev 1nc relations high now… and no pressure now [x 05]… no sanctions now [x 05]… textiles stabilized trade relations [x 05]… 2ac 2 Currency wont pass 2ac 3 Engagement Cp answered… collapse not inevitable… security dilemma 1nc ev china overreacts which causes US overreacts and other 1nc ev from three days ago outweighs any risk of offense… spills over only scenario for nuclear war Kenndey 00 outweighs the plan Specific link from their author [Lewis, The Minimum Means of Reprisal, 2004 online] 2ac 4 Plan is the same… [05] Biz Con 2ac 1 Concede ev that econ is high and its irrelevant… stable [AFP today] Concede issue spec U that bizcon high And no offense they don't solve budget deficit 2ac 2 Group their link turns; chilling effect Yang 04… sanctions loss in the short term [yang 03]… Extend impact Timeframe Lewis ev turns case no world of space cooperation defer to magnitude Relations (1NR) Pressure at minimum now [x] Yuan Impact is global nuclear war [x] T Concede extra T is voting issue even if threat is economic pressure unilateral declaration of space disarm is not, proves limit explosion, infinite advs from unilat concessions to China Not T: only enforcement mech if China agrees to treaty, not actually force China to go to treaty, allows any effect on China, unpredictable for the negative, allows bidirectional pressure and incentives Still extra T t/s incentives about diplomacy not diplomatic pressure, incentives not pressure, must be coercive diplomacy… evidence [x 02] … threat gender paraphrased ev indicates withdrawal of trade.. they are still positive and bidir, explodes topic, infinite amount of aid, kills link turn grnd, link turn all our DAs, point of topic is negative ground counterinterpretation is not exclusive and not spec to satellite data, infinite number of issues… topical version of aff is condition on China with punishment incentives should be CP ground [x 99]… brightline pressure different… must be sanctions… [x]… our interp better for ground… explodes limits, infinite actions they say threat is pressure… they don't economically isolate China so they don't meet… explained above, don't agree to sanctions they say overlimiting but we don't and its good increases education and incr pred and clash it doesn't kill core topic topic is pressure v. engage they moot dip pressure proves this is inevitable question is do we get our link args… can they be either/or causes bidirectionality in round abuse no sanctions bad args… potential abuse on objective way Sovlency Doublebind either its inevitable and they don't solve or its not and CP does No possibility of arms race… issue of leadership not weapons, so DA turns the case and no adv Space mil is impossible, US never can They say plan solves hegemony Our Link ev better and CP solves these args Cal Berkeley BW @ Gonz Round 6: Neg VS. Georgia State FL NONE DISCLOSED Cal Berkeley BW @ Gonz Round 2: Neg VS. Whitman College SS 1NC Arguments: 1nc args relations d/a nationalism d/a Tibet link http://www.country-studies.com/china/nationalism.html Engagement cp Good for human rights Yee T stropeq 2002 the china threat: perceptions, myths and reality pg 217-218 T framework T- diplomatic pressure and economic pressure Realism good Tiber isn’t physical genocide negotiations Sautman 2003 38 tex intl 2.5.173 Trade is a right Glassman 1998 www.freetrade.org/pols/briefs/tp6-001.html 2NR Strategy: framework, case , cp UC Berkeley GR Neg Round #5 Shirley Vs Team: Texas Dallas CS Judge: Hays Watson Case Args: - no chance for space conflict, no capabilities Off Case Args: Engagement Counterplan (CTBT) US-China Relations T Economic Pressure Chinese Politics DA Block Strategy: All 2nr Strategy: Counterplan and Relations Cal Berkely GR Neg Round # Shirley Vs Team: Whitman BM Judge: Case Args: Off Case Args: Relations Engagement All in the case book Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Berkley GR Round # 1 Shirley Vs. aff: Vermont KH Judged by: Hester Case Args: AT: Terror Talk Elshtain 03 “Just war on terrorism” MacFaul 02 Heritage Foundation Realism Good Mearshimer, Murray Labelling Uighurs on Terror list good Gostev 02 Thenationalinerest.com Disad Relations Casebook Topicality Pressure Casebook Framework casebook Block Strategy all 2NR Strategy Cal Berkeley GR @ Gonz Round 4: Neg VS. Idaho State DY NONE DISCLOSED Round 5: Neg VS. San Francisco State MN NONE DISCLOSED Cal Berkeley GR @ Gonz Round 1: Neg VS. Southern California BI Affirmative: MTCR 1NC Arguments: Engagement CP CTBT Ratify Military to Military Cooperation Export Controls Nationalism D/A Ong 2002 “ China’s Security Interests in the Post Cold War Era” Yea and Stokey 2002 “The China Threat” Cirincione 2000 “Foreign Policy 3/22/05” Relations D/A Garrett 2003 “Strategic Straitjacket” Taylor 2005 Politics- India Nuclear Deal Political Capital needed But will Pass (Biz Recorders 7/28/05) Political Capital Finite but Sufficient (Biz SStandard 9/13?05) Pressure kills Political Capital (Lampton 2001) Cooperation Key to US/India Relations- Impact is Terror (Burns 2005) Block Strategy: All But Nationalism 2NR Strategy: CP with Relations Round 3: Affirmative: IPR 1NC Arguments: Will to violence Kapeller 95 Nayar 99 T increase T econ spec T on direct Block Strategy: Kappeller T increase 2NR Strategy: Kappeller Cal Berkeley GrRe @ Gonz Round 6: Neg VS. Puget Sound BH NONE DISCLOSED Cal Berkeley GrRe @ Gonz Round 1: Neg VS. CSU Fullerton HP NONE DISCLOSED Berkeley LS Neg Round 8 Shirley Vs Oklahoma CJ Judge: Topp Case Args: Gradualism (reform coming now) Pressure=more repression Internet freedom coming Sanctions immoral Universal human rights are wester--> imperialism Off Case Args: Framework Pressure spec Relations DA Engagement CP Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Berkeley LS Neg Round # 6 Shirley Vs Team: USC NL Judge: Dutcher Case Args: Status quo solves bird flu International coop Xinhua 11-7 Regional coop AP 11/7 Vaccines Xinhua 11/7 Ag Monitor Xinhua 11/7 Regulations AP 11/7 No impact Garret 04 yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=3278 Off Case Args: Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Cal Berkeley LS Neg Round # 3 Shirley Vs Team: HAarvard AR Judge: ryan galloway Additional info Off Case Args: Engagement CP for CITES The United States Federal Government should promote bilateral cooperation with the People’s Republic of China in order to increase enforcement of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. This cooperation should include assistance for law enforcement training and education. At the next CITES convention the United States Federal Government should propose a special meeting to discuss the standardization of national wildlife enforcement laws, the adoption of Lacey Act principles, the identification and amendment of current customs laws in countries that have customs regulations which fail as predicate laws for purposes of the Lacey Act, the adoption of a “national ownership” of wildlife concept and an incentive structure to compensate any person or entity furnishing of information leading to an arrest, criminal conviction, civil penalty assessment, or forfeiture of property. CP solves case CP creates framework for env protection Wastters-Institute for Int’l Law University of Oslo 2002 14 Geo. Int’l Envtl. L. Rev. 489 “where states have an integrated market relationship” and “multi-dimensional strategy” Education nprograms key Waters again “education is one of the most crucial” and “reduction in demand” China stepping up cooperative CITES enforcement in the squo—will accept the CP China View 8/26/05 http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-08/26/content_3405562.htm “China has greatly improved its enforcement” and “participants in the seminar” CP = momentum for global enhancement of statutory protections and enforcement Kazmar 2000 6 UC Davis J Int’l L & Poly 105 “what follows is a discussion” and “more advanced legislation” Lacey Act globally solves law enforcement efforts Kazmar again “A CITES member conference” and “wildlife smuggles alike” Addressing the issue of predicate legislation will improve current enforcement Kazmar again “in order to serve as a predicate” and “the ESA” National ownership of wildlife concept will reduce global safe-havens Kazmar again “The Lacey Act and the agencies” and “no-safe-haven agreement” Cal Berkeley LS Neg Round # 3Shirley Vs Team: Harvard AR Judge: Ryan Galloway Case Args: AT: biodiversity 1. no impact, dallas morning news 2. extinction is locally contained 3. nature bounces back 4. keystone species focus fails 5. alt caus- pollution AT: Disease 1. alt caus- 11 alt causes Newman 2. ag outweighs the internal link 3. supervirus theory is flawed. 4. Adaptation solves AT: Solv 1. impossible to enforce 2. current laws solve 3. china solving now Off Case Args: 5 off Topicality- spec diplomacy Cites same as case list day 1 X Chinese politics Cites same as case list day 1 5 year Stratfor 11/10 “hardliners” “progressive politics” c) key to CCP control “education 2. causes war and asian prolif Impact nuke war Biz Con Cites same as case list day 1 A) econ up 11/3 B) threat econ sanctions- massive biz uncertainty Longterm for businesses Industry Impacts- recession Chinese Spending Cites same as case list day 1 Deficit decreasing, plan kills this B) CITES costs lots of money Lawrence Watters and Wang Xi 2002 Georgetown International Environmental Law Review “CITES requires funding and training” and “within the nation itself” Impact in fiscal discipline collapses growth- Turns the case Zang Impact is global war Engagement CP Cites same as case list day 1 text: cooperation international trade, law enforcement training. Bilat cooperation and assistance all occur before next convention immediately, then lacey act and other stuff is at the next convention. Cp solves case a) coop better than pressure waters 02 b) key to environment 03 c) china stepping up enforcement they’ll say yes to Cp d) momentum for global modeling 2nr Strategy: Biz con CP and case defense Berkeley LS Neg Round # 1 Shirley Vs Team: Wichita State CS Judge: Deatherage Case Args: Off Case Args: Pressure Spec Consult Australia Biz Con Chinese Politics (rich poor gap) ALL SAME CITES AS PRE-TOURNAMENT Cal Berkeley LS @ Gonz Round 6: Neg VS. Southern California LN Affirmative: MTCR 1NC Arguments: Engagement CP CTBT Ratify Military to Military Cooperation Export Controls Nationalism D/A Ong 2002 “ China’s Security Interests in the Post Cold War Era” Yea and Stokey 2002 “The China Threat” Cirincione 2000 “Foreign Policy 3/22/05” Relations D/A Garrett 2003 “Strategic Straitjacket” Taylor 2005 Politics- India Nuclear Deal Political Capital needed But will Pass (Biz Recorders 7/28/05) Political Capital Finite but Sufficient (Biz SStandard 9/13?05) Pressure kills Political Capital (Lampton 2001) Cooperation Key to US/India Relations- Impact is Terror (Burns 2005) T Substantial = 50% Coercion Block Strategy: Engagement CP Relations US-India Politics T Coercion 2NR Strategy: Engagement cp, relations and politics Cal Berkeley LS @ Gonz Round 1: Neg VS. Puget Sound JV Affirmative: North Korea 1NC Arguments: Politics – US India Nuclear Cooperation Deal Now Business Recorder 7/23/05 Political Capital low now Business Standard 9/13/05 Pressure decreases political capital Lampton 2001 Solves Terrorism Burns 2005 Extinction Alexander 2003 T in means throughout Pressure Spec Consult Australia CP Solves Case Malik 2005 Consult key to alliance AAP Newsfeed 2001 Alliance solves war Grehn 2001 US-China Relations High now Taylor 2005 Aggressive Diplomacy kills relations Johnston 2003 Econ Pressure kills relations ONG 2002 Impact: War Garrett 2003 Case Block Strategy: Politics Case Consult Australia Relations Pressure Spec 2NR Strategy: Consult Australia Case Western Case Western DD neg Round #7 Shirley Vs. aff: Rochester LW Judged by: Guevara, Veronica Case Args: 1. No solvency- that plan creates change or China abides 2. China will say no- 3. China says no- opposes US led reformX 4. China says no- sovereignty 5. Perception of X People’s Daily 6. Consequences matter- 7. Deont is hollow framework X 8. More flexible framework 9. Absolute right claims utopian and ineffective XGlendon 10. Util card- Bodeg? Nationalism Disad: Biz Con: American Exceptionalism Kritik Lynn 2002 Justifies military intervention and death X EU Counterplan Topicality Substantially 2NR Strategy Util good on case, EU CP, Biz Con, Nationalism Case Western DDNeg Round # 6 Shirley Vs Team: Georgia DM Judge: Anjali Vats Case Args: No Warrants to their internal links Sudan is not a genocide Enver Masud, 8/7/2004 “The situation in Darfur—deal for themselves” No internal link to Agamben- they are deploying a small frigate, they can’t solve the camp No evidence says that they can stop the genocide from occurring Small arms will overwhelm X 2004 US claims of Genocide in Sudan is just a pretext for further US led intervention to secure more oil resources Enver Masud, 8/7/2004 “The government of Sudan—soldiers or sex slaves” They will still get weapons from France/Russia Rick Mercier 2/21/2005, “The Free Lance Star” “Russia: According to a November—in Southern Sudan” The US wanted the conflict to begin, they trained the insurgents. Proves that conflict over oil interests and the sinister intentions of the United States Henning Rainer, 9/10/2005, “UN Darfur Vote Turns Scramble for Sudan’s Oil” “As the UN Security Council—actually helped create” Demands for ethical foreign policy draw Good/Evil distinctions and mask the American Imperial will Chandler 2003 (British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Volume 5 Number 3 pg 295-316 Off Case Args: T-All (Effects) Directed towards American Heritage Dictionary Pressure not on China FX Ground Voter for Fairness Topicality Pressure-Extra T Diplomatic Pressure is lobbying to support particular policies X 2003 Diplomatic pressure is not military pressure X 2003 Xtra T is bad Predictability Ground Voter for Competitive Equity Derrida Kritik A. Plan is a massive attempt to establish normality—its anything but pure B. Derrida, 2001 (On Cosomopolitan and Forigveness, Pages 31-32) Human rights are beyond the law—we cannot achieve forgiveness Derrida, 2001 (On Cosomopolitan and Forigveness, Pages 51-53) This forgiveness can never work to solve—it recreates the harms Derrida 2001 (On Cosomopolitan and Forigveness, Pages 32-33) DA-Investor Confidence Threatening China pushes them to stop investing in the US-we avoid threatening China in the status quo to avoid a pullout The Telegraph, 8/8/2005, “China has immense power in—protectionist already” US Economic pressure sparks Chinese reaction Michael May 1998, www.ciaonet.org/wps/mam02/index.html “Secondly, U.S. attempts—for such perceptions or both” The Impact=downturn, a global depression and war Mead 1998 Spanos The affirmative’s appeal to liberal humanism sustains violence Spanos, 1993 (Heidegger and Criticism: Retrieving the Cultural Politics of Destruction (p. 209-210) Their ontology reproduces war and allows for genocide Spanos 1990 (Boundary II, Summer of 1990, Pages 261-262) The alternative is to reject the affirmative, voting negative challenges the dominant order Spanos 2000 (America’s Shadow: An Anatomy of an Empire, No Page Number) “All of which is to say—and legitimacy” CP The European Union should increase economic and diplomatic pressure on the People’s Republic of China by embargoing all oil departing the Port of Sudan for the People’s Republic of China if the PRC does not immediately halt its oil imports and extraction from the Sudan. CP is not topical Competes thru net benefits Power and literature makes it predictable CP solves, US influence over China is crumbling while the EU is a superpower The Wall Street Journal, 8/16/2005 “US military superiority—lesser-order nightmares” Block Strategy: Kicks the DA- Do not reject us for running the DA, we engage your ethics Proves no offense from dumping T Bills Derrida K We indict your framework-you cleanse your magnitude The way you portray that framework allows us to continue Your attempt to establish “forgiveness” is interesting You don't solve mass atrocities We do not ignore human rights, our ontology allows us to create and re-examine the relationship with the other Overview The Plan is flawed—it closes off alternative voices You fail to recognize-the importance of knolwegde reproduction Framework-Your framework justifies American Interventionism Framework: Turns the entirety of the case The alternative solves back the case, because Imperialism is the root cause of genocide DAs do not link-its not US action Permutation is NOT LEGITIMATE They mask the violent will, this feeds my argument Krishna falsely contrains our new form of criticism Derrida, 1994 You don’t engage your own framework-you ignore the problems of American interventionism We just need to win that the plan is bad Political solutions embrace the structure of hegemony Spanos 2001 Case: 2nr Strategy Spanos and Case D: Case Western DD Neg Round #4 Shirley Vs Team: Iowa LS Judge: Barouche Case Args: --WTO bad --GMOs --Arms Sales --US Pressure Fails --China Can’t Enforce IP --Trade dependence = war Off Case Args: --Development DA -pressure imposes development model -extinction --Spanos -ontology first -=imperialism, IPR leads to cultural imperialism -T on Block Strategy: -Spanos and Case 2nr Strategy: -Spanos Case Western DD Neg Round 1 Shirley Vs Team: Kentucky SJ Judge: Kerry Coleman Case Args: No risk of China-Taiwan war Off Case Args: Extra-T – aircraft carriers aren’t diplomatic T Substantial Security K – Biopower impacdt Michael Dillon, Politics of Security, 1996 Lipschutz, 1995, On Security Campbell, Writing Security, US Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity, 1998 Block Strategy: K Extra-T 2nr Strategy: Extra-T Case Western DD Pre Shirley Negative arguments we’ve run so far: T –pressure = opposition Politics – immigration reform Politics – Indian nuke deal Dollar dumping DA (China dumps T-Bills) Biz Con Consult EU CP Zizek Kritik Security Kritik Spanos Kritik Agamben Kritik Foucault Kritik Case Western NP (Karim Noujain & Adam Probst) @ Richmond Russia: Interfax 2005 Legvold 2003 LA Times 2005 Totten 94 Johnston 2003 Neustraits Times Press 2004 India: Indian Express 2005 Holzman 2002 Holzman 2002 Blackmill 2005 Byline 2005 Linzer 2005 Indian Embassy 2005 Dugger 2002 Innerarcy [cnn.com 05, Lawmakers fight against China trade rule] Adv I. Dual USP [Forbes 05] [Forbes 05] [Crorin 05] Adv II. WTO militarizing world [Staples and Pemberton 2000] [Public Education for Peace Society 99] [Hartigon 05] Adv III. US Manufacturing [Koch 05] [Report to US Congress 03] [Walter Russel Mead 98] Solvency [House.gov 05] Fried Rice DA A. Ratnesar, 05 [Ratnesar et al., “The Cond. Doctrine,” Time, 8/15/05, Vol 166 Issue 7, p.36-41, 6p, 11c, L/N] B. Plishke 91 [Elmer, Contemporary US Foreign Policy, NY: Greenwood Press] C. ! 1. Cole 04 [Juan, Sept 9, 2004, “Cheney Implies Perpetual War, “Informal Comment, http://www.juancoke.com/2004_09_01_juancole_archive.html] 2. Chossudovsky 05 [Michael, “Planned US-Israeli Attack on Iran, “May 1, http://www.intowars.com.articles/terror/nuclear_terror.html] Nationalism DA A. China Reform Monitor 05 [American Foreign Policy Council, http//www.afpc.org/crm/crm580.shtml] B. 2hav 04 (Suishung, “The Political Dynamics of Chinese Nationalism,” FNS p.1/n) C. Washington Times 05 (http://washingtontimes.com/national/20050831-102439-9296r.htm) D. The Straits Times (Singapore) June 25, 2000 Retaliate DA 1. Civ 05 (Henry C.K., “Trade Wars Can Lead to Shooting Wars,” Asia Times, http://www.atimes.com/global_economy/GH20dj01.html) 2. Legrain 03 (Philippe, “The Coming Collapse of Free Trade,” http://www.philippelegrain.com/Articles/thecomingcollapse.html) 3.Ong 03 (Eng Chuan, “Anchor East Asia Free Trade in ASEAN,” Washington Quarterly, 26:2, p.57-72 (Lexis)) [White & Case, 05] [Froning and Schavey ‘01] [EAP Education Project, April 14th] [Ratliff and Garsotio ‘05] Misc. T—And = Both A—Definition: And Means Together along with (The American Heritage Dretravary of the English Language. Forth Edition 2000) T—Weapons Nonproliferation = only Nuclear A—Definition: of, relating to, or calling for and end to acquisition of nuclear weapons by additional nations: a nonproliferation treaty (same cite as above) International nuclear arming C/P text: The United States will provide every nation with a functioning independency nuclear arsenal complete with up to date Permissive Action links (PAL’s) C/P solvency 1: The counterplan increase survivability which increases crisis stability (Thayer Follow @ Center for Science and International Studies Harvard 95 Bradley Security Studies, 5, 149-163) 2. By creating transparency, the counterplan solves the invitation to preemption (same cite as above) Terrorist Solvency/Advantage arguments 1. Terrorists can by fissile materials from nuclear states (Harper 05 Liz. Staff writer for the Online Newsletter. “The Threat of Nuclear Terrorism.” May 2, 2005 taken from http://www.pbs.org/newhour/bb/international/proliferation/terrorist_threat.html//TT) 2. Pakistan has empirically sold nuclear material to the highest bidder (same cite as above) 3. Smuggling networks are viable means far terrorist as acquire nuclear weapons (same cite as above) 4. Statistic prove terrorist can obtain fissile material (same as last an first page) 5. Russian nuclear stockpiles are vulnerable to theft (same as above) Iran Salvancy/Advantage arguments 1. Were conventional deterrence fails, nuclear deterrence forces re-evaluations which promotes crisis stability (Kenneth Waltz, prof. Political Science @ U.C. Berkley 95. The spread of nuclear weapons: a debate 7.8) 2. Can not solve proliferation concerns while the Israel double standard exists (Ritter, Scott former head of UN weapons inspection team in Iraq 04 Aug 26. http://www.2mag.org/content/showarticles.cfm?section1D=22+item1D=6107) 3. The lack of disbarment moves and regional stability overwhelm the plan and cause prolif to happen (Chellany, Brahma prof @ Center for policy research. New Delhi 03 Revisity the Comprehensive Nuclear test Ban Treaty. www.globalbeat.org) 4. Israel will not use Nuclear weapons, non-nuclear retaliation deters their use (Beres, Louis. Proof. Political Science @ Purdue, 86 Security at Armageddon. 92) 5. Israel will not use Nuclear weapons, its proximity to target would be counter productive (same as above) Relative Disadvantage A. Despite recent tensions over trade, the US-Sino relationship is at a high point (Rick Thomas Ford, prof Chinese Politics @ U Wisconsin, Oshkosh. August 05 Policy Brief 10(2) www.fpif.org) B. The plan would worsen the relationship which has 2 effects 1. The plan does not solve since China would backlash against the plan 2. The plan would force China to sell off US securities causing a US recession and global recession (Tuttner, Robert, co editor of American prospect 05. Business week online March 14) C. This global recession would cause massive wars and deaths (Mead, Senior fellow @ council an foreign Relations, 98 Walter Russell LA Times August 23) Case RP Round # 7 Shirley Vs. aff: Trinity ML Judged by: ? Case Args: China will say no Concide intervention is revictimizing. North Korea Talks DA (caselist) Sanctions DA (caselist) Movements DA (Caselist) Politics (caselist) 2006 elections, tax cuts. EU CP (caselist) Topicality Human Rights (caselist Block Strategy politics movements sanctions case counterplan. 2NR Strategy Politics. Case RP Round 5 Shirley Vs. aff: Catholic KH Judged by: Lyle Case Args: Chi=No to Plan Intervene=imperialism=victimage inevitable Economy DA Link ev from adam smith Politics A. Dems will win 2k6 midterms- wash post 11/10 “democrats are” B. Plan boosts gop- st louis post dispatch “dollars are an explosive combination” C. Dems hate tax aberdeenews.com 11/12 “noted their displeasure” D. Tax cuts wreck the ol econ slate magazine 9/11/03 “chatter box’s distant hope” NK DA A. NK giving in now- Russian news info agency 11/9/05 “ready to meet their commitments” B. China key- csm 7/12/05 “alternated between extreme suspicion” C. China will reverse position lam 4/12/05 jamestown.org “rice’s unusually cold statements” D. Collapses NK CSM 9/22/05 E. Causes war international herald tribune 1/31/04 military…to avert” Kritik Y Eu Cp Eu key to china Johnson 05 “between 1992 and 2003” London stock exchange solves People’s daily “the public offering of Air China” Sft Pwr solves ask 2k4 The great powers of Europe “attitude overlooks the dimensions of European” Topicality On Topicality Y Block Strategy 2NR Strategy Case Western RP Neg Round 1 Shirley Vs. aff: Pittsburgh FW Judged by: Stevenson Case Args: 1. Revoking PNTR = trade war w/ China Rockwell May 24, 2000 www.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/china1.html 2. Protectionism = war Griswold 98 www.cato.org/dailys/12-31-98.html 3. US can’t hurt China’s economy without hurting the US economy worse Hsiung 03 www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_08_1_hsiung.pdf Politics Disad: A. Dems will takeover Congress in 2006 Washington Post 11/10/05 B. Pressure on China increases support for Bush and GOP St. Louis Dispatch 11/6/05 C. Dems win = reverse bush tax cuts waltman 11/12/05 aberdeen news D. Bush’s tax cuts key to economy Canto 1/29/04 National Review E. Us econ decline = nuke war Bearden Movements Disad: A. Global peace movement increasing now Independent 10/16/05 B. Plan = accommodation and demobilizes movement David Meyer Sept. 93 Political Research Quarterly p. 474 C. Only movements = structural change- turns case Paul Wapner April 1995 World Politics p. 312 EU/China Relations disad A.EU/China Relations high now Chinese Radio International 10/29/05 B.Trade Key to strong EU/China relations BBC Monitoring 3-19-05 C. High Relations = lift EU arms embargo Asia Pulse 7-8-05 D. Lift arms embargo = nuke war over Taiwan O’Hanlon 5-4-05 Irish Times Diplomatic Trade-off A. US focused on mediating Sudan conflict now Washington Post 8-2-05 Robin Wright B. Diplomatic Capital is finite- plan will trade-off with Sudan Anderson + Grewell 01 Chicago Journal of International Law C. US Diplomacy in Sudan Key to the peace process and preventing genocide International Herald Tribune 8-4-05 Rebecca Hamilton Counterplan EU will impose 40% tariffs on all Chinese imports until China agrees to cooperate on CTR with the US; because China depends on the EU for trade they will agree to the plan Topicality And = both; plan must increase both economic and diplomatic pressure Block Strategy 2NC- CP, solvency, politics, diplomatic trade-off 1NR- US/EU relations 2NR Strategy CP, US/EU Relations, Dip T Case Western RP Pre Shirley On the negative we have run politics (india deal), t-bills disad, chinese relations disad, diplomatic focus disad, eu counterplan Catholic Catholic All Pre Shirley T Arguments: Removing Uighurs from Terrorism List is not Pressure Economic Pressure = Sanctions Diplomatic Pressure = Negotiations (vs. Teams that don't mention any form of diplomacy in the plan) CP's: We have run Japan a few times with China specific Net Benefits (See DA's below) Our other CPs have been very specific i.e. we picked out of the economic pressure side and claimed relations as a net benefit. DA's: US-Sino Relations DA Nationalism DA EU/US relations Good DA(the link is off of sanctions over human rights Politics: Tax Cuts Bad and Immigration Bad stories K K of Human Rights Discourse (Mutua evidence) Global Governance (Dillon) Chinese Nationalism Uniqueness-Willu Lam 1-8-05 www.jamestown.org Link Cottam and Cottam in 2001 Impact-Record 2001/Aerospace Power Journal Billions die, Epoch Times US/Sino Relations Link-www.brookings.edu 2002 Impact-North Korea Impact-Taiwan Impact-Nationalism Impact-Iran We also run Triangular Relations: US/Sino/India A. THE TRIANGLE IS BALANCED NOW Karl F. Inderfurth and David Shambaugh, International Herald Tribune, July 19,2005 B. LINKS 1. HARDLINE ON CHINA CAUSES INDIAN BANDWAGONING John W. Garver, The China-India-US Triangle: Strategic Relations in the Post-Cold War Ear, October 2002 http://www.nbr.org/publications/analysis/pdf/vol13no5.pdf 2. THIS RUPTURES SINO-INDO RELATIONS Mohan Malik, India-China Relations: Giants Stir, Cooperate and Compete, Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies October 2004 C. IMPACTS 1. RELATIONS FAILURE CAUSES BORDER WAR Mohan Malik, Eyeing The Dragon: India's China Debate, Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, December 2003 2. IT GOES NUCLEAR Vijai K Nair, Foreign Service Journal October 2002 Catholic HJ@ Richmond RND 2 Aff- Case DN “revokes pntr” 1. NK and Iranian profit (dualuse) 2. WTO --> arms sales 3. American Manuf. 4. WTO kills ag 5. 2ac A.O:WTO --> GMO, crush biaf, = extinction INC T- Human rights unequal standards T- Diplo pr. Must have conditions India/China balancing DA w/border war --> nuke war Nationalism= generic Relations= generic Case= takeouts on dual use, am manufacturing, solvency Catholic HK Neg Round 7 Shirley Vs Team: Pepperdine SW Judge: Steve DAmico Case Args: 6 minutes of 1nc- Complaint won’t get to full WTO Xx China can’t comply with WTO rules anyway Xx Off Case Args: Indo-Sino-US Relations Disadvantage (In case book) US-Sino Relations Disadvantage Topicality- on= directed towards Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Catholic HK neg Round #6 Shirley Vs. aff: Trinity LM Judged by: Heather Barnes Case Args: K of Human Rights Representations Kritik Mutua “On China” Topicality Pressure Spec Vagueness Block Strategy T- On, K 2NR Strategy Catholic HK Rd 1 Shirley Concordia FF Guevara, Omar Case Args: Human are Western Kritik Savage Victim Metaphor Relations Taiwan Scenario Communicative Ethos K USFG is hypocritical on HIV Topicality Human rights does not include disease (aids) Block Strategy 2NC: T and Solvency Turns 2NR Strategy Catholic University HK (Koehl & Huntington) @ Liberty Topicality: Sanctions specification – must be either trade or financial Disadvantages: Nationalism US-China Relations Topicality Pressure must be on China On- Some dictionary Aff. Doesn’t apply on China Standards- Ground/Grammatical Precision/Prediction Their running this just like effects. T-Conditional enforcemnt? -Aff plan is conditional enforcement This doesn’t allow china to do anything other than comply This isn’t real world HR discourse K 1.) Victim Savage Saviour mentality is embedded in H.R. discourse (Mutua 01) “The Human Rights” “benighted cultures” 2.) This metaphor is used to commit violent acts against other (Muttua 01) “The impulses” “white mans burden” 3.) Creation of other in Western states allows for military takeover (Mutua 01) “ultimately” “on some issues” Mutua 01 Cite www.cev.hu/legal/universalism%20and %20local%20knowledge%20in%20HR%202003/makau_text.htm Catholic University JS (Shoupe & Jackson) @ Liberty Kritiks: Savage v savior metaphor (Matua 2k1) Disadvantages: US-Sino relations Chinese nationalism Triangle Relations: India, China, US Case Arguments: policy debate good Catholic PS Neg Round 6 Shirley Vs Team: James Madison GY Judge: Jason Mika Case Args: Pressure causes backlash Consequences matter (same as round 4) Off Case Args: T – pressure must be uniform T – economic pressure Engagement CP US/China relations Framework Block Strategy: Everything 2nr Strategy: T – Pressure Catholic PS Neg Round #4 Shirley Vs Team: Gonzaga BH Judge: McBride Case Args: --Consequences matter (Goldsmith 2002, Bok 1988) Off Case Args: --US-China Relations (same as Rd. 2) --T diplomatic pressure (same) --Utopianism – utopia = scapegoating (Stravakokis 99) --Politics is key (Isaacs 2002) Block Strategy: everything 2nr Strategy: Catholic PS Neg Round #2 Shirley Vs Team: Berkeley Judge: Stevenson Case Args: Fake Drugs: US China crack down now on drugs China Economy Net 9/05 India supplies drugs Enforcement not possible Competitiveness: Economy down now Businesses adapt Yu 05 Businesses protect themselves Yu 05 WTO Cred: Complaints fail Space (pressure link) Death Penalty Turn Solvency US will lose China cant comply Off Case Args: Relations T On T econ pressure Block Strategy: everything 2nr Strategy: T on Central Oklahoma Central Oklahoma BC @ GSU Jennifer Belding & Andy Casey Affirmative: IPR Negative: Cental Oklahoma BC Arguments: Campbell, Agamben, biopolitics; {“aporia Alternative: Hostile befor action. Chinese Nationalism Sanctions equals warefare and violence, seighe attack (Alban) Economy bad it leads to minitary spending. UCO DS Neg Round #?9? Shirley Vs Team: Pitt FW Judge: Sam Maurer Case Args: - US hegemony leads to imperialism - Forcing other countries to stop increase risk for arms race and war Off Case Args: Vagueness: - no complete advocacy - moving target - voter for fairness - encourages vague plan writing - no potential abuse - power used to shape is not necessarily evil Violence (disclosed): - Discourse and constructs of violence, legitimizes violence - Non-proliferation cannot solve violence, only a tool of violence - Only reinforces same power relationships - Teracide – what the fuck is that (apparently the destruction of earth, hahahaha) Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Violence K Central Oklahoma DS Round # Shirley Vs Team: Idaho State DY Judge: John Rief Case Args: Off Case Args: Stealing good Shouldn’t privilege authors Intellectual property is bad Read cards written by them They steal the aff and claim that it’s their idea, which is better than some authors Block Strategy: Stealing good k 2nr Strategy: Stealing good k UCO DS @ Missouri State Round 2 vs. UNI HM Xtra T T-Economic sanctions Nonviolence Aff reps of violence through consequence is an act of violence bc it treats individuals as a material aspect Susanne Kappeler, 1995, The will to violence: the politics of personal behavior “This means engaging…not our dearest.” Sanctions are violent Joy Gordon, “Using a pick axe for brain surgery: The ethics of economic sanctions and their predictable consequences” Kroc Institute Occasional Paper “Obviously there..machetes do.” Reps of actions as consequences of circumstances detach individual responsibility from the act of violence itself Kappeler, 1995 “A political morality…set of causes.” Must look at individual behavior Kappeler, 1995 “An analysis of…question of means.” Diplomacy = violent Deepak Chopra, Peace is the Way: Bringing War and Violence to an End “We cannot pretend…their only choice.” Alt: We must embrace the ethics of ahimsa to escape violence in our society Ahimsa creates a personal respect to stop extinction Nathaniel Altman, Nov 1991, The Nonviolent Revolution, pg 119-120 “Like the very…planet from destruction.” Ballot is key Kappeler, 1995 “A politics aiming..non-violent society.” Realism inevitable args prevent alternative policy args ensuring war and violence Robert Burrows, The Strategy of Nonviolent Defense: A Gandian Approach “There are some…dealing with conflict.” Violence is not inherent to human nature James Gilligan, Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic “Whey then, given…species from within?” Acceptance of human aggression crushes alts Ellen Goresevski, Peaceful Persuasion: The Geopolitics of Nonviolent Rhetoric “Contrary to popular…the critical mind.” Aff constructs the effects of nonviolence Kappeler, 1995 “What is striking…beings or things.” Focusing on war makes individuals powerless Kappeler, 1995 “War does not…always made elsewhere.” Round 7 vs. Oklahoma JL Makau- Cooperative Argument, Communication Ethics in the Age of Diversity, “Argumentation Instruction in the face of global perils”, Responsible communication: issues in business, industry, the professions, pg 32 UCO FS @ Missouri State Round 2 vs. KSU ER T-Increase- have to make a pre-existing policy larger T-USFG- mostly o-spec Nonviolence Violence everywhere Kappeler, 1995 “This means…our descent.” Diplomacy = violent Deepak Chopra, Peace is the Way: Bringing War and Violence to an End, pg. 190-1 “We cannot pretend…their only choice.” Sanctions = violent Gordon, 99, “Obviously there is enormous…machetes do.” Alt: We must embrace the ethics of ahimsa to escape violence in our society Ahimsa creates a personal respect to stop extinction Nathaniel Altman, Nov 1991, The Nonviolent Revolution, pg, 52 “Must of humanity…at this moment.” UCO HL @ Missouri State Round 2 vs. Kansas ST Engagement = biopower Zizek, Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle, pg. 52-66 “Where, then, do we stand…the warriors on terror.” Biopower bad Int’l Perspectives, www.geocities.com Alt.- do nothing Zizek, Same Source UCO HW @ Missouri State Round 6 vs. MSU RM T- econ pressure = sanctions Nonviolence K Aff reps of violence through consequence is an act of violence bc it treats individuals as a material aspect Susanne Kappeler, 1995, The will to violence: the politics of personal behavior “This means engaging…not our dearest.” Using term of pressure= violence Linda Bell, Prof of Gender Studies, 93, Rethinking Ethics in the Middle of Violence, pg 185-6 “Never the less…promised benefits.” Diplomacy is an act of violence Deepak Chopra, Peace is the way: Bringing war and Violence to an end, 1-18-05, pg. 190-1 “We cannot pretend…their only choice.” Alt- embrace ethics of Ahimsa Nathaniel Altman, Nov 1991, The Nonviolent Revolution, pg 119-120 “Like the very…planet from destruction.” Ballot is key Kappeler, 1995 “A politics aiming..non-violent society.” Clarion Clarion University AD (Ryan Adamiak & David Durney) @ Richmond RND 3 Aff- Mary Wash KL 1. SC solves HR improving—Matlbubani 05, GMU international affairs professor 2. No Solvency and turn- pressure fails, backfires, Wang 01, Oxford Professor 3. No solvency—US lacks to promote the treaty projection dooms plan Foot- 03 4. Turn- econ pressure causes a trader result HMN Rights Link, Westard, London 1999- pressuring HR reform will be politically costly for Sino-US relations Nationalism Disad: see caselist Biz Con Disad: see caselist 2NR Strategy: Nationalism, Biz Con, Case Turns Clarion Dz Neg Round # 7 Shirley Vs Team: towson DL Judge: Case Args: China is taking a stance against illegal small arms Xinhua General News Service 4-20-05 “china is willing to join hands with” AND illegal trade of small arms” China is commited to deal with illegal activities with small arms Space daily 9-5-05 lexis, “china issued a white paper Thursday” AND “the white paper says” China is not selling small arms US Fed News Service, disarmament workshop on small arms, 4-15-05 “The United Nations issued the following” AND “how to promote them” Off Case Args: The same strategy as before: T- pressure is negative sanctions Business confidence Nationalism CP: Exclude pressure- nationalism and Block Strategy: Everything 2nr Strategy: CP Nationalism Bizcon and case Clarion DZ Neg Round #6 Shirley Vs Team Florida State RR: Judge: Icazarry Case Args: Internet regulations not bad Status Quo solves Sanctions hurt human rights Free Market 98’ http://www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=86&sortorder=articledate Off Case Args: Bizcon Nationalism Topicality- pressure Block Strategy: Everything 2nr Strategy: Bizcon Status Quo solves Clarion DZ Neg Round 4 Shirley Vs Team: Fort Hays cr Judge: Sam Nelson Case Args: 1. Finding fault in the world distances us from enlightenment. Zen buddhism teaches us that we must be enlightened and take responsibility for our actions. we are all responsible for our moral choices Debate should be a policy framework, a. a training ground for future policy makers b. only way to have competitive equity c. predictability d. a few levels, debate has activist potential, we can develop communcation and critical thinking that allows us to participate in democracy xxx ___xx e. education about issues in real world f. moving target China is improving on rights, Mohave 2005 Off Case Args: Topicality: a. plan doesn't impose economic pressures, no plan economic pressure = sanctions.blockade.embargo /any economic pressure on China – Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, 2003 B. plan empties resolution, no pressure or plan action is taken and they don’t value fiat. c. standards 1. moving target 2. ground 3. predictability 4. limits D. Topicality is a voter- key to fairness Nationalism with Taiwan war impact in case book Block Strategy: Extended all 3 positions as examples as to why the aff’s framework is bad for debate. 2nr Strategy: Same Clarion DZ Neg Round 2 Shirley Vs Team: Whitman CM Judge: Verney Case Args: SQ – US and China working to solve IPR issues Drugs – Disease can’t cause extinction WTO – Ag issues are collapsing WTO, can’t overcome Off Case Args: Biz Con Plan hurts economy --> Nuclear war Block Strategy: 2NC Biz Con 1NR Solvency Take outs 2nr Strategy: Heavy on Bizcon Clarion DZ Round # 2 Shirley Vs. aff: Whitman CM Judged by: Verney Case Args: Squo—Us and China working to solve IPR. Drugs. Disease can’t cause extinction. WTO- Agricultural issues are collapsing the WTO—can’t overcome. Biscon as disclosed. Block Strategy Biscon and solvency takeouts. 2NR Strategy Biscon. Clarion DZ Pre Shirley Clarion DZ and HN – NEG Schumer DA A. Bush will veto The Ledger 10-12-05 www.theledger.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051012/ZNYT01/510120408/1001/BUSINESS “that is a relatively tough…veto any such measure.” B. Schumer bill will be attached to the plan The Hill 7-27-05 www.hillnews.com/thehill/export/TheHill/News/Frontpage/072705/thomas.html “grassley’s methodological…US-China trade imbalance.” C. Jacks the WTO The Economist 4-25-05 “China-bashing has captured…bill may well pass the Senate.” D. WTO key to preventing nuclear war Copley News Service 12-1-99 “For decades, many children in America…should be celebrating it.” China Soft Power DA A. Uniqueness – Chinese soft power is rapidly increasing, challenging US soft power Financial Express, ’05 (May 14, “Mandarin Rides on Economy”, l/n) "Let China sleep, for when she awakes, the world will tremble," B. Link – [link is specific to case] C. Impact 1. Chinese soft power promotes Asian regional trade agreements creating a stable region that solves conflicts diplomatically Garrison, ‘05 (Garrison, Jean A., March 22, Asian Affairs: An American Review, “China's prudent cultivation of "soft" power and implications for U.S. policy in East Asia”, l/n) “East Asian states and Taiwan recognize that economically” 2. Asian instability causes multiple scenarios of nuclear wars, leading to extinction Mirza Aslam Beg; General; May 20, 1999 (Nuclearization of South Asia: Rational Diffusion of Holocaust; http://www.friends.org.pk/Beg/nuclearization%20of%20south%20asia.htm) “During the darkest days of the World War I, the Austrian poet, Karl Kraus wrote” Society Kritik The aff uses war as the organizer of society. War gives history and meaning to the nation as states are born out of, die due to, and manage against, war. This recuperate the sovereign and gives it power over life. Foucault 97 (society must be defended) “war turns the very distribution of right into a grid of intelligibility…” This takes out solvency – resistance is coextensive with the plan Bertini and Fontea, editors, 97 (michel foucault’s Society Must Be Defended, p. 280) “the struggle is everywhere...at every moment, we move from rebellion to domination, from domination to rebellion, and it is all this perpetual agitation that I would like to bring out” Biopower risks extinction Foucault, 84 [the foucault reader, ed. Rabinow, 259-60] “wars were never as bloody as they have been since the nineteenth century, and all things being equal, never before did regimes visit such holocaust on their own population” The alternative – reject the model of sovereignty and question relations of force ; question war as an organizer of society Foucault 97 (Society must be defended p.265-7) “in order to make a concrete analysis of power relations, we must abandon the juridical model of sovereignty.” Sino – Japan DA – Uniqueness – Sino-Japanese ties are at a crossroads China daily 9-1-05 (www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-09/01/content_474118.htm) “the sino-japanese relationship is at a crossroad and the future is either continuous neighborliness and co-operation or confrontation and hostility” – Link – Anti-China action is perceived as American-Japanese collusion Sutter, Georgetown Asian Studies Professor, 02 (Robert, Washington Quarterly, Autumn, www.twq.com/02autumn/sutter.pdf) “Beijing may conclude that the United States is colluding with Japan to contain China – a long-standing fear of Chinese leaders…” – Impact – Sino-Japanese conflict causes war in Asia Samuels, MIT international relations professor, 99 (Richard, The US-Japan alliances: past, present, future, p.6-7) “The same forces that lead China and Japan into an adversarial relationship in the first place might well push them to war…” North Korea DA Uniqueness – North Korea has agreed to give up its nuclear weapons but the process is far from over Associated Press 9-19-05 “North Korea has pledged to quit developing nuclear weapons. The agreement was announced on the last day of the latest round of six-party talks…” Link – the plan derails the process - Diplomacy trades-off Deibel, “Instruments of State Power,” 02 www.isanet.org/noarchive/deibel.html “can often only be used in one place and time” Impact – Continuing North Korea prolif risks nuclear terrorism Madsen, 9-26-05 (Robert, newsweek, msnbc.msn.com/id/9379210/site/newsweek/) “if Pyongyang succeeds in building enough atomic bombs to deter attack from abroad while also maintaining an armament program…” 2. Nuclear terrorism triggers extinction Sid-Ahmed, 04 (Al-Ahram Weekly, “Extinction!”, 8/26, no.705, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) “societies would close in on themselves, police measures would be stepped up at the expense of human rights…” Bizcon A: Uniqueness Bizcon high now (will be a new site) B: Economic Pressure on China crashes the US economy and leads to recession Andy Xie, 2005 (Global Economic Forum, May 6, www.morganstanley.com/GEFdata/digests/20050506-fri.html) “ I estimate that a significant share of the profits” The plan creates a negative view of China, crushing Bizcon Yang et al, 2004 (The World Economy, July, ebsco) “The combined affect of all of these tensions has been to insert acrimony” C: Loss of Bizcon collapses the economy Braithwaite, 2004 [The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, march, l/n] “bankers need confidence to lend money to build the factory” D: Impact- Collapse equals nuclear war Mead 92 Nationalism A: China is moving towards democracy. Pressure reverses this Muhbubani, 2005 (Foreign Affairs, Sept-Oct) “Americans firmly believe, for both ideological” B: Engagement key to peaceful rise, the plan leads to violent nationalism Economist, 9-3-2005 (ebsco) “it offers a rival to the American-sponsored” C: Chinese nationalism leads to war in Taiwan St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 7-25-2005 (l/n) “resulting in a war between heavily armed countries” Clarion University GT (Matt Tenney & Alissa Graffius) @ Richmond Relations US/China tenuous but good going into high level Visits in next weeks Xinhua 10/14 [L/N] D: don’t know about the internal Dip. Relations solving demand attention Xinhua 9/24 http://news.xinhuanet/com/english/2005-09/03/Content_3564433.htm Isreal P.P. collape--> war (I don’t what the internal is here.) Slater 99 Tikkun March 1 N.K N.K gave up arms, process not over Associated Press 4/29 [www.newswatch50.com/news/world/story/aspx?context _id=569F581b-e599-4812-9AdA- 9df86d910889] Xinhua ev. Is on this flow Deployment of diplomacy trades off Deibel 02 www.isanet.org/noarchive/deibel.html Continued NK prolif --> nuke terrorism Madsen 05 http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9379210/site/newsweek Nuke terrorism--> extinction Sid-Ahmed 2004 http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op05.htm Arms Embargo Eu won’t life arms embargo w/o human rights reform AFX 9-4-05 www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2005/04/04afx2205465.html Leads to war in Taiwan O’Hanlow 5-1-05 www.brookings.edu/views/op-ed/ohanlon/20050501.htm Some generic Ghina solving for human rights in SQ Eu, some pressure fails due to hypocrisy and a China can’t enforce card Clarion HN Neg Round # 7 Shirley Vs Team: Eastern New Mexico Judge: Aff was pressure China for Taiwan independence Case Args: Agamben on case Off Case Args: Topicality- Must be Negative Sanctions Nationalism Block Strategy: Agamben answers on case Moreiras 2k4 New Centennial review 4.3 projectMuse “if violence become the” AND “are radically separated” AGamben’s critique fails Millls and Jenkins 2k4 www.borderlands ejournal.adelaide.edu.au/vol3no1_2004/millsjenkins_intro.htm Reasserting human rights solves impacts to the critique Norris 2k, diacritics 30.4 p51 projectmuse “Now, the mere existence” AND “the conception of rights rests” Political rights are a prerequisite to authenticity Balfour and Cadava 2k4 South Atlantic Quarterly 103.2/3 “The crisis within human rights is that, with the” AND “the perplexities of the rights of man” Agamben’s alternative halts political action Seri 2k5 http://aspen.conncoll.edu/politicsandculture/page.cfm?key=409 2nr Strategy: Clarion NH neg Round #4 Shirley Vs. aff: Boston College CB Judged by: Mike Pomorski Case Args: IPR kills biodiversity- causes monoculture Zedan, 05. Brown Journal of World Affairs, v. 12 i. 1, 2005, p. 194 Biodiversity loss = extinction Kaufman, 1993 The Last Extinction p. 4 Crackdown fails- new pirates emerge Epstein, 05, Brown Journal of World Affairs, v. 12 i. 1 2005 p. 179-80 IPR pressure fails- gov’t can’t solve and causes China to dig in against action Washington University in St. Louis News & Information 9-7-05 http://news-info.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/5691.html “While some see…digging in its heels” China lacks infrastructure to solve IPR Washington University in St. Louis News & Information 9-7-05 http://news-info.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/5691.html “infrastructure does not have the capacity or the authority” No solve local enforcement Washington University in St. Louis News & Information 9-7-05 http://news-info.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/5691.html “external pressure may lead to formal agreements” Locals resist Washington University in St. Louis News & Information 9-7-05 http://news-info.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/5691.html China fighting IPR theft now China Daily 9-7-05 “China’s specialized campaign…great emphasis” China will solve IPR eventually Dorn, 1996 www.cato.org “As China develops….abide by them” No solve WTO- farm subsidies CVD triggers WTO backlash IPR increases drug costs for poor people Johnson, 05. Brown Journal of World Affairs, v. 12 i. 1, 2005, p. 167-8 Sq solves counterfeiting drug impacts- WHO tests solve Johnson, 05. Brown Journal of World Affairs, v. 12 i. 1, 2005, p. 172 IPR doesn’t solve disease- ignores 90% Johnson, 05. Brown Journal of World Affairs, v. 12 i. 1, 2005, p. 173 Clarion NH Neg Round #1 Shirley Vs Team: Mary Washington WS Judge: Jamie Downing Case Args: Inherency --Other nations will bid now, means plan is non-unique. Business Week 05 says other countries move in to fill void. No short term Solvency Fiscal Discipline: --No fiscal discipline in status quo, Investor Business Daily 05 --Molecular reactor = smaller and less of a problem than others, Pittsburgh review, these reactors are safe even if there is a meltdown. Prolif: --The US is losing the war on terrorism, prolif is inevitable. Off Case Args: 1) We must clarify framework of the debate; round = policy debate, public debate presentation, utilize methods of Aristotle: ethos, pathos and logos. Public style of debate is good; Louisville style of debate is good. We must ask about trained judges, can they listen to public style debates before we conduct business? 2) The affirmative plan doesn’t meet the res. Econ and diplom pressure and substantial Is use of econ. Leverage to change behavior. Political pressure can be subsumed by economic pressure. Substantial = without material qualification, B) Viol: plan not leverage on prc, westinghouse not been passed; limits, ground, and policy rightness; cutting off sanctions is not pressure, T a voter. 3) Economy is strong now; 4.1% (The Age). Company profits are at the lowest they have been in a long time, trade relationships strong, increasing world economy, American economy is perfect now, trade must continue. If plan were passed, it destroys investor confidence. Without confidence, businesses won’t invest; 1AC bearden impact = negative consequences 4) Next objection to plan = nationalism; China is turning into a peaceful democracy, immediate shift leads to nationalist regimes… plan = throwing rocks at china’s feet, causes them to stumble, leads to nationalism. International Herald Tribune, 04. Nationalists = Taiwan attack Block Strategy: Framework, T, Biz Con, Case 2nr Strategy: Framework, Biz Con Clarion HN Pre Shirley Clarion DZ and HN – NEG Schumer DA A. Bush will veto The Ledger 10-12-05 www.theledger.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051012/ZNYT01/510120408/1001/BUSINESS “that is a relatively tough…veto any such measure.” B. Schumer bill will be attached to the plan The Hill 7-27-05 www.hillnews.com/thehill/export/TheHill/News/Frontpage/072705/thomas.html “grassley’s methodological…US-China trade imbalance.” C. Jacks the WTO The Economist 4-25-05 “China-bashing has captured…bill may well pass the Senate.” D. WTO key to preventing nuclear war Copley News Service 12-1-99 “For decades, many children in America…should be celebrating it.” China Soft Power DA A. Uniqueness – Chinese soft power is rapidly increasing, challenging US soft power Financial Express, ’05 (May 14, “Mandarin Rides on Economy”, l/n) "Let China sleep, for when she awakes, the world will tremble," B. Link – [link is specific to case] C. Impact 1. Chinese soft power promotes Asian regional trade agreements creating a stable region that solves conflicts diplomatically Garrison, ‘05 (Garrison, Jean A., March 22, Asian Affairs: An American Review, “China's prudent cultivation of "soft" power and implications for U.S. policy in East Asia”, l/n) “East Asian states and Taiwan recognize that economically” 2. Asian instability causes multiple scenarios of nuclear wars, leading to extinction Mirza Aslam Beg; General; May 20, 1999 (Nuclearization of South Asia: Rational Diffusion of Holocaust; http://www.friends.org.pk/Beg/nuclearization%20of%20south%20asia.htm) “During the darkest days of the World War I, the Austrian poet, Karl Kraus wrote” Society Kritik The aff uses war as the organizer of society. War gives history and meaning to the nation as states are born out of, die due to, and manage against, war. This recuperate the sovereign and gives it power over life. Foucault 97 (society must be defended) “war turns the very distribution of right into a grid of intelligibility…” This takes out solvency – resistance is coextensive with the plan Bertini and Fontea, editors, 97 (michel foucault’s Society Must Be Defended, p. 280) “the struggle is everywhere...at every moment, we move from rebellion to domination, from domination to rebellion, and it is all this perpetual agitation that I would like to bring out” Biopower risks extinction Foucault, 84 [the foucault reader, ed. Rabinow, 259-60] “wars were never as bloody as they have been since the nineteenth century, and all things being equal, never before did regimes visit such holocaust on their own population” The alternative – reject the model of sovereignty and question relations of force ; question war as an organizer of society Foucault 97 (Society must be defended p.265-7) “in order to make a concrete analysis of power relations, we must abandon the juridical model of sovereignty.” Sino – Japan DA – Uniqueness – Sino-Japanese ties are at a crossroads China daily 9-1-05 (www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-09/01/content_474118.htm) “the sino-japanese relationship is at a crossroad and the future is either continuous neighborliness and co-operation or confrontation and hostility” – Link – Anti-China action is perceived as American-Japanese collusion Sutter, Georgetown Asian Studies Professor, 02 (Robert, Washington Quarterly, Autumn, www.twq.com/02autumn/sutter.pdf) “Beijing may conclude that the United States is colluding with Japan to contain China – a long-standing fear of Chinese leaders…” – Impact – Sino-Japanese conflict causes war in Asia Samuels, MIT international relations professor, 99 (Richard, The US-Japan alliances: past, present, future, p.6-7) “The same forces that lead China and Japan into an adversarial relationship in the first place might well push them to war…” North Korea DA Uniqueness – North Korea has agreed to give up its nuclear weapons but the process is far from over Associated Press 9-19-05 “North Korea has pledged to quit developing nuclear weapons. The agreement was announced on the last day of the latest round of six-party talks…” Link – the plan derails the process - Diplomacy trades-off Deibel, “Instruments of State Power,” 02 www.isanet.org/noarchive/deibel.html “can often only be used in one place and time” Impact – Continuing North Korea prolif risks nuclear terrorism Madsen, 9-26-05 (Robert, newsweek, msnbc.msn.com/id/9379210/site/newsweek/) “if Pyongyang succeeds in building enough atomic bombs to deter attack from abroad while also maintaining an armament program…” 2. Nuclear terrorism triggers extinction Sid-Ahmed, 04 (Al-Ahram Weekly, “Extinction!”, 8/26, no.705, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) “societies would close in on themselves, police measures would be stepped up at the expense of human rights…” Bizcon A: Uniqueness Bizcon high now (will be a new site) B: Economic Pressure on China crashes the US economy and leads to recession Andy Xie, 2005 (Global Economic Forum, May 6, www.morganstanley.com/GEFdata/digests/20050506-fri.html) “ I estimate that a significant share of the profits” The plan creates a negative view of China, crushing Bizcon Yang et al, 2004 (The World Economy, July, ebsco) “The combined affect of all of these tensions has been to insert acrimony” C: Loss of Bizcon collapses the economy Braithwaite, 2004 [The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, march, l/n] “bankers need confidence to lend money to build the factory” D: Impact- Collapse equals nuclear war Mead 92 Nationalism A: China is moving towards democracy. Pressure reverses this Muhbubani, 2005 (Foreign Affairs, Sept-Oct) “Americans firmly believe, for both ideological” B: Engagement key to peaceful rise, the plan leads to violent nationalism Economist, 9-3-2005 (ebsco) “it offers a rival to the American-sponsored” C: Chinese nationalism leads to war in Taiwan St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 7-25-2005 (l/n) “resulting in a war between heavily armed countries” Clarion HN Round 3 Richmond Vs. aff: Liberty BM Judged by: Joe Packer Case Args: Pressure makes human rights worse Other things cause terrorism (iraq) Foucault By using war to order society plan views world in terms of nations not sovereign states this makes violence inevitable. Block Strategy The kritik Read a counterperm, do the plan and vote neg to test the aff’s resolve 2NR Strategy The kritik, Clarion University NZ (Jessica Zezulewicz & Rob Noerr) @ Richmond RND 3 Aff- Liberty North Korea DA- NK giving more nuc weapons Associated Press 9-19-05 NK Prolif= nuclear terror Madsen 9-26-05 Robert, Newsweek http://msnbc.msn.com/id/9379210/site/newsweek Deploy of Dip= tradeoff Diebel, 2002 Terry L. Instruments of State Power [http://www.mnet.org.noarchive/deibel.html] US/SINO Rel DA Xinhua General News 10-14 [lexis] Jerome Slater March 1, 1999 TIKKUN Clarion RT Round 4 Cap Cities/Catholic University Vs. aff: Wake IZ Judged by: Case Args: Engagement is key to ensuring peaceful democracy- the plan increases the odds of violent, nationalism in China The Economist 9-3-2005 Chinese nationalism leads to nuclear war over Taiwan. St Louis Post Dispatch 7-25-2005 we have card Chinese Nationalism trump concern about going to war. Philadelphia Inquirer 4-26-2005 ln Econ confrontation leads to nationalism and Taiwan war. International Herald Tribune 8-17-2005 China becoming pro democracy now, pressure reverses it. Kishore, Mahbubani, Foreign Affairs Sept/Oct 2005 Business Confidence DA- Uniqueness- Business confidence high for 2006. PR Newswire 11-3-2005 http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/11-03-2005//0004208314&EDATE= Link- Economic pressure crashes the US economy, triggers recession. Any Xie, Morgan Stanley analyst, May 6, 2005, Global Economic Forum, http://www.morganstanley.com/GEFdata/digests/20050506-fri.html Perception of the plan creates a negative economic view of China, crushing business confidence. Jiawen Yang, 2004, The World Economy, July ebsco Internal Link- Loss of confidence collapses the economy and triggers recession. John Braithwaite, The Annals of the American Academy of Political Science March 2004, lexis D. Impact Collapse = nuke war bearden Schumer Bill Politics DA-- Bush will veto Schumer Bill The Ledger, 10-12-05 http://www.theledger.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051012/ZNYT01/510120408/1001/BUSINESS A host of protectionism measures, including Schumer proposal will be attached to the plan. Fiat meens Grassley won’t be able to stop the flood. The Hill 7-27-2005 http://www.hillnews.com/thehill/export/The Hill/News/Frontpage/072705/thomas.html The Schumer bill destroys the economy and tubes the WTO The Economist 4-25-2005 http://www.economist.com/agenda/displayStory.cfm?story_id=3905158 WTO key to prevent nuclear war. Copley News Service, 12-1-99 lexis Pressure Spec 1NC- Violation- The Aff fails to specifiy how it pressures the People’s Republic of China. Saying “diplomatic and economic pressure” is insufficient; we must know the specific content of the pressure. Voting issue: Predictable negative ground- Education Topicality- Definition- The PRC is in the area of China. CCP wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoples_Republic_of_China On Means Toward no cite or card Violation- plan puts pressure on Europe, not on PRC Standards Predictable Limits Ground Not critical for aff ground Voting issue Block Strategy T, Spec, Politics, BizCon, All Case 2NR Strategy Kicked T, went for case and retaliation disad. Concordia Concordia ES Round # Shirley 7 Vs Team: Emory CL Judge: Silber 1 Offcase Argument – IR FEMINISM. Divided up into three pages – links, impact, alternative LINKS Economic discourse constructs public/private dichotomy privilege one perspective excluding others Callari and Hyman 2004 Postcolonialism Meets Economics 118-9 Gatekeepers of international relations include voices as long as they are complicit and willing to participate in traditional and conventional political system. When system is challenged, voices are inherently excluded – Bleiker, Alternatives, 1997, v 22, p. 78 Obsession with spectacle in traditional media reinforces binaries and focuses on crisis and disaster to legitimate and conceal domination of people, Peterson and runyan 1993, Global Gender Issues, p. 72 Aff’s use of an autonomous rational actor forecloses possibility for alternative analysis – Joyner and Little 1996, It’s Not Nice to Fool Mother Nature! The Mystique of Feminine Approaches to International Environmental Law, Lexis, “The male perception…different voice” Aff creates enemy, language like rogue and threat = hierarchal, otherizes and condemns the feminized as irrational and inferior – Tickner, Gender in International Relations, p. 7-8. 1992 Projecting war as all out bottom and peace as sustenance at perfect order = gendered – Sylvester, 1992, Winter, p. 18-24,Feminist Theory and Gender Studies in International Relations, International Studies Notes Nuclear war discourse relies on dichotomies – Elshtain, 1987, Women and War, 246 Nuclear war trivializes women suffering and requires socially constructed masculinity – Bidwal, New Nukes: India, Pakistan, and Global Nuclear Disarmament, p. 133-4 IMPACTS T case- entrench system of domination reproduce violence Tickner 1992 133-4 State and international organization focus on impeding crisis as political issues, marginalize rape and domestic violence as womens issues, perpetuating atrocities, Peterson and runyan 1993, p. 79 Patriarchy – root case violence and war – Reardon, Women and Peace, “Feminist Visions of Global Security” 1993 ALTERNATIVE Way order word determined by lens we view it. Alt = take off the rose colored glasses of the current international order and let in harsh daylight – Peterson and Runyan 1993 79 Challenge orthodoxy of ir and dominant linguistic practices opens new discursive spaces to resist the traditional gatekeepers Bleiker, 69. Gender analysis slves root cause of violence Peterson and Runyan Each person = agent of change - acknowledge existence of harmful power relations Peterson and runyan 1993, 32 Block Strategy: Besides reading more fem ir cards, read a bunch of realism bad cards 2nr Strategy: Concordia ES Neg Round 6 Shirley Vs Team: Emory SS Judge: Jarius Grove Off Case Args: - A passage from Bartleby by Melville - Society of the Spectacle takes us from language (Agamben, 93, The Coming Community) - Worst tyranny ever – no resistance possible (Agamben 2000) - Potentiality causes community to ethics (Agamben 93, Coming Community) Block Strategy: AT Realism – George, Onuf, AT Framework – Shapiro 04 2nr Strategy: Concordia ES Neg Round #3 Shirley Vs Team: Berkeley BG Judge: Thomas Case Args: US not key to WTO cred Framework – policymaking bad Off Case Args: Same trade K as round 1 Concordia FF Aff Fullerton MP Maritato, Jimbo Freire Responses: InFed online encyclopedia; /www.infed.org/thinkers/et-freir.htm accessed 11/13/04 Facundo, Blanca. “Freire-inspired programs in the United States and Puerto Rico: a critical evaluation” On-line, accessed 11/15/05 /www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/dissent/documents/Facundo/Facundo.html Interesting stuff we said that we haven’t said before: The Colbert Report The affirmative posits a counterfactual where George Bush “dropping it like it’s hot” is an apparently unique and liberatory moment. This posits the resolution as a festival of meaning, where in a sudden action the administration could begin to behave like Snoop Dogg, however the administration regularly uses alternative forms and styles to represent their arguments- take for example the Whitehouse Press dinner… USA Today 5/1/2005 The affirmative request for the prez to drop it like its hot will be LITERALLY enacted in a press club function. This would set the affirmative movement back inexorably as it would allow powerful interests to actually mock the values that the affirmative is attempting to forward. Even criticisms in the text of your Raps is used as a self-effacing joke by the administration. I know that it is funny- but the use of humor would actually set back these strategists. 2nr: post-semiotics Concordia FF Neg Round 3 Shirley Vs Team: Dartmouth BM Judge: Regnier Case Args: Off Case Args: Mean Girls Claim that Mean Girls is a metaphor for the affirmative. The link as I understand it is that the affirmative acts mean to china in order to enact change and that they become meaner and enjoy being mean. This entrenchment of meaness locks the affirmative into the beaurocratic mindset that prevents change and endorses bio political control of the status quo. Through their enjoyment of the dominant order, the affirmative proscribes actions that reinforce a belief in rationality that destroys aesthetics and becomes a reduction in thought which prohibits recognizing other cognizant solutions. They use Slaag evidence to support this claim. They also rely on an argument about scientific reification and reduction in the 1NC but is not discussed beyond this point. 8 Ball This position started off by arguing that power is the ability to take future actions and that the power to make decisions can reify regime oppression. As I understand it the link is that the affirmative conceals the violent past of racialized violence within the United States and by moving on and prescribing new solutions, it allows the FG to wash it hands. Part of the Zhao evidence they use to support this claim comments on notions of how priviledged decision-makers move on after an agreed upon time. This whiteness is violent and rascist and it makes when affirmatives act in this way, it becomes impossible to evaluate subordination. They use Chol evidence to support this claim. The negative claims that the implications of the criticism is that it turns the cases because their criticism will open up space for a political movement. This political movement is based on individual agency which proves we don’t need the government to act. They use Agamben to support individual agency. This is key to avoid the sanitation of rhetoric that allows for genocidal tendencies. Memory The analysis of the 1AC allows the state to steal the show. We need to develop agency through the state and that escape is possible. There is no end to the circle of action (?). They use Bleiker to make this claim. They also claim that discourse is important because violence is an ideological construction of individuals. Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Concordia FF neg Dartmouth BM aff- Judge Regnier Wake rd 3 Here is our deal; the political strategy of the affirmative gives the Bush administration the chance to rewrite the narrative of HIV to be one of religion and compassion, concealing the biopolitical basis of the Bush policy in the status quo. We should use the memory of the bad things that Bush has done to create effective demands against the basis of sovereign politics. 3 off case: 8-ball (bush used cocaine and scored points with people because he came clean) We begin by noting that the memory of institutional behavior is the essential place for the power of that institution to take future actions. Commemoration and forgetting are essential to system integrity. Sites of resistance based on memory are the most local and have the most potential. Jenny Edkins lecturer in international politics @ University of Wales, Trauma and the memory of politics; 2003 p. 53-54 Second we will establish how the affirmative participates in a project to conceal the violent past of the United States Federal Government… The process of overturning and burying the violent past of the United States allows the horrible truth to be hidden, that the legal system and institutional privilege enable racialized violence. The affirmative allows the establishment to wash the blood from its hands. Sumi Cho Law professor at DePaul“Redeeming Whiteness in the Shadow of Internment: Earl Warren, Brown, and a Theory of Racial Redemption” 1998 19 B.C. Third World L.J. 73 The process of redeeming the history of whiteness creates a kinder gentler form of violence that is Teflon against accusations of racism. Sumi Cho Law professor at DePaul“Redeeming Whiteness in the Shadow of Internment: Earl Warren, Brown, and a Theory of Racial Redemption” 1998 19 B.C. Third World L.J. 73 The implications: First, the critique turns the case- our Cho evidence establishes that the political move of the affirmative to redeem the federal governments wrongs reinforces institutional racism. Second, the affirmative eliminates institutional resistance to government overreaching by giving an olive branch to those who critique the violent history of the federal government. Third, the affirmative allows the existing political structure of violence to sanitize it’s history and maintain genocidal violence. Giorgio Agamben professor at Vernona and cool dude, Homo Sacer, 1998 p. 10-11 Memory Our advocacy refuses to conflate resistance with the action of the juridical state; Sontag is correct about the meta-narrative of the disease. Even though the affirmative has attempted to employ critical thinking, the analysis of the affirmative retains the role of the state to steal the show. We contend that: we should use the memory of the biopolitical choices to posit demands against the decision of the state to support and participate in the oppression of people on the basis of seropositivity. Individual agency is a discursive practice of the everyday. Our resistance can reassert politics. Bleiker 2000 p 281-2 The violence related to seropositivity does not originate with the state, but in the ideological construction of individuals Simon Watney 1994 p 49-50 Mean Girls To use non-schlagian parlance Mean Girls; Cady Heron (Lindsay Lohan) believes she can pretend to be mean in order to subvert the dominant order embodied by Regina George (Rachel McAdams) while retaining her agency; however she can not as her identity is subverted as she begins to enjoy the worst behaviors of the hoard. Our Schlagg provides the parallel example of Atticus Finch a benevolent white lawyer who fights against racism but ultimately, we end up with more Dan Quayle. The rationalist aesthetic affects us all. In addition to flattening out possibility, the rationalist aesthetic functions to reproduce and maintain bureaucratic institutions as it paralyzes us to social realities. The current notion of “resistance” is a dangerous illusion. Pierre Schlag 1996 from his blockbuster book p. 24-5 Cady enjoys her inclusion in the dominant order as the affirmative does in the legal system; the rationalist aesthetic is defined by a compulsive need to prescribe and an under-theorization of knowledge, rhetoric and context. This aesthetic severely limits our capacity for thought. Schlag 1998 from the book 144-145 The modern worldview enables vast amounts of oppression and destruction. Likewise, scientific views of progress re-mask greed and violence Nandy 1997 in “post-development reader” p. 169 Block tricks: Bush will spin your politics to look good Kaplan in the nation 12/20.04 lexis Demand based on memory of suffering leads to new political community. Coviello “intimacy in America” 2005 p. 171-2 2NR: Emphasis on Schlag. Concordia FF Round 2 Shirley Vs. aff: Dartmouth KO Judged by: Case Args: SDI is the paramount example of shifting justifications. The Reagan administration redeployed the rhetoric of the anti-nuclear movement to shut down critique. Affirmative is vulnerable to the same problems. Lipshutz “after authority” 2001 p. 75-6 This is a PMA to the affirmative- terminal impacts inevitable Prospect theory says that people will fear losses more then they like gains Taliaferro Political Psychology 25:2 2004 Status quo IR theory flattens out identity O’Tuathail “critical geopolitics: 1996 p. 23-4 Apocalyptic representations lead to genocide in the name of survival Coviello “queer frontiers” 2000 p. 40-41 Affirmative reconstructs the necessity of state for production of order Lipshutz 2001 p. 22 Antagonism can not be reduced through democratic parliamentary procedure. Laclau and Mouffe preface to second edition of Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. XVI-XVII Off Case: Buzz Lightyear A. affirmative operationalizes the metaphor of the infinite in representations about the economy B. Infinite metaphors authorize violence to secure the unlimited future Pretes Development 25:9 1997 C. control of reality can never be total- imperialist violence is the outcome Stavrakakis “lacan and the political” 1999 p. 80-81 The Thunderstorm in Lutheran Theology The affirmative begins with the politics of debt. China is solicited to “be good” through the process making them feel as if they are indebt to us, this is a measure of guilt, a punishment provisionally provided to induce behavior are just as the cohercive mechanism used by classical religious discipline. Zupancic 03 56-7 Second, China acts not so much out of a willingness to be bad or destroy but because of a will to rekindle a lost past against victimization. Henry Liu describes in 2004 Third, the political formation of the affirmative is a theatrical performance. If the action of the US is good enough for an oscar then the affirmative would perchance solve. The model of politics as a theatre enables the worst totalitarian aspects of politics to come to the fore. Feldstein Lacan, politics, aesthetics. 1996. xxiv-xxv The third piece of paper: Wily E. Coyote Vote negative to unconditionally communicatively engage China without pretense or threat. A. This is competitive with the rhetoric and assumptions of the 1AC. This is not inclusive of the affirmative in anyway. B. This advocacy is singular and unconditional. There will only be one advocacy and it will be stable, this checks any theory argument the affirmative might make as we are forgoing strategic flexability this advocacy might afford us. C. The advocacy solves. Reformulation of model of communication avoids the conduit metaphor and accepts the possibility of meeting the other in dialog. Marc Lynch writes in 2002: Block Strategy Block strategy: kicks Buzz Lightyear. 2NR Strategy 2NR strategy: kicks Thunderstorm goes for Apocalyptic Representations bad as a net benefit to the Coyote argument. Concordia FF Wake Round 2 Affirmative: Dart KO Buzz Lightyear affirmative operationalizes the metaphor of the infinite in representations about the economy Infinite metaphors authorize violence to secure the unlimited future Pretes Development 25:9 1997 control of reality can never be total- imperialist violence is the outcome Stavrakakis “lacan and the political” 1999 p. 80-81 The Thunderstorm in Lutheran Theology The affirmative begins with the politics of debt. China is solicited to “be good” through the process making them feel as if they are indebt to us, this is a measure of guilt, a punishment provisionally provided to induce behavior are just as the cohercive mechanism used by classical religious discipline. Zupancic 03 56-7 Second, China acts not so much out of a willingness to be bad or destroy but because of a will to rekindle a lost past against victimization. Henry Liu describes in 2004 Third, the political formation of the affirmative is a theatrical performance. If the action of the US is good enough for an oscar then the affirmative would perchance solve. The model of politics as a theatre enables the worst totalitarian aspects of politics to come to the fore. Feldstein Lacan, politics, aesthetics. 1996. xxiv-xxv The third piece of paper: Wily E. Coyote Vote negative to unconditionally communicatively engage China without pretense or threat. This is competitive with the rhetoric and assumptions of the 1AC. This is not inclusive of the affirmative in anyway. This advocacy is singular and unconditional. There will only be one advocacy and it will be stable, this checks any theory argument the affirmative might make as we are forgoing strategic flexability this advocacy might afford us. The advocacy solves. Reformulation of model of communication avoids the conduit metaphor and accepts the possibility of meeting the other in dialog. Marc Lynch writes in 2002: On case: SDI is the paramount example of shifting justifications. The Reagan administration redeployed the rhetoric of the anti-nuclear movement to shut down critique. Affirmative is vulnerable to the same problems. Lipshutz “after authority” 2001 p. 75-6 This is a PMA to the affirmative- terminal impacts inevitable Prospect theory says that people will fear losses more then they like gains Taliaferro Political Psychology 25:2 2004 Status quo IR theory flattens out identity O’Tuathail “critical geopolitics: 1996 p. 23-4 Apocalyptic representations lead to genocide in the name of survival Coviello “queer frontiers” 2000 p. 40-41 Affirmative reconstructs the necessity of state for production of order Lipshutz 2001 p. 22 Antagonism can not be reduced through democratic parliamentary procedure. Laclau and Mouffe preface to second edition of Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. XVI-XVII Block strategy: kicks Buzz Lightyear. 2NR strategy: kicks Thunderstorm goes for Apocalyptic Representations bad as a net benefit to the Coyote argument. Concordia MR Round 1 Vs Iowa LS The Affirmative relies on problematic economic theory embroiled with assumptions of objectivity, rationality, and universality because of the need for “neutral” economics. The representations that result conceal the cruelty of colonialism and reproduce violent privilege—Barker 2004 (Drucilla L., “Creating Spaces: A comment on Contemporary Discourses in Economics,” Post colonialism Meets Economics, p. 204-205 We believe that we must write economics another way. We need to explicitly write and think cultures into the economics. This is essential, as advocacies make up our actions within this debate. The affirmative’s attempt at action does not happen, and therefore you must look to our competing views of economics---Kaul 2004 (Nitasha, “Writing Economic Theory another Way,” Postcolonialism Meets Economics, p.197) Intellectual property rights assumes a universal individual subject that homogenizes cultural analysis and excludes other perspectivies Darian-Smith 02’ (Eve, “Myths of East and West: International Property Law in Postcolonial Hong Kong,” Rethinking Postcolonialism, p. 295) The legal and cultural assumptions of globalization through extensions of intellectual property law results in myths of East and West in a form of new colonial domination that prevents analysis of alternative legal impulses Darian-Smith 02’ (Eve, “Myths of East and West: International Property Law in Postcolonial Hong Kong,” Rethinking Postcolonialsm, p.294-295) The dominant Western legal knowledge supported by the affirmative creates a system of absolute domination and management in a new colonial order that ignores and destroys the unique alternative possibilities for law and economy within China. (Eve, “Myths of East and West: International Property Law in Postcolonial Hong Kong,” Rethinking Postcolonialsm, p.302-303) Within this economic framework, their impacts are inevitable. Global conflict and disruption results from failure to think different cultures-Shapiro 2004 (Michael J., “Political Economy and Postcolonial Modernites,” Postcolonialism Meets Economics, p.136) Fear of the economic potential of China results in divisions between East and West and strengthens the Western legal political subject- this closes off new economic possibilities in China (Eve, “Myths of East and West: International Property Law in Postcolonial Hong Kong,” Rethinking Postcolonialsm, p.296-298) Concordia FF Pre Shirley This year we have run three primary negative positions, two are named after figures from the hegemonic popular culture. Martha Stewart (Shadenfreue DA) The Martha Stewart criminal case is the emblematic case of the fear of the other’s enjoyment- she has been so hated not because of her actions (which are barely criminal) but because she is understood to steal away enjoyment from others. Because Martha Stewart is so similar to so many people, she can be a worthy object of shadenfreue; people enjoy taking pleasure from the suffering of Martha Stewart. Jeanne L. Schroeder professor @ Cardozo Law School, 26 Cardozo L. Rev. 2023 2005 On March 5, 2004, Martha Stewart was convicted of four counts of obstruction of justice … Envy, in contrast, is the anger and pain one feels in observing the good fortune of another. Representing China as a threat to the enjoyment of the US is a part of a broader fear of the Chinese. The affirmative identifies China as an object worthy of control in as much as China is represented as stealing the rightful enjoyment of the US. The behavior of China the affirmative identifies as dangerous is only the rightful assertion of the PRC against years of colonialist domination. Henry Liu investor in New York and regular writer for Asia Times 2004 http://atimes01.atimes.com/atimes/China/FB11Ad02.html New China's national purpose is one of redressing a century of national victimization under Western imperialism and its residual reincarnation in neo-liberal globalization. …. hostile containment of China for half a century afterward, US domestic politics will set the course of US-China relations for the coming century - and the fate of Asia and the world. The enterprise of mastery and control of enjoyment is fundamentally totalitarian, the end result of the affirmative project to prevent China from enjoying is Stalinism. Jeanne Schroeder Prof of Law @ Cardozo, 44 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 263 2002 Here is some of our extension evidence: Giving up is the most subversive thing we can do- new constellations of possibilities can emerge only if we make the radical move of Bartleby, to prefer not to. Slavoj Zizek psychoanalyst extraordinare, “The Obscenity of Human Rights: Violence as Symptom” 2005 http://www.lacan.com/zizviol.htm There is, however, another way in which Balibar's plea for renouncing violence can be given a specific twist - that of what one is tempted to call the Bartleby-… it were clears the ground for a true activity, for an act that will effectively change the coordinates of the constellation. The end point of the politics of lost enjoyment is the actual violent elimination of the other. Jeanne L. Schroeder professor @ Cardozo Law School, 26 Cardozo L. Rev. 2023 2005 All she can do, therefore, is try to destroy the other's enjoyment. Unfortunately, because the subject identifies the other's enjoyment with the other's alterity (i.e., whatever it is that distinguishes the other from the subject) destruction of the other's enjoyment requires the destruction of the other. Kevin Spacey Axiology is epistemology. The value system used to create a policy directly determines the policy outcomes of that system. Rothberg 2001 Criticism 43:4 “knowledge serves power” project muse The ethical system espoused in the status quo is fundamentally unjust. Capitalism is not an equitable social arrangement. The affirmative is only a recouperative project for the existing ethical system. Alain Badiou 2002 from the cabinet magazine interview on google. Search “badiou cabinet magazine: The ethical system of the affirmative makes all terminal impacts inevitable. Status quo ethics end in umbridled violence and competition. Alain Badiou “ethics” 2001 p. 9-10 Alternative- Vote Negative. Leaving the space of the alternative open allows us to wait for an event, not cluttering our subjectivity with the weak justifications of the status quo. (we haven’t really used a stable card for this lately) 2NC: we talk about Kevin Spacey in American Beauty. Really quite straight forward through the rest of the debate. Our last major position is a critique of the gender assumptions of the affirmative. This position has taken many forms here is a common shell: Economic rationality enforces a public private dichotomy. Callari and Hyman in “Post-Colonialism meets economics.” Ed. Zein-Elabdin 2004 p. 118-9 Economic discourse has used two strategies…dichotomy of public/private liberal ideology, We will also read international law/international system patriarchy links. Not much special aside from the economic rationality link. Our impacts: Terminal impacts become inevitable- Peterson/Runyan- p. 12 Fixation on terminal impacts in patriarchy allows a host of other impacts Tickner 1992 Alternative: Endorse a gender analysis with a negative ballot. Peterson./Runyan “Global gender issues” 1993 p 10-11 CONCORDIA FF Negative@ UNI International Relations K: Economic discourse constructs public-private dichotomy privileging one perspective over others – Callan & Hyman 2004 Post-Colonialism Meets Economics p. 118-9 Underside exploration is exploitation Space Exploration exploits space but people two Angela Burr 2001 http://www-ssg.sr.unh.edu/preceptorial/Summaries_2001/summary9_2001.html Gatekeepers of IR include many voices so long as those voices are complicit with conventional nature of politics Bleiker Alternatives Vol. 22 p. 78 Aff’s use of autonomous rational actor forecloses any possible alternative analysis It’s nice to fool mother nature – Feminine App to Int’l Law - Soynerd & Little (Gender/FEM IR – Tickner, Peterson & Runyan) Photos of Sudanese children consumed – we become the perfect representation of violence – the local was obscured and violent colonialism fed – Kleinzmen 96 – Daedalus Violence becomes new pornography suffering = entertainment, violence becomes rationalized Bruckner & Bruckner 1986 – tears of the Whiteman: compassion as contempt Proliferation discourse precludes alternate Framing naturalizing problematic action – Mutimer 2000 “The Weapon State” p. 62, 156-7 ALTERNATIVE TO K – Advocate “sender analysis” and a negative ballot Cornell Cornell MT Neg Round 7 Shirley Vs Team: MSU AR Judge: Starks Case Args: Off Case Args: Inherency specification T – economic pressure distinct from diplomatic pressure Chaloupka K T “and” Block Strategy: Everything 2nr Strategy: T – economic pressure distinct from diplomatic Cornell MT Neg Round #6 Shirley Vs Team James Madison LG: Judge: Lindy S. Case Args: HR hypocrisy- poser mobile Off Case Args: Chinese Nationalism US Sino Relations Diplomatic pressure only CP Counterbalancing- on caselist (Walf) Topicality- economic pressure= sanctions Topicality- diplomatic pressure= diplomatic force Block Strategy: All but diplomatic pressure 2nr Strategy: Relations, CP, counterbalancing, hypocrisy Cornell MT Round 3 Shirley Michian Dearborn FS Judge: Ketsdever Case Args: Off Case Args: Topicality – and means two actions. Topicality – econ pressure = sanctions. Kritik of Extinction Rhetoric. Life is managed by apocalyptic rhetoric. Not just nukes. Coveillo, 2000 (Queer Frontiers, Peter, Ed. Boone. P. 39-41) NW = Textual Belief makes war more likely Derrida, 1984 (Jacques. No Apocalypse, Not Now. diacritics 14(2) 24) Apocalyptic rhetoric is used to justify extinction of periphery. Kato, 93 (348-9 Alternatives) Descriptive of Conflict is chance. William Chaloupka, 1992 (Knowing Nukes. P. 36-7) Arms Control --> Surveillance William Chaloupka, 1992 (Knowing Nukes. P. 37-8) Embrace apocalyptic, don’t fear. William Chaloupka, 1992 (Knowing Nukes. P. 137-8) Denies static meaning --> possibility of death. William Chaloupka, 1992 (Knowing Nukes. P. xi-xiii) Catastrophic is unpersuasive. Chaloupka 02 (The Tragedy of the Ethical Commons: Demoralizing Environmentalism the politics of moralizing. P. 113-140) Framework of survival gives nism ability to shape public and private absorbs challnenges. William Chaloupka, 1992 (Knowing Nukes. P. 1-2) Block Strategy: T- Econ and K 2nr Strategy: K Cornell MT neg Round 1 Shirley Vs. aff: Louisville BG Judged by: Vermitsky Case Args: Spivak/multilateralism Alternative – Novice Debate Block Strategy All 2NR Strategy All Cornell MT Pre Shirley Generic Neg Arguments: Economy: A) The World Economy is growing but is worryingly imbalanced Economist, September 22, 2005 (Economist Print Edition: “Restoring the Balance) B) Non-Confrontational Diplomatic and economic ties between the United States and China are key to the Global Economy The Business Times Singapore, September 6, 2005 (Issues between US and China, VIEWS AND OPINIONS; Editorial) l/n C) Economic Downturn will lead to nuclear war mead 92 Relations A) China U.S. Relations are stable. Both nations are co-operating on a myriad of issues. Xinhua News - October 19, 2005 Wednesday 9:00 AM EST (Chinese president meets US Defense Secretary, DOMESTIC NEWS; Political) B) Pressuring China will be ineffective and will crush US-China relations Qingguo, July 2002 (Jia [Professor and Associate Dean of the School of International Studies of Peking University] "Impact of 9.11 on Sino-U.S. Relations: A Preliminary Assessment" Brookings, http://www.brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/papers/2002_qingguo.pdf) C) Recent Progress on North Korea will act as a springboard for US-China co-operation on solving Iranian Proliferation Tisdall, September 21, 2005 (Simon [World Briefing Columnist] "The Sino-US pincer" Guardian International Pages, Pg. 22) l/n D) Our Impacts are immediate; If Diplomacy Fails to halt the Iranian nuclear program Israel will attack Iran Mahnaimi, March 13, 2005, ("Revealed: Israel plans strike on Iranian nuclear plant" Times Newspaper, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1522978,00.html) E) An Israeli attack would drag the US into a protracted war with Iran. Iran would retaliate by disrupting world oil supply causing economic collapse. When the Bombs hit the bunkers in Iran: World War 3 will be underway. Information Clearing House - 08/08/05 (by Mike Whitney "Why Iran Will Lead to World War 3" http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article9706.htm) Russia: A. UNIQUENESS: ALL IS STABLE IN CENTRAL ASIA: THE US AND RUSSIA HAVE STABLE RELATIONS, AS DO THE US AND CHINA Interfax News Agency 2005 [News Bulletin, July 6, 2005, “US doesn't see Central Asia as area of major powers rivalry – diplomat,” DATELINE: ALMATY. July 6 (Interfax-Kazakhstan)] B. PRESSURING CHINA HURTS US-RUSSIA RELATIONS: PRESSURING CHINA WOULD BE SEEN AS A MOVE TO SOLIDIFY US PREPONDERANCE, LEADING TO A BREAKDOWN IN US-RUSSIAN RELATIONS LEGVOLD, 2003 [The National Interest, 2002/2003 WINTER, “All the Way: Crafting a U.S.-Russian Alliance,” BYLINE: Robert Legvold] C. US-RUSSIAN RELATIONS KEY TO CHECKING PROLIFERATION L.A. Times 2K5 [Los Angeles Times, February 22, 2005 “Bush to Focus on Nonproliferation; The vulnerability of former Soviet states to inadvertent loss of nuclear material will be at the top of the agenda at talks with Putin.” Kim Barnes, L.A. Times staff writer (lexisnexis)] D. Proliferation results in global nuclear war Totten 94 [Samuel Totten, Associate Professor in the College of Education at the University of Arkansas, The Widening Circle of Genocide, 1994, p. 289] Nationalism: A. Uniquness - Bush’s recent policies towards China have increased cooperation between the countries, treating China as a genuine ally Jia, Professor and Associate Dean of the School of International Studies of Peking University, [Qingguo, “Learning to Live with the Hegemon,” Journal of Contemporary China, Volume 14, Number 44, August, pg. 395 – 407] B. Additionaly, unrest is growing but China does not yet face a serious threat to stability Economist, Sep 29th 2005 (The Economist print edition - Protests in China - The cauldron boils - A rise in mass action worries the party, prompting more intolerant measures, Accessed at www.economist.com) C. Link - A hostile international environment towards China triggers aggressive nationalism and revolts within the CCP Esteban, Ph.D. dissertation at the Centro de Estudios de Asia Oriental at the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 2005 [Mario, “Nationalism and Prospects for Political Change in China”, Working Papers, http://www.uam.es/centros/derecho/cpolitica/papers.htm] D. Nationalism threatens CCP survival Record, professor of strategy and international security at the Air War College and a senior research fellow at the Center for International Strategy, Technology, and Policy, 2001 [Jeffrey, “Thinking About China and War”, Aerospace Power Journal, Winter, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj01/win01/record.html] E. The impact is nuclear war San, 2004 [San Renxing, “The CCP’s Last-Ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War”, The Epoch Times, 8/4, http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-4/30931.html] CSU Fullerton Fullerton/Santa cruz IK neg Round #5 GSU Vs. aff: IPR, Wake GS Judged by: Luke Hill Psychoanalysis Kritik Tags in order: “It is easy to account for the fact that poor people around the world dream about becoming Americans—so what do the well-to-do Americans, immobilized in their well-being, dream about? About a global catastrophe that would shatter their lives—why? This is what psychoanalysis is about: to explain why, in the midst of well-being, we are haunted by nightmarish visions of catastrophes.”1 “The frame,” explains Zizek, even as it provides the context in which images can be interpreted, “is always being framed by part of its content.”2 The spectacle of language, producing film-like representations of reality and catastrophe, is part of an active imagination that connects the subject with a very real mental world in which fantasies come to life through the language of images. The frame transposes itself upon the viewers and captures the moment of crisis to be redeployed. The representations that we make in language serve to remind each of us of our own desires, and to show us that already we desire what we see, because this is the media that we ourselves have chosen to consume. Our recognition of objects depends upon the manner in which our unconscious perceptions are filtered by our conscious orientation. Objects are object-ed—they become objects—through the way they are perceived by the subject. We become subjects by perceiving objects, just as objects become objects by being perceived by subjects. This relationship occurs not only between subjects and objects, but between subjects and other subjects. This means that are certain times, the subject is also treated—by other subjects—as an object. As one subject attempts to perceive another, they reduce the other subject to an object who can be understood in terms of a static identity that is clearly interpretable as friend or enemy. The affirmative is an attempt to stage the appearance of the law so that subjectivity can be clearly separated and delineated. This is a sadistic drive for control that treats the other as an object in order to feel more like a subject, but this attempt fails and guarantees violence against the other who could not sustain our own subjectivity. Language means that we are unable to become the subject that we aspire to be; or rather, more accurately, we fail to recognize ourselves as being our ideal subject because we can only see ourselves represented in language. It is because the subject has a natural tendency to mis-recognize itself that the subject has trouble believing in itself. This tendency is built into language, which is how the subject experiences the world. The failure of the subject to believe in itself is the foundation of psychic life. Thus the eternal religious question: what is the meaning of life? To ask such a question, the subject must first have difficulty believing that the meaning of life is already present; to answer such a question the subject must find someone else that can guarantee belief in a particular meaning. What the subject really needs is someone who will believe in it. This frame of reality is dependent upon maintaining the relationship with the desire of the other. This relationship exists with every other individual, so is actually multiple relationships. Lacan terms the sum of all of these relationships with others—“little others”—the “big Other”. The subject wants to imagine itself satisfying everyone else's (the Other’s) demands, but it can't. All that the subject can do is fantasize about what is missing; the subject can contemplate the missing desire of the Other. This missing desire is called “the lack,” and is the sum of all possible relationships with others; if the subject was able to recognize themselves as their ideal image (the “Ideal I”) the lack would be filled and nothing would be missing. Since the subject’s failure to recognize themselves as their ideal image is a factor of language, the lack is also the space between the realm of representation—the frame of reality—and the “real” world that the subject interprets through language. This search for a new master is the search to organize society around the symbolic presence of something that could guarantee the consistency of the social order. But if the big Other doesn’t exist, something has to stand in for its place as the guarantor of social relations. As individuals we have the tendency to transpose this search for a new master onto other individuals with whom we interact. Whether this is the figure of God, the sovereign, the juridical order or the leader of an anarchist group, each serves the role of the big Other who guarantees the structure of things as they appear. This explains the often-observed occurrence that anarchist groups always tend to select a leader who speaks for the whole group—a tendency that mirrors the juridical structure that anarchists claim to be against. Even the anarchist group relies upon a keystone to preserve its integrity as a group; the very attempt to organize an anarchist group makes anarchy impossible because it is dependent upon the ordering of people around a central sign of the master. This realm of fantasy establishes the difference between friends and threatening monsters with a certain imaginary idea of what identities are desired and what identities will be seen as threatening. When the fantasy that sustains this distinction collapses, the figure that originally seemed to be expressing sentiments becomes just as easily perceived as a dangerous raving lunatic: it all depends on the frame in which an individual perceives the other. When a friend encroaches too closely on one's personal space the friend becomes a monster—someone who threatens the integrity of that personal space—and with the failure of the subject to satisfy the desire of all others, the horrific (traumatic) core of the other’s subjectivity is all that remains perceivable. We must give up this search for control. The affirmative stands as a moment that demands a response, but the affirmative crisis does not have to be understood in the terms the affirmative wants to explain it. Here we must follow the lessons of psychoanalysis and freeze the frame that frames this moment of reality. Our alternative is the psychoanalytic practice called scansion — the ending of each session at an arbitrary moment, reflecting the affirmative’s language back upon itself and asking: is this really what you, the affirmative, wants? Is this your fantasy? cites in order: global catastrophes link zizek 01 On Belief, pg. 31-32 The logic of this succession“ to „theoetical generalizations“ Staging the law link Bruce fink 1997 A Clinical Introduction to Lacanian Psychoanalysis: Theory and Technique p. 190-193 “In every movie” and “perversion nand jouissance” Search for control Jacques-Alain Miller 2000 Paradigms of Jouissance, trans. Jorge jauregui, lacanian Ink, ed. Josefina Ayerza, issue 17, aesthetics, fall 2000, p. 31-36 “A second paradox” and usage of repetition (like 4 pages long) resistance beginning link Zizek 95 Ideology between fiction and fantasy, 16 Cardozo L. Rev. 1511 “The paradox of a phantasmic element” Alternative: Scansion- fink book Block Strategy Don’t go to framework page, 2nc reads overview with new capitalism, growth bad and war links 1nr answers theory framework stuff and perm 2nc Says “your answers that apply to zizek don’t apply to us” and groups them all 2NR Strategy Lots of time on framework and overview Gets to line by line with minimal time, doesn’t extend theory on perm, just says incompatible. CSU Fullerton/Santa cruz IK neg Round #5 GSU Vs. aff: IPR, Wake GS Judged by: Luke Hill Psychoanalysis Kritik Tags in order: cites in order: global catastrophes link zizek 01 On Belief, pg. 31-32 The logic of this succession“ to „theoetical generalizations“ Staging the law link Bruce fink 1997 A Clinical Introduction to Lacanian Psychoanalysis: Theory and Technique p. 190-193 “In every movie” and “perversion nand jouissance” Search for control Jacques-Alain Miller 2000 Paradigms of Jouissance, trans. Jorge jauregui, lacanian Ink, ed. Josefina Ayerza, issue 17, aesthetics, fall 2000, p. 31-36 “A second paradox” and usage of repetition (like 4 pages long) resistance beginning link Zizek 95 Ideology between fiction and fantasy, 16 Cardozo L. Rev. 1511 “The paradox of a phantasmic element” Alternative: Scansion- fink book Block Strategy Don’t go to framework page, 2nc reads overview with new capitalism, growth bad and war links 1nr answers theory framework stuff and perm 2nc Says “your answers that apply to zizek don’t apply to us” and groups them all 2NR Strategy Lots of time on framework and overview Gets to line by line with minimal time, doesn’t extend theory on perm, just says incompatible. CSU Fullerton HP @ Gonz Round 4: Neg VS. Texas (Austin) SS NONE DISCLOSED Round 6: Neg VS. Southern California FV NONE DISCLOSED CSU Fullerton HP @ Gonz Round 2: Neg VS. Cal Berkeley GR 1NC Arguments: Teaching to transgress-->Bell Hooks Pedagogy of the oppressed-->Paulo Freire Threat Con “constructing the bioo Block Strategy: transgress and framework 1nr threat con 2NR Strategy: Transgress and P/W CSU Fullerton MM @ GSU Luis Magallon & Brenda Montes vs. WTO IPR Criticism of Banking Model of debate/Education- We need to make debate about liberation from oppression Praxis of Theory and Action- Bell Hooks Friere Pedagogy of the Oppressed WTO shuts down factories employing Dagong Mei (Chinese female workers who migrate from rural areas to factories in cities to escpae patriarchal oprresion) prevents opportunity for these women to change their lives Must look at the effect of plan on marginalized populations of the borders Micheal Freeman 2000 Huamn Rights and Asian Values “Universal Rights and Particular Cultures” p. 51-52 CSU Fullerton MM @ Gonz Round 4: Neg VS. Southern California FV Affirmative: Uighur Populations in China 1NC Arguments: No evidence in War in Iraq Turn China will become the US new Iraq We shouldn’t savior the US to put pressure Framework Bellhook 1994 teaching to transgress Round 6: Neg VS. Cal Berkeley GR NONE DISCLOSED CSU Fullerton MM @ Gonz Round 2: Neg VS. Southern California LN 1NC Arguments: Threat con of China comes from Cold War Wang, Ban “the Cold War, Imperial, Aestneths, and Area Studies” pg 45-46 Social Text Block Strategy: Paulo Friere “Pdagogy of the Oppressed” Bell Hooks “teaching to Transgress” 2NR Strategy: Threat Con CSU Fullerton PM Neg Round #5 Shirley Vs Team: Denver EM Judge: Scott Odekirk Case Args: Off Case Args: Fear Politics Bad Play music and such Block Strategy: same 2nr Strategy: same CSU-Fullerton PM Neg Round 4 Shirley Vs Team: Marist AK Judge: Jason Regnier Case Args: Turn – they increase neo-liberalism Off Case Args: Liberation of oppressor – Friere Human rights cause intervention – Michael Clifford Santos – collective suicide Hypocrisy Block Strategy: Case, Friere, Human Rights bad, hypocrisy 2nr Strategy: Hypocrisy, Friere CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonz Round 4: Neg VS. Whitman College AH Neg vs IPR Vs Whitman KS Round 5 Gonzaga 9-18-05 We changed the 1AC to include our interp. of framework, the disease adv., and some cards to heg. against their state/localism args. Their arguments are all based on hypocrisy. They claim that the U.S. is hypocritical which co-opts all of our decisions to point the finger at another country. Fortunately. They have no specific examples of how the U.S. has been hypocritical over IPR. I make a perm argument in the 2AC that their args. are not competitive with the plan, so we can completely perm it. They drop the perm until the 2NR. You must take out their “style” to win in the round, which the Coverston evidence can do, but make sure your permutation is able to cover this. It will be their final voter in the end—style vs. content. RFD: Whitman—based off the Coverstone ev. which proves activism in debate is bad Round 5: Neg VS. Whitman College KS NONE DISCLOSED CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonz Round 2: Neg VS. CSU Fullerton MP NONE DISCLOSED CSU Northridge CSU Northridge CL @ Gonz Round 4: Neg VS. San Francisco State MN Affirmative: Trafficking in person 1NC Arguments: K 1AC demand on state entrenches state as symbolic institutions of social relations Nayer 99, symposium: RE-Framing international law for the 21st century State is an artificial colonial organization that commodities conceptions of humanity as production consumption Nayer 1999 CP: their aff Block Strategy: 2NC Net - Benefit, and Turns 1NR – Answers to Perm 2NR Strategy: CP and Case Turns Round 6: Neg VS. Pepperdine SW Affirmative: 1NC Arguments: Block Strategy: 2NR Strategy: CSU Northridge CL @ Gonz Round 1: Neg VS. Fresno City College BY Affirmative: Tibet – Critical 1NC Arguments: Empire Hardt , Empire Negri, The Multitude Agamben Bad Hardt Relations D/A China View 2005 Soloman and Hitt 2005 Qingguo 2000 Haass 2005 Kaplan 2005 Zizeck – Indicts Harat and Zizeck 2000 T- Substantial Words and Phrases 2003 T-Economic Pressure Sanctions, Daily 2005 Case Turns Micropitical action of Agamben Bad Goble 1998 Non-State Alternative are what Agamben Calls For Plan Buys into State Action Betraying Agemben’s Advocacy Block strategy: One T, CP, DA, Empire and Case Solvency Turns Extended, and the case args turned into Empire Links and Turns on the Perm Solvency 2NR Strategy: Go For Case, Ks and Conditionality Good Dartmouth Dartmouth BM Neg Round # 7 Shirley Vs Team: Wyoming CD Judge: sam maurer Off Case Args: 2 off T: incentives are not pressure Roger fisherreligion the Atlanta journal and constitution april 25 93 “the starting point in designing” and “those of saying ‘no”” Journal of Int’l Law 98 summer23 yale j int’l l 591 “diplomatic pressure” “use of force” Carrots gives satellite data Incentives/pressure distinct Journal again “Rothschild outlines” and “the use of force” Pressure and incentives are alt strategies Dr tobias nischalke world market analysis may 13 2003 “what will probably” and “totalitarian regime” Wipe out- Fear of Death K! A) speculate future, end of world, nothingness overwhelms us, predicates existence on death Lincoln 99 Death makes us guilty, life only possible because we’re born, singular being- radical openness, Lingus 99 “anxiety= what is possible for existence” determine potential to be structures essence. Live to avoid death makes life bad. 2. Jumanji Voting for the possibility of death means affirming it, voting aff doesn't do anything but it does mean a bad relationship with death Lingus 99 Only an open relationship to death good Carse 80 Death and Existence pg. 423 CX of 1NC: We’re explaining the way that life often works Anxiety from fear of death- why is this bad? Neg: trying to control life prevents the openness of possibility which is why we form relationships with other people. Why is policy escape into nothingness- policy responses because nothingness is on you everything. Strategies to avoid death The very act of being born means we structure our entire lives around death. Time CITES: Attempting to eliminate or denigrate death destroys any meaning to existence Serge latouche 96 The Westernization of the world pg. 55-56 AT: perm The perm is based on anxiety. You should endorse an unconditional acceptance of radical possibility Alfonso lingus 89 deathbound subjectivity pg. 128 Mutually exclusive- we must forgo both death in the harms constructions and the means to avoid them. William a. reinsmith may 1990 http://www.worldandi.com/public/1990/may/ns7.cfm “if it is reasonable to hold a state” and “one patient phrased it” 2. severance- voter Perm fails a) fiat of wil. Our lingus alt evidence indicates you can’t fiat a change of existence. This is not fiat is illusory. This is a d/a to including the plan in the perm. Fiat of will fails because to fully commit to potentiality one must be free to death. Planning existence is the opposite. b) goodness- the aff doesn't fully commit to possibility. You should vote for complete possibility, that can only be by voting for the possibility of impossibility, or the possibility of death This is their must read perm answer: Speaking through the FG means we aren’t speaking for our own singularity and uniqueness. Judicial and legislative pronouncements have their places, but not for expressing a good relationship to life and death Lingus p.125-6 deathbound subjectivity ** note this evidence does say that being doesn't speak through laws (like kant) it says for Heidegger its being as its own. As in language which is more important. Not really sure why language is so much more important than laws though, just kinda says heid. Says so. AT: framework D-Rule preservation of life sets rigid limits on debate because death is understood as finality William a. reinsmith may 1990 science and spirit http://www.worldandi.com/public/1990/may/ns7.cfm “numerous critics” and “utter finality of death” Must break our addiction to death, love solves Bell hooks all about love 2000 pg 191-194 AT: kelsang 1. wake misunderstands kelsang a) healthy fear. By a healthy fear of death, Every affirmation of a policy carries with it certain political understandings and relationships to the world. Shapiro 92 michael reading the postmodern polity pg 88-89 Kritik comes first- it asks what decisions should be decided Austin kutscher 80 death and Existence foreward Block Strategy: Went for Topicality Square one- part of plan offers the deal- more tech training Allow cases, US buying off Chinese weapons US international action, guaranteed solvency, plan bans stuff that a china wants us to ban Don't overlimit Contextual ev- never said pressure = sanctions, Carrots/sticks- this is a neg card, tech transfers Dip pressure = threat, juts says NK is pressure, but the part of the deal that sanctions the US is econ pressure on the US not China, extrat T voter in 1NC. Export controls- US doesn’t want a treaty, change US stance. Do allow core cases- econ mechanisms, capital market sanctions key part of MTCR, all of them threaten to make things worse for china if they don’t comply. Distinctions. Stops bidirectionality Distinct strategy X Mixture strategies from it, just have to be pure pressure Undermine core policy making- god given right to relations DA on this topic, fairness and education topic should not be resolved: talk about china. Core part of the topic. No ev defining quid pro quo Pressure/incentives distinct Int’l law 98 Reasonability 1. extra T unreasonable arbitrarily spike out, not predicatble 2. no moving goal post, best 3. judge intervention- arbitrarily assert 4. judge intervention outweighs goal post, 50% better 5. double the topic 6. bi- dir linear 7. ground increase bad- spare us your charity 8. drop the 1NC reason which is why extra T. couldn't deploy it. Kritik The link is conceded all junk of suffering is new in CX. All turns are circular, death is key to solve death. Dropped the jumanji argument- trivialize the deaths of others, no value of life argument. AT: no link 1. they frame their 1ac in terms of global security- anxiety something we can inherently know type of repression, life/guilt. Doesn’t apply to jumanji, use the world omnicide, not about personal death fear of world. AT: policies of US solved 1. FW win doesn't matter 2. what do with ballot AT: geoust 1. healthy fear shold be aware and have a spiritual death. Move onto the next life X 2. setabelt analog y is an analogy- people can’t 3. double turn with framework- only good when can do something about it fiat pretend, their evidence 03 X 4. 1nc lewis open to death. AT: anxiety- psychoanalytic death drive, Greenspan ev: 1. tainted love, 2. must break spectacle of death to love Hooks 2000 AT: Fearing nuclear weapons 1. Become obsessed with the bomb X 2002 1NR: AT: gov nukes 1. impact outweighs- specter of death outweighs nuke war Zimmerman card Contesting earth’s future pg. 119 2. latouche ev conceded death destroys the very meaning of existence FrameworK 1. consciousness most important Lingus 2. all alternative- have to get stuck wit hit 3. doesn't allow CPs aff would always lose 4. K comes first- lingus necessary first choice, 5. no time skew- 2 off, most predictable 6. impossible to separate plan X 7. kritik key to education o/w topic specific education X 8. err neg- nothing to interpret it 9. factual question- even kulynych good for a couple of reasons. Can’t separate questions. Evaluate. Don't moot the 1ac actively engaging AT: perm 1. int bad moving target, VOTER didnt justify resolution 2. impact turned the aff 3. voting issue again 4. heart of destruction condition- X 5. speaking through X AT: Timeframe 1. lingus imposes on us, impact already comes before AT: kulynych 1. they limit debate and politics X AT: 1ac Nuclear war extinction tons of times in the 1ac Idea of specter of death and baudrillard ev. Fiat people become fiat pets AT: fetisization 1. evidence just says pomo celebrates anxiety, we’re not that type, heidegerian different don’t just say- reason why step back from anxiety is because open to death is different, infinite, ebcauese dehat is imposible make it a possibility. Best relationship with other people. AT: consequentialism 1. weigh life value, bad way to evaluate consequences. 2nr Strategy: Topicality Dartmouth BM Neg Round # 5 Shirley Vs Team:Oklahoma CJ Judge: Lancaster Off Case Args: 1. K! of ocular centrism A) modal metaphors impose a certain meaning on actions; examine this before justice claims B) aff uses viausl metaphors “highlight” “expose” C) 1.) this stifles dissent, disempowers those not included in metaphor 2) turns case- this blocks dissent with discursive practices Do the 1ac without the visual metaphors All cards from hillits, December 94 Cardozo LR, Dec “modul metaphors directly or indirectly” 2. baudrillard/human rights K In case book Dartmouth BM Neg Round 4 Shirley Vs Team: Kansas BL Judge: hardy Case Args: China not key to trade deficit Anderson, far east economic review, vol 168, December 2004 ‘because of these…fate of the US economy’ Yuan not key to global econ Anderson, far east economic review, vol 168, December 2004 ‘the bottom line…large scheme of things’ Tbills turn Telegraph, 6/19/05 www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2005/06/19/ccchina19.xml&menuId=242&sSheet=/money/2005/06/19/ixcoms.html ‘china has immense power…more protectionist already’ Reval causes deflation Mainwire, 9/6/05 ‘the way to correct…effect on the world economy’ Deflation kills econ Frank 7/1/03, dollars and sense ‘deflation inflicts substantial harm…lowering interest rates’ Globalization causes job losses Bottelier 04 china business review, may june ‘job losses in the United States…economic globalization’ No global modeling Eichengreen, 9/04 http://papers.neber.org/papers/w10768.pdf ‘globally, the impact…from a yuan revaluation’ Industry not key to manufacture Anderson, far east economic review, vol 168, December 2004 ‘first world manufacturers…wal-mart or tesco’ China not hurt defense base Lewis 6/23/05 congressional hearings ‘the underlying question…risk to national security Defense uses 1% of steel Csm, march 18, 2002 ‘in arguing for protection…steel output, he says’ China key to cheap steal Griswold 10/31/03, congressional hearings ‘critics of trade with china…rose 14 percent’ Tarrifs cause backlash Hufbauer, 9/04 www.iie/publications/pb/pb04-5.pdf ‘we subscribe..fast growth in china’ Off Case Args: Hu DA Immigration bad politics Da Jumanji Fear of death inev Conwell, nov-dec 2000 www.theosophical.org/theosophy/questmagazine/novdec200/conwell/ ‘psychologist Gregory Zilboorg…the fear of death’ Cp to ban pressure Block Strategy: All but immigration 2nr Strategy: Hu DA and case takeouts Dartmouth BM Neg Round # Shirley Vs: Liberty CK (IPR) Judge: Nathan Ketsdever (Catholic) Case Args: -Status quo solves the complaint -US will lose the complaint -No enforcement -Losing is worse -Pressure not key to IPR (Long, 05) “Talking about protection… and we will take action.” -Economy manufacturing not key (Griswald 03) -Other things destroy manufacturing (Griswald 03) -US pressure fails (Gerry Everding 05, Washington University News and Info. “China is by far…some of the pirates themselves.”) -Eliminating piracy won’t increase sale of legitimate goods (Ted Fishman 05, China, Inc. pp. 246 “There is however… piracy is okay.” -Ending IPR piracy is a drop in the bucket – structural advantage = China’s market will overwhelm US (Pete Engardio and Dexter Roberts, Business Week Online, 12-6-04, “That’s what China is an…according to the US Conference Board.” -Increased enforcement fails absent market opening (Eric A. Smith 10-31-03 Hearing on US-China Economic Relations and China’s Role in the Global Economy “Despite enormous seizures of…in the enforcement environment.” Off Case Args: Politics – Immigration Reform (on caselist) a) lack of political capital = no immigration reform now b) industries support WTO compliance c) The Bill causes immigration explosion, crashing the economy for multiple reasons Balance 01 “are also pushing a Guestworker program… resulted in encouraging even more people.” Hu Politics = on the list CP – Exclude Viagra = on the list Block Strategy: 2NC – CP, Case, 1NR = Politics DAs 2nr Strategy: Hu Politics and Case Dartmouth BM Pre Shirley neg args we've gone for: -jumanji - theory argument don't use death impacts -death cult - theory argument don't use fear of death -critical wipeout - kritik argument don't fear death -hu da - plan upsets hu's agenda, hu's agenda is good -consult india -immigration reform bad -nuclear deal bad -human rights K (human rights are bad) -baudrillard K (whatever the aff says is bad we say doesn't exist, much like the iraq war) ok so our human rights stuff is really disorganized, and we don't actually have a shell or blocks, so i'll just give some tags and cites we usually read at some point in the debate: we solve their impact better - ethical deliberation is better than preordaining it russ shafer-landau '3 (moral realism: a defence, p. 294) ethics prescribed by rules aren't ethics at all bauman 95 life in fragments: essays in postmodern morality p. 4 recognizing contingency of ethics doesnt destroy normative decisionmaking - it's key to it joan c williams 2k in A Pragmatist's Progress ed John Pettegrew (haha Pettegrew, similar to that harry potter dude) p. 64-6 we're situationalism not relativism fiona robinson (lots of good movies with a fiona character, come to think of it) 99 "Globalizing care: Ethics, Feminist Theory, and Itnernational Relations" p. 41 intuitionism solves shafer-landau '3 Moral Realism: A Defence 250-2 deconstructive ethics still link - question structure but not substance of IR Mark F.N. Franke 2K European Journal of International Relations 6.3 p. 317-8 constantly questioning ethics isn't enough - ethic frame still bad franke 2k p. 323-4 their advocacy is about the narcissistic desire to judge, not actually do good David Kennedy '2 Harvard Human Rights Journal 15 Harv Hum Rts J 99 @120 "Promotes bad faith... solidarity with its bad faith" victimization - aff presents in good/evil terms that destroy complex situations kennedy '2 15 Harv Hum Rts J 99 @ 111-2 "Not just bad for victims ... of human righs abuse" cosmopolitan ethics intensify imperialism in the name of universality rbj walker '3 "Polis, Cosmpolis, Politics" Alternatives 28 p. 282-284 "In the context of multiply contested but ... can be legitimzed by both" orientalist human rights obliterate otherness in the name of preserving it kennedy '2 15 Harv Hum Rts J 99 @ 120 "Perils of 'representation.'...self-serving sentimentalism" operational totalitarianism of humanity culminates in the manufacture of ultimate inhumanity alain finkielkraut 2k In the Name of Humanity, trans Judith Fridlander 77-8 "Achieving everything while fighting...give no sign of thinking" Alt: Negate the vocabulary of human rights. This is a prerequisite to open up alternative emancipatory strategies kennedy '2 15 Harv Hum Rts J 99 @ 108 "human rights occupies the field ... matter of scarce resources" human righst legalize existence, culminating in totalitarianism costas douzinas 2K the end of human rights p. 321-2 "But the progressive legalisation of existence ... barred bodily wholeness" us econ and dipl pressure is global panoptic relationship, limitless violence clayton morgareidge '1 "As the world's only remaining superpower...with the power to punish instantaneously" pressure on other governments manifests a larger project of turning life into the operation of legal sanction. humanity is reduced to a mass of passive victims in whose name we must punish the world badiou '1 Ethics: An Essay on the understanding of evil p. 8-10 "The explicit reference of this orientation ... unbridled competition" humanitarianism feeds on catastrophe finkielkraut 2k p. 88-94 human rights based ethics frame humanity as a mass of subhuman victims badiou '1 p. 11-13 "in the first place, because the status ... of its subhumanity" refusing the total ethical judgment of human rights opens up new political possibilities franke 2k "the conflict and interrelations that may ... obscures such intent" refuse to sign onto the categorical world of human rights. instead of inflicting anger upon the world through pressure, critical thought should refuse to have happiness taken from us theodor adorno '72 The Culture Industry p. 118-203 "We older representatives of that for which...from him has not resigned" advocacy for human rights in china fetishize political repression, annihnilating subaltern positions michael dutton '99 "Street scenes of Subalterntiy: China, Globalization, and Rights" Social Text 17.3 "On 5 June 1989, the West found its own unknown soldier ... more about this distinction" human rights are theological dogma william rasch '4 Sovereignty and its Discontents p. 17-8 "Habermas, however, celebrates ... of the rights of man" Neg vs. Sanction China to stop pointing missiles at TW CONSULT INDIA (cites below) ASPEC/SANCTIONS SPEC JUMANJI a. the aff colonizes and enslaves the Other's death by using it as an advantage--> neutralization of life as a commoditiy Baudrillard 93 SYMBOLIC EXCHANGE AND DEATH traslated grant, pp. 162-3 b. deferrall of death under the sign of the plan tursn debate judges into lawyers of death control--> extermination under the law of value. same book, pp. 173-175 c. this is a theory argument. CASE DEFENSE Neg vs. Forced Labor Human rights K (david will send cites) T you must be a quid pro quo; can't just punish China Neg vs. Agreed Framework Taiwan aff CRITICAL WIPEOUT individual beings have choice in how we relate to death and life. key question is how we relate to existence; this means we must be open toward death. lingus in 89, in the book DEATHBOUND SUBJECTIVITY, p. 125, . 112-13, 115-117, 129-130, 117-118 zimmerman in 94, book CONTESTING EARTH'S FUTURE, p. 119 Neg vs. ESEA CRITICAL WIPEOUT T Neg vs. Taiwan FTA DEATH CULT A. aff frames ballot in terms of strategies to avoid dying; this gets us obsessive and destroys joy of living http://www.goodshare.org/progress.html "responds to this fear of mortality" B. it's a theory argument, vote neg if our interp of debate is best. ASPEC T on means targeted at CONSULT INDIA it would be anti-educational not to talk about consult india http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN015790.pdf "a debate seems to be emerging" dialogue key to relations http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa381.pdf "both critics and supporters of President Clinton's performance in India" US ambivalence--> russia/china/india trinagle same article, "the mistakes of U.S. policy toward India" kills heg and causes WWIII same article, "India's joining ranks with China" consultation solves (same article "that pervasive fear and mistrust") India will never say no The Hindu 7/22/05 "new delhi today has bound itself to an" they want to be consulted on random stuff, not important stuff http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Tellis.India.Global.Power.FINAL.pdf "when the bilateral relationship was at its most intense" NEG VS ATCA human rights K T quid pro quo this is everything we did at kentucky. NEG vs. internetZ. (Twice at UKY; the counterplan and jumanji one round, the kritik the other) Immigration Reform DA (David will send politics cites) ASPEC CONSULT INDIA JUMANJI GENDER K Realit knowledge reflects and privileges the male experience Tickner in 92 GENDER AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS p. 52 hence extinction Steans 98 GENDER AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, AN INTRODUCTION p. 104 vote neg to expose and criticize the aff's gendered assumption steans 98 p. 2 CASE ARGUMENTS: Canada will fill-in http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0704/0704nortelchina.htm "a more troubling question, especially for Canadians" China will pull the plug on all internet without filtering tech RAND report, 2002, Michael Chase and James Mulvenon, "You've got Dissent! Chinese Dissident Use of the Internet and Beijing's Counterstrategies" "the chinese government has consistently" Spamming overwhelms censorship same report "powerless to prevent overseas activists from spamming" p2p sharing checks censorship same, "may increasingly turn to emerging peer-to-peer" PRC bureaucratic infighting limits censorship. Kalathil and Boas in 01 "power struggles and turf-grabbing by various ministries" http://www.carnegieendowment.org/FILES/21KALATHILBOAS.PDF Neg vs Forced Labor Same strategy as GSU Neg vs IPR/Drugs CRITICAL WIPEOUT Neg vs Oklahoma's "celebrate dissent" aff: Human rights K with baudrillard alternative Neg vs. Whitman BM's "cities of refuge" aff: human rights K Case frontline Neg vs. Agreed Framework aff JUMANJI HU DA: World Markets Analysis 10/11 hu power is growing "the plenum has not only provided hu" plan kills hu leadersihp straits times 11/19/02 "china's fourth generation of leaders will work" hu power key to overcome opposition to income gap reforms "south china morning post" 10/3/05 Alexander Sharavin 10/3/05 Defense and Security "a billion chinese people are still living in misery" IMMIGRATION REFORM DA lack of political capital means no immigration reform now hernandez 10/4/5 "along with a reasonable plan to allow" immigration reform kills economy balance '2 www.balance.org/alerts/alert092001.html "would propel the United States ever more quickly toward a population" global war business world 98 "global recession will spawn wars of all kinds" u cards: nyt 10/6/05 "the reasons for the perceived paralysis" dallas morning news 10/6/5 "limited agenda: though bush maintained at Tuesday's" deseret morning news 10/2/05 "once you get on that downward spin, it's tough to break the cycle" knight ridder 10/2/05 "with political pressure focused on making immigration tougher" same case arguments as other dartmouth teams Neg vs. Sudan/Africa aff Human Rights K Neg vs. Yuan Same as CS neg vs. Yuan, except with Hu DA and minus T. Neg vs. Taiwan FTA CRITICAL WIPEOUT Neg vs Hukou/Borderlands aff We just talked about differences and similarities and how we should affirm differences, not similaritie Dartmouth BM neg Round 7 GSU Vs. aff: Wake CH (EASA) Judged by: Marissa Silber Topicality – on, diplomatic Can’t be on Europe, must be directly on China Death Cult K Block Strategy Death Cult T 2NR Strategy Death Cult Dartmouth BM@ GSU Hunter Brooks & David Marks Dartmouth BM Neg vs northwestern Receptacle k the aff’s claim of moral duty neatly papers over our responsibility to other Others. This shift from individual ethical judgement to a smooth moral code renders inevitable the suffering and death of the millions whose plight is ruled outside the sphere of ethics. Derrida, The gift of Death pg 83-86 “One of them keeps in reverse the possibility” and “part nothing more than a murderer?” b)vote neg. reject the aff’s ethical framework. M war -> monoculture -> cigarettes PIC out of Pharmaceuticals, NB is ARVs, china producing them cheap key to solve aids PIC out of Viagra, without cheap viagra chinese will use tiger penises which kills species China Econ DA IPR key to china econ china Econ decline kills world econ and causes lashout us will file now china say no china retaliate with tech standards plan increases drug prices, disease kills -yuan T currency not trade, only f/x trade us econ da -bond yeilds/housing sector gradual reval now not solve trade deficit - other issues, trade diverted to other asian countries reval kills china econ - causes deflationary trap/capital outflows Human Rights Enagement CP (Yitan and Drury) Human Rights K links (ignores subaltern, universal bad, colonialist) not abusing HR that much now ban internet tech kills chinese internet, kills hr Weapons Non-Prolif US-EU defense cooperation DA, its good for NMD, which stops attacks vs. europe China not aggressive, mod not cause war Pharmaceuticals CP 1nc Muzi News, 5/16/05, http://news.muzi.com/ll/english/1363051.shtml, "The United States could bring...case can't be brought, he said" AIDS Map, 7/12/05, www.aidsmap.com/en/news/24B33FA6-89CB-42BA-880F-18D774FF85D6.asp, "the rapid scale-up of...could sell them around the world." Oxfam Briefing Paper, march 02, www.oxfam.qc.ca/html/politique/PDFpolitique/15trips.rtf, "allowing production for export...high prices everywhere" Joanne Mariner, 11/26/03, http://reclaimdemocracy.org/weekly_2003/patent_profit_aids_deaths.html, "in their vulnerability...prohibitively high" 1nr Herald, 3/24/05, "no developing country...is supremely important" Daily Nation (Kenya), 7/15/00, "every age has its killer...so hopelessly in jeopardy" Some IPR cites The US will file a case now Barfield 7/15/05, FNS, lexis "And once we've gone down...remain on the table" China lacks the capability to crack down Shenkar 5/27/05, Financial Times, lexis "It is not only that...legal transfer of technology" Pressure not key--China will protect IP for internal reasons Long 5/23/05, www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=529 "Talking about protection...world business community" US pressure fails Everding 9/8/05, new-info.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/5691.html "China is by far the world's...the pirates themselves" China growth high now Xinhua 9/17/05 "China's economic growth has averaged...according to the OECD survey" Plan kills China's economy Blodget 4/12/05, slate.msn.com/id/2116629/?nav=navoa "In China, piracy...now bogus stuff" Counterfeiting key to local economies Chow 4/20/04, purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS54626 "State Support of Counterfeiting...defended at local levels" Piracy isn't constraining China's Gorwth Chow 5/16/05, frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getcod.cgi?dbname=109_house_hearings&docid=f:21813.wais "I know that many...seeing something new" FDI leads to financial crisis in China Peerenboom Winter 04, Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law "While FDI may stimulate...and other rights" DARTMOUTH CS NEG VS EMORY CL @ GSU CHINESE TAIPEI CP TAIWAN ADVANTAGE US CAN’T MEDIATE BETWEEN CHINA/TAIWAN DICKSON 2002 – JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA 11(33) “THE DISTANCE BETWEEN CHINA AND TAIWAN ON RESOLVING THE ISLAND’S” … “THE PUSH FOR PEACE IN THE TAIWAN STRAIT CANNOT COME FROM THE US” NO DIALOGUE BETWEEN CHINA AND TAIWAN LUGAR 2001 – HTTP://WWW.AMERICANOUTLOOK.ORG/INDEX.CFM?FUSEACTION=ARTICLE_DETAIL&ID=1534 “THE TWO SIDES REMAIN AT AN IMPASSE” … “BOTH CHINA AND TAIWAN ARE PREOCCUPIED WITH DOMESTIC ISSUES” … “PROCUREMENT OF SOPHISTICATED DEFENSIVE WEAPONS” DIALOGUE INCREASING ACROSS THE STRAIT CHENG-YI LIN 2001 – AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY INTERESTS 23:87-98 – CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES IN THE TAIWAN STRAIT “TAIPEI AND BEIJING HAVE ALREADY BEGUN TO CONDUCT A DIALOGUE” … “TAIWAN’S NEW GOVERNMENT HAS DEVELOPED A DIFFERENT ATTITUDE” JAPAN ADVANTAGE China japan relation s will not substantially drop Sutter 02 washington quarterly “despite these signs of conflict binding forces still exist…grown markedly” High level dialogue occurring between japan and china Pryzstup csis.org/pacfor/cc/0501qjapan_china.html “informal working level talks between Japanese and Chinese diplomats… working-level officials” Sino Japanese relations good despite problems Straits times 04 “sino-japanese relations are generally… actual deeds Disputes wornt affect sino Japanese relations Sutter 02 “china’s and japan’s recent policy and…. And prosperty…. No threats to sino Japanese relations Sutter 02 “little appears to be on the horizon that…. Be relatively small Sino Japanese problems will eb resolved quickly Heginbotham 02 (foreign affairs sept / oct) “as japan’s perceived economic interests in china… sunk inside of china’s eez” Relations – NK - US-Sino relations growing. IHT 9/23 “a blunt but nonconfrontaitonal exchange” to “not going to be conflict, either” Tousheng 9/23 www.chinadaily.com.cn/English/doc/2005-09/23/content_480263.htm “China’s attitude towards” to “destruction and counter terrorism” - Taiwan is the deciding factor in relations Glaser 01, American Foreign Policy Interests, “US-China Relations: Moving Forward” v23 377-386 “Taiwan remains the most sensitive” to “vulnerabilities to military coercion by China” Tucker 00 taiwansecurity.org/IS/Tucker-032400.htm “what is clear is that the issue” to “we will examine these six factors” sino-us coop key to 6 party talks lam 8/16/05, “hu seeks breakthrough forthcoming summit with bush” www.jamestown.org/news_details.php?news_id=134# “at the same time, the atmospherics” to “nuclear stockpiles and facilities” if talks fail the us will pursuie military options Cha 02, International Security, 27.1, “Hawk Engagement and Preventive Defense on the Korean Peninsula” “if engagement fails” to “investment in the future” military action leads to nuke war Carpenter and Bandow 04, The Korean Conundrum: America’s Troubled Relations with Norht and South korea, p. 90 economic pressure destroys coop on wmd Segal 04, the WQ, “china’s support on a range of issues” to “the government in the united states” threats hurt relations Carpenter and Dorn 03, www.cato.org/pubs/handbook/hb108/hb108-57.pdf “it would be a major mistake” to “have congressional support” a/t reactors kill talks Seattle times 9/20, “late yesterday state department” to “negotiations with the Clinton administration” didn’t kill the pact ABC 9/20, “North korea jeopardized” to “this did not mean the pact was dead” will be worked out Bloomberg 9/20 “china’s government, which hosted the six-nation talks” to “Qin said” won’t stop talks Kerr 05, www.armscontrol.org/act/2005_09?NKoreaTalks9-05.asp “the United States says it opposes” to “be flexible on the issue” talks key to stop war AFX – Asia 1/20/05, “shen of fudan university” to “India and Pakistan, too” even if they cheat diplomacy solves stossel 8/05, “North Korea: the war game” www.theatlantic.com/doc/200507/stossel “I pointed out that the north korea” to “is not under control” china key to engagement Wu 05, The WQ, “What China Whispers to North Korea” p. 47 Bishop 05, Dismantling North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons Program p. 2, Strategic Studies Institute monograph, “china plays a pivotal role” to “peaceful resolution of the nuclear issue” Clarity ==> war Scmitt and Kristol 12/2/03, The Daily Standard “Moriarty’s second proposal” to “independence is already unacceptable” Support for independence ==> conflict Goldman 99 www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/goldman.html “one matter is abundantly clear” to “might this lead to military confrontation?” Osius 02 The US-Japan Securitiy Alliance: why it matters and how to strengthen it p. 2 Zagoria 04, www.ncafp.org/projects/NEasia/roundoct04_CSIS.pdf “another participant asserted that the biggest threat” to “cannot count on our assistance” US pressure to increase dialogue backfires Tung 04 “Taiwan-US-China Relations”, Institute for National Policy Research, Issue 53, “as long as any amendments” to “functional or economical issues” Pressure fails Ross 01, National Interest, “in the face of such potential trouble” to “cooperating with China’ Pan 03, above, “the dilemma of dual deterrence” to “give them something” Gong 4/15/99, FNS “the u.s. interest is that both sides” to “clearly well-intentioned efforts” Campbell and Mitchell 01, Foreign Affairs, “in an attempt to remedy this situation” to “position from the mainland one” Lin 01, American Foreign Policy Interests, 23: 87-98, Confidence Building Measures in the Taiwan Strait, “since the discontinuation of cross-strait” to “arrangement or agreement(s)” China opposes US interest in Taiwan Bi 99, Naval War College Review, “Beijing, commonly recognized as the sole” to “continue to divide East and Southeast Asia” recognizing Taiwan ==> instability and conflict Ross 01, above, “if Chinese leaders believe’ to “such as Boeing” DARTMOUTH CS T VS MSU BH @ GSU CURRENCY NOT = TRADE WILLIAMSON AND BERGSTEN 1983 – INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS TRADE POLICY IN THE 1980S, PAGE ASK DARTMOUTH The bifurcation between money and trade at both the analytical and policy levels is understandable yet strange. It is understandable for three reasons. First, different officials and, usually, different ministries are responsible for monetary and trade matters in most countries. Different institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) bear such responsibilities at the international level. The degree of coordination between these groups waxes and wanes over time, depending upon the individuals who man them, but there are few systematic interlinkages. Hence there is no assured method to coordinate monetary and trade policies, either in national capitals or internationally. Even within the academic world, few economists specialize in both trade and monetary affairs and are thus in a position to recognize the relationships between them. Dartmouth CS @ GSU Kathryn Clark & Brian Smith Vs Olympics - North Korean refugees 1. T - Olympics aren't economic pressure. Pressure defined by means Baldwin 85, Economic Statecraft p.30. Olympics not economic pressure www.usaengage.org/archives/studies/users.html "A sender country also ….financial institutions." 2. Kritik of Human Right Alain Badiou Ethics 01 pg 8-10 Peter Nyers Millenium Spring 99 pg 19-21 Alain Fiabielbraut, In the Name of Humanity 00 pg 77-8 David Kennedy, Harvard Human Rights Journal Spring 02 "Hegemony as … scarce resources" 3. Engagement CP Yitan and Drury 11/04. International Studies Perspectives 5:4 "With all the American… its policies generate." 4. A Spec Dartmouth KO Neg Round 6 Shirley Vs Team: MSU BH Judge: Katsulas Off Case Args: Hu DA T currency not trade Housing Bubble DA Yuan reval kills the housing market Economist, 10/25/03 ‘a final reason…buoyed consumer spending’ That kills the economy Economist, 6/18/05 ‘the housing market…to look overseas’ Block Strategy: Hu, housing bubble, case D Read econ resilient in block to takeout the case 2nr Strategy: Hu DA and case takeouts Dartmouth KO Round 1 Lindy Simosen Kansas State SZ T ECONOMIC PRESSURE Economic pressure should be defined by the means used Baldwin 85 Economic Statecraft pages 39-40 Plan does not use economic means- must be aneconomic transaction Weintraub 1982 Economic Coercion in US Foreign Policy page 12 Anything could be economic pressure- everything has effects- must define by means Baldwin 1985 Economic Statecraft pages 33-34 Every form of thinking does violence, even calls for total inclusion inevitably exclude Bleiker 1998 Alternatives v23 pages 489-490 Limits key to effective discussion Bauman 1999 In Search of Politics page 4-5 Meaningful discussion of performative politics depends on limits. Performative politics cannot be severed from the violence of boundaries or the instrumental aspects of political debate Torgerson 1999 The Promise of Green Politics page 157-158 SOLVENCY Nortel is biggest supplier and Canada won’t model Bill King 2004 Canada, Nortel and China: Dancing with the Devil? (google) “a more troubling question… a red herring” US pressure fails Li 2004 Winter 8 Int’l J. Comm. L & Pol’y 1, “the CPC never…democratic nations” Can censor with low tech Business Week 2002“china has found…offensive material” ISP monitoring, individual censors and company incentives make plan irrelevant Kalathil 2003, Pacific Review, Volume 16, Number 4, “decrees issued…news and information” China’s firewall can be easily bypassed Chase and Mulvenon You’ve got: DISSENT! www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1543/ “as a result of these…circumvent the “Great Firewall”” Internet cafes already have tech Reutter 2004 U.S.Corporations should stop being complicit in China’s cyber censorship “with a limited number…500,000banned sites” Plan causes china to repress more while making false concessions Yitan and Drury 2004 Volume Issue 4 “as we have…perverse, counterproductive situation” RIGHTS KRITIK A. Denial of Politics The call of “never again” turns ethics into imperialism. The humanitarian subordination of politics requires constant imperial intervention. Robert Meister 2005 Postmodern Culture 15.2 “since the fall of communism…on political grounds” Humanitarianism feats on catastrophe. Their fear of complicity becomes an excuse for ignoring the totalitarian background of rights. Finkielkraut 2000 In the Name of Humanity: Reflections on the Twentieth Century pages 788-794 “who would dare…sign of demystification” B. The Subaltern The aff starts and ends with Tiananmen. Advocacy for human rights in China feteshize political repression. The heroic opposition between the resistor and authoritarian government obliterates subaltern Chinese positions. Dutton 1999 Street Scenes of Subalternity: China, Globalization, and Rights Social Text 17.3 “no more arresting…about this distinction” Human rights legalization of existence culminates in operational totalitarianism. There is no political operation outside their ever-expanding application. Douzinas 2000 The End of Human Rights pages 321-322 “but the progressive…barred bodily wholeness” The operational totalitarianism of humanity culminates in the manufacture of ultimate inhumanity. Finkielkraut 2000 In the Name of Humanity: Reflections on the Twentieth Century pages 77-78 “achieving everything while…no sign of thinking” C. Censoring the censors Their unequivocal opposition to censorship regulates membership in the privileged moral community by banning those complicit in evil Burt 1994 The Administration of Aesthetics Page xviii “as one of the…blocking access to them” Censoring the censor establishes the worst form of censorship- it’s complete administrative control of the mind Jansen 1988 Censorship: The Knot that Binds Power and Knowledge pages 94-95 “Marx maintained that…tyranny of concealed rules” The aff invokes the Nazi bogeyman – this serves as a cathartic sponge to excuse bad political consequences in fear of complicity Jansen 1988 Censorship: The Knot that Binds Power and Knowledge pages 29-30 “As I pondered…the postwar period” A case-by-case evaluation is needed. Rights-based principles for free-speech mask the motives that make their slippery-slope claims inevitable. Fish 1994 There’s no Such Thing as Free Speech Pages 110-112 “it is from just…withstand close scrutiny” D. Alternative Negate the vocabulary of human rights. This is a prerequisite to open up alternative emancipatory strategies Kennedy 2002 Harvard Human Rights Journal 14 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 99 @ 108 “human rights occupies…matter of scarce resources” The aff is a worse form of censorship- banning over, regulatory censorship through moral rules leads to a concealed censorship of the censors The previous censors and complicit companies are placed in a -position of either silence or outspoken moral shame -Burt 1994 The Administration of Aesthetics pages-xiv-xv “in this introduction…pale of discourse, -doxa” Absolutist opposition to censorship fails Invoking moral rights occupies the same discursive territory as the censors Burt 1994 The Administration of Aesthetics pages xiv-xv “opposing censorship…always be contested” The aff replaces overt censorship with constitutive censorship The aff’s claim to achieve a space of free speech obscures and naturalizes this inevitable structural censorship instead of making it open to political contestation Jansen 1988 Censorship: The Knot that Binds Power and Knowledge pages 7-8 “the enlightenment claimed…binds power and knowledge” The aff’s privileging of free speech conceals and furthers structural inequalities, such as the ability to speak in the first place Murray 1994 The Administration of Aesthetics pages 261-262 “paradoxically, Freud…passively to depend” The aff’s ethic of free speech destroys effective responsibility You should err against moralistic -demands for global free expression Fish 1994 -There’s No Such Thing as Free Speech pages 114--115 “it is a counsel…there is no safe place” DEMOCRACY- Open Internet prevents effective democracy coalitions Chase and Mulvenon You’ve got DISSENT “at the same time…exile democracy movement” Opening up fails Shie 2004 The Tangled Web ebsco “with 1.2 billion citizens… increasing commercialism of the Internet” Slow democratic reform now, plan results in pro CCP tilt Ma 2002 China’s America Problem policyreview.org/feb02/ma_print.htm “many in the United States…other countries’ understanding” China supporting grassroots democracy now- aff authors Bloch and Terbush 2003 California Western International Law Journal Spring “china’s leaders have…committee system” Economics mean China will be forced to open up New Scientist 11/27/2004 factiva “in some of its actions…idealism and diplomacy never will” Ending US involvement will not result in democracy IHT 10/24/2005 lexis-nexis “for its part…provides there” Uncensored domestic sources provide the same info Liebman 2005 Columbia Law Review lexis-nexis “the internet…respective websites” Status quo is stable democracy Chase and Mulvenon 2004 “while Beijing’s…even nascent democratization” No democratic transition Wong 2003 7/1 China Rights Forum Number 3, pages 41-43 “however, work by…of the consequences” Internet trades off with communal approaches New Republic 2004 factiva “another shortcoming…mosque to mosque” Open internet splinters democracy movements New Republic 2004 factiva “in addition to…anti-Coca Cola activists” Dartmouth KO Pre Shirley Ptix: We've only said India Deal as far as I can remember... Political capital key to the deal Decan Herald 9/14www.decanherald.com/decanherald/sep152005/index2057452005914.asp However...it passed nd deal key to us india relations Tellis, July, '5 www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Tellis.India.Global.Power.FINAL.pdf The greatest..this year That stops Taiwan war Gobarev, 9/11/2k www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa381.pdf What would..India's Response bad Bush will invest gains in popularity in the india deal Hindustan Times, 9/1/2005 While Many in Congress..to support the agreement Nuclear deal will destablize asia Margolis, 8-15-2005 Moreover, far from...more precarious That cause Nux war Ahari, August, 01 www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/pdffiles/PUB112.pdf Sout and Central...all concerned North Korea DA: Uniqueness changes but, cards we read a lot Sino-Us Co-operation has been neessary for progress in North Korea talks Lam 2005, www.jamestown.org/news_details.php?news_id=134# at the same time...and facilities Pressure results in B/l on north korea Lam, 4/12 www.jamestown.org/images/pdf/cb_005_008.pdf In any...coastal citites Squo co-op preventing NK collapse CSM 9/22 The US and China...Dear Leader Negotiations key -- collapse means GNW Bennet and Hacigan, IHT, January 31, 2004, Internaitonal Herald Tribuen What unintended...any safer US will persure military option is m/l fails Ji, 6-11-5 www.asianresearch.org/articles/2615.html Boht the U.S .... goes nowhere Conflict means nuclear extinction Kim, 02 www.nautilus.org/fora/security/0212A_Chol.html The Bush...nuclear power Korean war draws in all major power Kang, Prof at dartmouth woot woot, 2003 (Noculear North Korea: A debate on engagement strategies, p. 60) The United States...as it is Protectionism DA Us Rolling Back protectionism now Washington Post 10/13 After Months...a double gain China would retaliate to plan -- means trade war Legrain, 11/3/3, New Republic, lexis Such pressure...trade restrictions That cracks the global economy Sunday Herald, May 1, 2005 Policy foresight...more dire And That means nationalism and US china war over taiwan Phillip Bowring, IHT, August 17, 2004 Nationalist sentiments...with china economic pressure means retaliatory tarrfis, global protectionism William Pesek, Bloomber, IHT, June 9, 2005 In the battle...debacle Pressure leads to SFP -- china will end co-op in the rea of the Plan Carpenter, 03 www.cato.org/pubs/handbook/hb108/hb108-57 The dark side...relatively modest China won't enforce under the plan Zeng, 2004 "Trade Threats, Trade Wars, p. 115-6 On reason.. substantially reduced wont give into plans pressure -- modest dissent jacks solvency Zeng, 04, above, p. 121-5 These divergent...so futile HUMAN RIGHTS Human Rights K -- C/A Hunter and David Sanctions/Pressure bad -- also C/A hunter and David Cites Also Solvency.... THE AFFIRMATIVES FOCUS ON CHINA LABOR STANDARDS EXTEND US CONSUMERISM Martin Har-Lansberg, Economy Prof. at Lewis and Clark College, 2000 (July/August, Monthly Review, 52:3, ebsco) LOCALITIES IGNORE PRC DECREES John F Sweeney, President of the AFL-CIO, and Richard T. Trumka, Secretary-Treasurer of the AFL-CIO, '4 (http://www.workinglife.org/FOL/pdf/China--AFL%20301%20petition.pdf) THE AFFIRMATIVE NEO-LIBERAL MARKET IDEOLOGY MAKES THEIR IMPACTS INEVITABLE Sue LT McGregor, Professor of Education at Mount Saint Vincent University, '4 (November 14, http://www.consultmcgregor.com/PDFs/Keenan%20Lecture.pdf) THE AFFIRAMRTIVE WHITEWASHES CAPITALISM - AFF AUTHOR Maria Ontiveros, Prof of Law at Golden Gate University School of Law, '99 (3 J. Small & Emerging Bu. L. 27, JSTOR) NO GLOBAL ETHIC, YOU PISS OFF THE REST OF THE WORLD Sarah H. Clevland, Assistant Professor at the University of Texas School of Law, '98 (Texas Law Review, 76:1533, jstor) US SANCTIONS ARE PERCIEVED AS SOLEY FOR TRADE ADVANTAGE - UNDERMINING THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS REGIME Philip Alston, Prof. of Law at NYU, '93 (Human Rights Quarterly, 15:1, "Labor Rights Provisions in US Trade Law, proquest) SANCTIONS FAIL - LEAD TO BACKLASH AND BREAKDOWNS NECESSARY CO-OPERATION David Feingold, Director of the Ophidian Research Institute and international coordinator for HIV/AID and Trafficking Projects for UNESESCO Bangkok, '5 (September/October, Foreign Policy, "Human Trafficking", ebsco) APPLYING STANDARDS TO NON-RATIFIERS INCREASES TENSIONS, UNDERMINES INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS Philip Alston, Prof. of Law at NYU, '93 (Human Rights Quarterly, 15:1, "Labor Rights Provisions in US Trade Law, proquest) ILO CP EV ILO RATIFICATION BEST, HIGHLIGHTS THE FAILURE OF CONSUMERISM AND PROMOTES WORKER SOLIDARITY Martin Har-Lansberg, Economy Prof. at Lewis and Clark College, 2000 (July/August, Monthly Review, 52:3, ebsco) RATIFYING THE ILO CONVENTIONS BEST - ALLOWS US TO INCREASE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS - NECESSARY FOR SUBSTANTIVE ACTION Philip Alston, Prof. of Law at NYU, '93 (Human Rights Quarterly, 15:1, "Labor Rights Provisions in US Trade Law, proquest) T - LABELING AT A CORPORATION, NOT GOVERNMENT Sarah H. Clevland, Assistant Professor at the University of Texas School of Law, '98 (Texas Law Review, 76:1533, jstor) Taiwan: I think you have all the cites we have read. We have had a Taiwan debate since that GSU what not, and that was against Flordia State. The New cards we read In that debate I sent you Before Harvard. Non-Prolif: The only debate we have Had on prolif jazz is against brad and jamie, I think y'all had the cites from the combination of cs/us debating them, if not lemme know... also Discourse of Proliferation reps. the world as dangerous weapon states --> western superiority guised as obj. David Mutimer, 2k, The Weapons State: Proliferation and the Framing of Security, p. 11-13 Export Congrols Frame the world as deviant groups Mutimer, 2k, 96-97 Controling weapons stech only makes sense through prolif frame -- tech only appears dangerous -- ignores that western states are the cause Mutimer, 2k, p. 157-8 This justifies policigin and dest of other Mutimer, 2k, p. 88-89 That leads to mass extermination Mutimer, 2k, p. 81 Alt: Must Criticst the prolif frame of the aff. Voting against their rep reconstitutes the world and available polices Mutimer, 2k, p. 17-19 Dartmouth KO neg Round # doubles at GSU Vs. aff: Emory CL (Taiwan) Judged by: Louden, Repko Random cites Bush will invest this popularity in the India deal Hindustan Times 9-1-05 “While many in congress” and “support the agreement,” Nuke deal will destabilize asia by igniting old tensions Eric Margolis 8/15/05 Foreign Correspondent, Pakistan and India: A Step Back From Nuclear War “far from promoting ‘stability’” and “even more precarious” Causes nuke war M. Ehsan Ahrari, 2001 Strategic Studies Institute “South and central asia constitute a part” and “for all concerned” Non prolif lobbyists successfully blocked deal Khalid Hasan 9-20-05 daily times “The US-India nuclear deal is in serious trouble” and “same treatment” US deterrent posture is secure Robert S. Ross 01 fall, national interest “There can never be total confidence” and “secure one” China fears US’s military, not taiwans “Dr. monte bullard 04, December “as military planners narrow” and “considered dangerous” US extended det credible Ross same as above “But sure knowledge of defeat” and “with the United States’ Evidence based on Chinese military sources Robert s. ross 02 fall international security “a note on sources: many of the Chinese” and “policymaking process” Strategic clarity decrease US international cred Nancy bernkopf Tucker 05 Dangerous Strait, ed. Tucker pg. 208—9 Tucker also pg. 207 Sino-Japan Relats: China not initiate conflict with Japan—need trade Anthony DiFlillip 2002 (The Challenges of the US-Japan military arrangement) “Similarly, it is not likely….grant and loan assistance.” Sino-Jana relates low NYT 9-11-05 “Indeed, a potentially explosive tussle,….Studies, in Tapaei.” Tensions on E. China Sea are growing NYT 9-11-05 “In a muscular display….cant share this space.” No increase in J-China relations China Daily 9-15-05 “It is expected that Koizumi…visit to the shrine.” DDP TURN: Suuport of One-China leads to huge DPP backlash Chien-Min Chao, Jrnl of COntempary China, 12 (34) 2003 9. 125-143) “Dr. Lee Yuanze….behalf of the party.” The DPP opposes one-china policy Julian Jengliang Kuo, Break the China-Taiwan Impasse, Editor: Zagoria, 2003 “The Democratic Progressive Party’s…..China in the present tense.” (no page number given) DPP backlash prevents cross-strait peace Emile Shen, May 23 2005 Taipei Times taiwansecurity.org/TT/2005/TT-230505.htm) “In setting up his cross-strait…..infighting and divisive strategies.” STRAT AMBIGUITY: SA prevents worst ase scenanios for conflict Roy Pinsker Australian Jrnl of intl Affairs, july 2003 vol 52.2, EBSCO “This article will suggest…revision of “strategic ambiguity.”” Strategic Clarity increases conflict Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, 2005 (Dangerous Strait: the US-Twn-China Crisis, Editor Tucker) (p 14-15) “I counter this popular view…..in the national interest.” Topicality TOPICALITY Diplo = state to state relates Oran’s Dict of Law 1991 p. 128 “Diplomatic Relations. Ongoing, formal country-to-cotunry communications and the permanent exchange of ambassadors and other officials Preesure = influence to change Dicetory of Govt and Politics 1998 (2nd ed) p 217 “pressure: a strong influence to make someone change his opinions or course of action.” A meaningful statement about pressure must include the quid pro quo David Baldwin, 1985 Economic Statecraft p. 20 “1. Power is a relational concept….positive sanctions.” On = object of action Words & Phrases 2005 P 121 Disad Relations 2NR Strategy Relations Disad outweighs case Swaine evidence relations necessary, chang more qualled phd, when relations break down zero willingness to comply, talks are happening even if no agreed framework as long as talks continue, 1nc evidence international interests, only risk plan would increase that They say strat amb problem Hu evidence, taking Taiwan out of the status quo issue Only why Talker evidence- strategic allow them to amend it, lets congress do it and they would overturn one=china and destroy relations, congressional opposition open floodgates Bulwart evidence- threat of bullying would anger them. Squo solves case Strait times- highest relations ever Drury evidence Christensen Hu evidence, playing down Taiwan in squo Taiwan sticking point- squo because private negotiations Strat amb- overly support china, not support Taiwan and bully them Agreed framework 1. cooperation daily north korea evidence seattle times, asian times evidence cooperation necessary, talks will continue, turns case, massive nk ignites ind/pak faster time frame. Japan Most likely conflict inevitable, postdates by 2 months, Decrease militarization, econ powers Initiate the conflict Japan goes to china Politics Extend evidence postdates all theirs try hard, card too months old, no impact to disad If we turn case net reason to support Lobby supports- link on NK takes it out Taiwan war Extend won’t push independence, brown evidence although china has pushed they are mooting their concern, because know it wont pass legislative yuan. 85% of population Perceive US interests in the Squo Ambuity debate- Relations not dropping now- highest Flexibility never know what would occur, sanctions decrease Both sides don't want sanctions Solvency Extend Hu moderate approach, don’t expect Inevitably break down Won’t support agreed framework China backlash- increase talks with US and Beijing then DDP would backlash, critical to solve cross-strait tensions,destroy the agreed framework, evidence claims . Dartmouth KO neg Round 6 Georgia State Vs. aff: Wake CH (EASA) Judged by: Eric Forslund, Wyoming Case Args: Won’t lift the embargo now Taiwan won’t declare independence Politics – India Nuclear Deal Bad Non-proliferation lobby internal link US-India relations causes China/India war, Pakistan, etc T – diplomatic pressure on Must be quid pro quo offer to China Proliferation K Proliferation images are violent, demonize others – David Mutimer, The Weapons State, 2000 Block Strategy 2NC: Politics Case (read “pressure causes nationalism”) Kritik 1NR: T: must have intent to define, qualified foreign policy experts, contextual ev bad 2NR Strategy T Dartmouth KO Round 1 Georgia State Vs. aff: Samford BS IPR Judged by: Joe Packer Case Args: Solvency SQ solves we will pressure quietly no evidence means you will lose at WTO loss at WTO is worse then no case they cant enforce pressure fails they will not give in for internal politics IPR protections fail in china Drugs protecting IPR on drugs now China generics solve AIDS plan increase drug prices means people cant af innovation will still occur Nationalism Economy (manufacturers) Block Strategy Extend case defense, nationalism and the link turn 2NR Strategy Go for the link turn Denver Denver All Pre Shirley Consult ASEAN CONSULTATION WITH ASEAN KEY TO PREVENTING SINO-US COMPETITION FROM LEADING TO WAR Odgaard ’03 (Liselotte, University of Arhus, Denmark “The South China Sea: ASEAN’s Security Concerns about China. Politics of the South China Sea Security Dialogue Academic Search Premire du-lrm) CONSENSUS-BUILDING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA IS KEY TO PRESERVING U.S. HEGEMONY AND PREVENTING TERRORISM BEESON ‘04( Mark, School of Political Science and International Relations, U. Queensland “The United States and Southeast Asia: change and continuity in American Hegemony.” Asian Regional Governance: Crises and Change Ed. By Kanishka Jayasuriya Routledge Curzon/City University of Hong Kong Southeast Asia Studies 2004 du-lrm) Future terrorist attacks will cause extinction Alexander 03, Director of Inter-University for Terrorism Studies [Yonah, Washington Times, August 28, p. Lexis] Consult Russia CONSULTATION WITH RUSSIA KEY TO NORMALIZING RELATIONS HAASS 2002 (Richard N. [ ] Remarks to RAND Business Leaders Forum, Tenth Plenary Meeting. “U.S.-Russian Relations in the Post-Post-Cold War World.” June 1, 2002) p. http://www.state.gov/s/p/rem/10643.htm NOT CONSULTING RUSSIA JACKS RELATIONS OZNOBISHCHEV 1999 (Sergey [ ] U.S.-Russian Partnership: Meeting the New Millennium, “Changing U.S. and Russian Strategic Directions.” Ed. Oznobishchev & Brusstar, J) p. http://www.ndu.edu/inss/books/books%20-%201999/US%20Russian%20Partnership%20July%2099/usrp1.html US-RUSSIAN RELATIONS KEY TO CHECK PROLIFERATION OF WMD’S AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM LEGVOLD 2003 (Robert [Prof. of Political Science, Columbia University] The National Interest, “All the Way: Crafting a U.S.-Russian Alliance.” Winter 2002/2003) p. ln NMD KEY TO PREVENT INEVITABLE NUCLEAR WAR AND PROLIFERATION UTGOFF 2002 (Victor A. [ ] Survival 44 (2), “Proliferation, Missile Defense and American Ambitions.”) P. 85-102 (online) boeing da A. UNIQUENESS: AIRBUS AND BOEING IN A STALEMATE- NEITHER ONE CAN GET TOO FAR AHEAD BECAUSE OF COMPETITION HEIM ’05 (Kristi, Seattle times business reporter “Courting China: Airbus makes all the right moves; Boeing in China” Seattle Times June 6, 2005 p.ln du-lrm) B. LINKS: BAD US-CHINA RELATIONS LEADS TO A SWITCH TO AIRBUS BLUMENTHAL ‘03 ( Les, News Tribune, “Boeing's China sales tied to politics; Diplomacy: Beijing can use carrots and sticks, too” November 3, 2003 p.ln du-lrm) C. INTERNAL LINK: AMERICAN AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY KEY TO U.S. LEADERSHIP ANDREWS et Al ’00 (Col. William F, USAF “Industry Studies: Aircraft” http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/industry/2000/aircraft/aircraft.htm du-lrm) D. IMPACT: U.S. LEADERSHIP KEY TO PREVENTING GLOBAL NUCLEAR WAR KHALIILZAD ‘95 Denver EM Neg Round #6 Shirley Vs Team: Wyoming JS Judge: Paul Hood - Oregon Case Args: Off Case Args: Chinese Politics – disclosed (yes JP, I checked) Boeing DA - disclosed Dollar DA: - Dollar is stable now because of interest rates and yields The Main Wire, October 20, 2005, HEADLINE: ASIA FX: US Dollar Stays Firm But Well Below Recent Peaks, (LEXIS). - Link: Increased pressure will cause China to dump dollars causing a dollar collapse (F. William Engdahl, Japan and China Tensions and Washington’s Asia Geopolitics, Current Concerns, no. 3, 04-24-2005, http://www.currentconcerns.ch/archive/2005/03/20050312.php (last visited 9/18/2005) - Dollar collapse will cause global economic meltdown Bruce Stannard 05 (The Australian, HEADLINE: Dumping of US dollar could trigger 'economic September 11', LEXIS) Counterplan: - Text: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase its diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China by banning the importation of all goods, with the exception of Boeing Aircraft, from the People’s Republic of China until they agree to ban the development, construction, stockpiling, and sale of non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse weapons. 1. BOEING AND AIRBUS ARE IN A STALEMATE RIGHT NOW AND ARE VYING FOR THE CHINESE MARKET. HEIM ’05 (Kristi, Seattle times business reporter “Courting China: Airbus makes all the right moves; Boeing in China” Seattle Times June 6, 2005 p.ln du-lrm) While Airbus … each other." 2. C. INTERNAL LINK: AMERICAN AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY KEY TO U.S. LEADERSHIP ANDREWS et Al ’00 (Col. William F, USAF “Industry Studies: Aircraft” http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/industry/2000/aircraft/aircraft.htm du-lrm) Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Dollar, Nationalism, Solvency, CP Denver EM Neg Round 3 Shirley Vs Team: Emory SS Judge: Matt Brigham Off Case Args: CP: instead of “no less than”, they said “at least” Net benefit – double negative means that China won’t comply Rand 99 – Empirically China has exploited loopholes Block Strategy: CP 2nr Strategy: CP Denver EM Neg Round 2 Shirley Vs Team: Case Western DD Judge: Richard Tews Case Args: Sanctions bad => death Zizek – non-traditional advocacies don’t challenge the system Off Case Args: Framework / T USFG – must defend plan passage / USFG action Marx K – State action perpetuates capitalism ASEAN CP – ASEAN do it American Exceptionalism K – Call for USFG foreign action fails 2nr Strategy: Framework/T Denver SW Neg Round 5 Shirley Vs Team: Missouri State JW Judge: Stables Case Args: WTO causes war Susan George, The WTO and the Global War System, Nov. 28, 1999 www.tni.org/archives/george/utopian.rtf A) WTO causes commodification of water Barlow, 2001, www.wellnessgoods.com/bluegold.asp B) Water shortage causes Indo-Pak war www.commondreams.org/headlines02/0521-07.htm WTO discriminates Tabb, www.monthlyreview.org/100tabb.htm Off Case Args: T – Diplomatic pressure T – On CP – PIC out of Tamiflu Solvency Opderbeck, 2005, “Patents, Essential Medicines, and the Innovation Game”, March 2005, lexis Kwa, 1998 “WTO and Developing Countries” www.fpif.org/pdf/vol3/37ifwto.pdf Bird Flu Control key now Walker 11-7-05 United Press International Kills tons Osterholm, Foreign Affairs, 2005, “Preparing for the next pandemic” Dollar DA Dollar high Gulf News, 9-18-05 Link – dollar dump Engdal, www.currentconcerns.ch/archive/2005/03/20050312.php Dollar collapse causes meltdown Stannard, “Dumping of US dollar could trigger” 8-29-05, lexis Block Strategy: T 2nr Strategy: T Denver SW Round # 4 Shirley Vs. aff: ESU MR Judged by: Case Args: Sanctions Bad Yitanhi 04 International Studies Perspectives Dip Focus Capital limited Chicago journal of international law 01 Bird flu pandemic Osterholm 05 Preparing for next pandemic, Foreign Affairs Sino Russian relations Relations down Press trust of India 05 Coop in response to US Heg Washington Quarterly 98 vl. 21 no1 Relations key to oil pipeline South china morning post 05 Kill snow leopards The guardian 05 Market Economy Status Counterplan Solves labor best Roffler 04 National journal’s Congress Daily Block Strategy cp 2NR Strategy cp Denver SW @ GSU Sean Sargent & Tyler Warner Judge: ?? Case: China forgive Japan 1. T- USFG 2. Counter Publics- Deem 2002 "stranger sociability, public hope…" hart aa seducing America 3. Taiwan independence DA 4. Ideological totalitarianism Vs Slavery 1. T pressure 2. planned Econ DA - China policy is scripted, plan sends shock causes war 3. consult EU 4. I - spec 5. Indo - Pak 6. Case 7. Gramsci Denver Negative – Chinese Politics Disad Cites (A). Wen's on First. Wen Jiabao makes decisions through studious contemplation. He may claim to promote surprise decisions, but they are all pre-planned and forecast in the status quo. Even the currency re-valuation decision was predicted. Dickie & McGregor, 2005 {Financial Times, July 23, pll "Wen Jiabao and Zhou Xiaochuan") At his annual news conference (B). LINK: Forcing pressure on China, especially so close to the Yan revaluation, will put Mr. Wen in a difficult spot. The government is run by consensus now, with no leader having enough individual clout to make policy. The PLAN changes the entire balance. Pressure will destroy Wen's studious and predictable style as well as sparking a leadership battle over economic reforms. Dickie & McGregor, 2005 {Financial Times, July 23, pll "Wen Jiabao and Zhou Xiaochuan") "Wen has done well in co-coordinating Impact The stakes are a GLOBAL WAR with China—if the US continues to attempt to control China under old models of international relations, an apocalyptic war between the US and China will result. The stakes OUTWEIGH any other geopolitical scenario this century. Chalmers Johnson, Pres. Japan Policy Research Institute, 05 (TomDispatch.com, March 15th, "No Longer the...") Let me make clear Eastern New Mexico Eastern New Mexico University HW Round # 5 Shirley Vs. aff: Rochester LW Judged by: Ellis Case Args: Big stick approaches fail on Tibet. Disad Relations Bird Flu Counterplan Domestic Action/ Soft Power DA (*case list) Topicality Substantial (case list) Topicality Whole Area (case list) Block Strategy Counterplan 2NR Strategy Relations Eastern New Mexico University HW Neg Round 4 Shirley Vs Team: Bard CF Judge: Case Args: None Off Case Args: Nationalism DA Avian Flu T – diplomatic pressure T – Human rights aren’t “LR” (legal rights?) CP – Human rights leadership Eastern new mexico HW Neg Round #1 Shirley Vs Team:wga lm Judge: fred sternhagen Additional info Kritik Cites: 1. The separation of human and civil/political rights is vital to reversing the politics of bare life and the horrors of the holocaust Ulrike Kistner 03 “sovereign power and bare life with HIV/AIDS: bio-politics South African Style” http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/biopolitics%20-%20kirstner.PDF “In the area of high politics… the processes that led to the holocaust.” 2. Rights-based solutions open the chasm between civil and human rights, strengthening states at the expense of people Ulrike Kistner 03 “sovereign power and bare life with HIV/AIDS: bio-politics South African Style” http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/biopolitics%20-%20kirstner.PDF “In the course of these contestations…of the wretched, oppressed, defeated.” 3. Only Agamben’s ethics can access ontological openings Thurschwell 2003 “Specters of Nietzsche: potential futures for the concept of the political in Agamben and Derrida” 24 Cardozo L. Rev. 1193 “Agamben conceives of ‘possibility’… from his deconstructive reading of Nietzsche.” Eastern New Mexico HW Neg Round # 1 Shirley Vs Team: West Georgia LM Judge: Fred sternhagen Case Args: Solvency 1. china lacks Lu oct 31 05 “public health system is in ruins” “offering bribes” “pandemic” “ag ministry” 2. any solvency temporary, china will revert to status quo Fiddler 98 “strength of national interests” “controlling infectious diseases” 3. us/them dichotomy Fiddler 98 “historically” “disease of others” “Contemporary notions” “narrow concepts” Off Case Args: T: human rights not legal or civil rights T: substantial= considerable amount T: Vagueness- quiet diplomacy is too vague T: boycotts not economic pressure Biopower kritik Separation of human/bare life bad, biopolitics of HIV Kersner- Engagement Counterplan: status: can kick if perm or theoretical objection Nationalism Disad China perceives US pressure and “playing a big role” “economic interdependence” Human rights pressure Increases nationalism Chinese nationalism reaction to foreign criticism Rise in nationalism = regime change Rice 05 Any attempt at regime change = death of billion people “extend its own life” “kill 200 million Americans” “murderous monster” Block Strategy: 2NC Topicality- economic pressure Biopower 2nr Strategy: Eastern New Mexico HW Pre Shirley Negative Positions US act first/leadership counter plan Nationalism DA Inherency Blocks Eastern New Mexico Negative @ Wichita nationalism A. China is dealing moderately with the U.S. now Sutter 2005 Robert, former Asia analyst for the CIA, China’s Rise in Asia: Promises and Perils, p. 83 B. Link—U.S. Pressure on China inflames to militant Chinese nationalism David P. Forsythe, November 2001, (Human Rights Quarterly, Vol 19, No. 1, “Human Rights and China” C. Specifically Chinese nationalism is tied to perceived U.S. criticisms Quinggo 2005 (Jia, prof and assoc dead @ Peking Univ. “Disrespect and Distrust: The External Origins of Cotemporary Chinese Nationalism” Journal of Contemporary China D. A rise in nationalism would lead to regime change Peter Gries, Sept. 2005, Current History “So far the party has done a masterful job” “represents to their own survival” E. Any attempt at regime change would equal the death of a billion people San Renxing, 8-5-05 “The CCP’s last ditch gamble: biological and nuclear war hundred of millions of deaths proposed” Epoch Times Staff “Since the Party’s life is” “gamble with their lives” COUNTERPLAN text- THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD IMMEDIATELY END ALL HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES WITHIN AND BY THE U.S. IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR. Leadership can be effectively used to change other countries positions Joseph S. Nye, Jr. CS monitor, 04-29-04 In fact, not only does soft power solve but undercutting it with hard power and cause economic waste and death Nye, 2004 U.S. recognition of internal human rights problems can lead to global human rights improvement Rickey Singh—Caribbean Journalist—znet, 03-09-2005 http://www.zmag.org/contnet/print_article.cfm?itemID=7397§ionID=11 U.S. LEADERSHIP A. U.S. LEADERSHIP IN THE AREA OF HUMAN RIGHTS IS DECLINING BECAUSE OF OUR MIXED SIGNALS Christy Harvey and Judd Legum and Jonathan Baskin, The progress Report, December 10, 2004 http://www.alternet.org/story/20715/ B. SPECIALLY MANY COUNTRIES BELIEVE THE U.S EMPLOYS A DOUBLE STANDARD REGARDING HUMAN RIGHTS Cody, 03-04-05 Edward, The Washington Post, pg. A14 C. THE WHOLE WORLD SUFFERS AS A RESULT OF U.S. HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES Mediareviewnet.com, 05-23-02 “Citizens around the world suffer the consequences” “detainees in Guantanamo Bay?” Emory Emory AM – Negative vs. GW LW (blockade China) – Round 3 – GSU (Tim) T- Diplomatic – requires coercion T – Economic – deprivation of target population T-bills disad Relations – North Korea International support key to China blockade, allies will choose China Prestowitz, American Prospect, March 2005, “officials describe the recent rise of China” Emory AM @ GSU Ross Andre & Rob Mills vs. Currency Revaluation T economic pressure must be applied , not threatened Retaliaiton DA- China will get mad at currency pressure and retaliate same as CL North Korea DA (same as CL) Counterplan- pay as you go. Email Michigan AR or emory AM for cites( grrrrrrrrrr!!!!!!!!!) Emory BI @ GSU D Inamullah & Joe Bucciero Judge: Wiese Case: One-Child T- Diplomatic = public protest Palwarkar 94 [ International Review of the red cross 298 p.9-25 “measures to exert diplomatic…regretted by the states”] ASPEC Humilation Kritik- Callahan – Alternative 29, 2004 p. 199-218 Cp- Do all covertly Competitor- Asian human rights commission 97 (Human rights solidarity, vol 7, no.3, aug.) “(s) Quiet Diplomacy is better… requires consistency” Econ DA- Threats collapse investments in US- Investments in US key to Econ in US -Mead 6. on case – one chills policy not codified - not enforced Emory CL Neg Round 5 Shirley Vs Team: Berk Bw Judge: C-Mac Case Args: Complaint coming now We’ll lose the complaint Case takeouts Off Case Args: Recourse spec T Have to actually sanction Hu DA Stratfor.com, 11/8/05 www.stratfor.com/products/premium/read_article.php?id=258235 ‘as China’s leadership…comes into play’ 2nc links- Us unilateral action empowers hardliners-(cards talking about human rights but is good) Moore 2000 www.du.edu/humanrights/workingpapers/papers/08-moore-09-00.pdf ‘today the struggle within the party ranks…can’t be good for human rights’ Ccp associates piracy with stability Time International, 6/13/05 ‘yet the biggest…according to liu’ China thinks ipr helps social stability Fishman 05 congressional testimony, 5/17 ‘china’s lax policies…fines reached $ 3,600’ Tax reform bad politics Da Pan Trade retaliation DA Retal sanctions threat hurts wto cred Lindsay 99 www.freetrade.org/pubs/pas/tpa-008.pdf ‘beyond those technical issues…not a good remedy’ Complaint overload link Bergsten 02 foreign affairs nov-dec, ‘at a more subtle level…rather than resolve them’ Cp to ban pressure and negotiate/educate china about IPR stuff That creates culture Fan summer 99 UCLA J. int’l L. & For. Aff. 207 ‘first, an understanding…make them worthwhile’ Judicial education key to solve Yu October 2000 50 Am. U.L. Rev. 131 ‘for a national intellectual…with the foreign organizers’ Economic pressure fails-cp solves Yu 01 19 B.U. Int’l L.J. 1, Spring ‘on appearance, China’s piracy problem…harassment of American businesses’ Education solves Hu, spring 1996 14 B.U. Int’l L.J. 81 ‘china’s copyright legislation…improves in the future’ Assistance solves Hung 05 http://fparchive.ceip.org/story/cms.php?story_id=2863 ‘robert Portman, the new U.S. trade…through on its promise’ A2 perm Pressure destroys culture of coop Yu 2000 50 Am. U.L. Rev. 131 ‘laws alone…stick in their heads’ Block Strategy: All but sanction T and Pan and Politics 2nr Strategy: Retal DA and case stuff Emory CL Neg Round #4 Shirley Vs Team: Whitman SS Judge: Gonzalez Case Args: Pharm adv china already cracking down [x] govts will prevent SARS [x 02] Economy CCP collapse now [x] GDP ag pollution political difference war with Taiwan piracy key to economy [x 04] WTO resilient [Financial Times 99] meaningless [x 00] DSM cred now, plan undermines [x 02] Solvency Bush going now [x 05] WTO suit inev [x 05] could lead to formal complaint evidence gathering stage… forcing complaint means we’ll lose [x] turns the case Yu 05 cycle of futility Yu 02 turn gradualism Off Case Args: US Politics (same as day 1 update) Chinese politics Same as caselist Retaliation DA Same as caselist T not trade IPR vios to WTO Limits FX goods devalued not IPR T Econ pressure must be applied Economic warfare to get demands [x 01] Must be applied [x 05] Doesn't apply sanctions Ground Limits open floodgates USTR DA Focused on doha, plan trades off [AFX 8-5 2005] IPR takes USTR pol cap [Jake Colvin, international economic consultatnt in DC, 11-22-04, “Costs of Competitive Liberalization,” Center for American Progress, www.american progress.org/site/pp.asp?c=biJRJ8OVF&b=255995 CP remove all trade related economic pressure until filed at the WTO Disease K Hot spots around the world [x 97] Discourse of the 1ac plays out novel of killer virus and white doctors who come into save them [Dougherty 01] Discourse of colonialism Block Strategy: CP Just uniqueness cp takes out offense Str turns check Perms worth Voting issue Dispo key level playing field Doesn't say we have to influence them on IPR Uniqueness This permutation link… You can’t ban the plan which the cp doesn't condition… it's a condition on the status quo solve args. USTR Even if not focused on Doha rd, needs more lawyer… even if win this arg, just an alt cause to the case Politics Not going for it Doesn't say tax reform will pass, not housing provision Political capital [11/14] Stripped from bill now [11/14] No congressional support [nyt 11/7] Housing lobby [11/9] No new answers Disease K Reps --> colonialism, conceded two impacts, conceded it leads to more diseases and this logic leads to extinction (santos 03)… Nothing to permute: reject the reps Reps shape our understanding of policy [Goren 05] Fiat framework bad justifies politics DA and destroys neg flex… santos should come first cause leads to extinction… [some schlag card from 91] Focusing on policy debate is flawed [smith 97] They say non-unique, that's irrelevant… reject your reps Retaliation Our 1nc ev is specific to WTO. DSM turns WTO into an unwieldy instituation, causing retaliation. [x] If china loses, they’ll pull out, destroying free trade. [x] Escalating protectionism kills global trade Yu 04 they will retaliate against ag exports [x 04] that kills billions [x 05] tariffs kill job growth [x 04] key to the economy [x] That’s the 2nc above. The 1NR: Hu and case. 2nr Strategy: DAs and Case Emory CL Neg Round 2 Shirley Vs Team: Idaho State BK Judge: Tod Woodbury Case Args: AT: Biodiversity Adv. AT: Disease Adv. Off Case Args: North Korea DA (On Case List) T-Bills Sell-off (On Case List), Disease Representations K, Economic Reform DA (On Case List) Tax Reform US Politics- Winners Win- Bush needs a quick victory The Australian 10-22-05 “What a difference a year makes” “Senate face misconduct allegations” Political Capital allows bush to push for full tax reform destroying the housing market Goldman Sachs Daily Financial Commitment 10-19-05 (Tax Reform: The Bank may be worse than the bite, Bloomberg) “The President’s advisory panel on” “next year, and will have difficulty even doing that” Tax repeal devastates housing and the US economy Financial Times 10-19-05 “Tax experts gave a cautious welcome” “of the people of New York” Bush will spend political capital to get tax reform- it’s a tough fight but can pass New and Observer 11/8/05 http://dwb.newsobserver.com/24hour/business/story /2882991p-11544248c.html “Twenty years ago” “as they launch their 2006 campaigns” Economic Decline Leads to war Mead ‘92 Engagement CP- offer market economy status Text: The United States Federal Government will grant the People’s Republic of China Market Economy Status in exchange for the People’s Republic of China agreeing to ___________ and enforcing that agreement. We will clarify. Counter plan solves Incentives create lobbies in favor of solvency William Long 1997 wwics.si.edu/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/price/chap04.pdf “Incentives also operate” “toward cooperative adjustment” 2. Using MES is sufficient to get agreement National Journals Congress Daily April 29, 2004 “The Bush admin Wednesday” “and the rule of law” Block Strategy: 2NC- North Korea- Kicks out. Disease K- Extends Quickly, Reads no Cards. Tigers Adv- Extends 1NC Goes for the CP T-Bills DA Retaliation Extensions Unilateral coercion hurts global trade Yu. Ass. Prof of Law at Yeshiva University Winter 2002 “Even worse, a coercive” “planned to a market economy” Doha round Economic pressure tanks Doha Bredehoeft Pres of American Soybean Association June 23, 2005 “we certainly do not” “the global trading system” Agriculture Leads to retaliation in agriculture exports Bredehoeft B) Blips in food prices kill billions Brown 2005 (President of Earth Policy Institute, Former Advisor to the Secretary of Agriculture “Many Americans see” “is the overriding concern” US Jobs Trade retatliation stunts us job growth Stearns and Freeman US Rep and USTR March 31, 2004 “My first question” “made increasingly fair” Job growth key to economy The Frontrunner August 8, 2005 “growing United States economy” “rates and higher fuel prices” 1NR- Kicks out of Chinese Politics. Goes for Tax Reform. Answers Bird Flu Advantage Solvency 2nr Strategy: CP Tax Reform Answers 1ar on two Chinese politics and North korea Case Emory CL Pre Shirley ) China is increasing their imports of US goods Asian Political News September 19, 2005 Lexis While the two ... with the United States. B) Pressure hurts the US economy, causes China to sell of T Bills and starts a trade war Legrain, Special Advisor to WTO Director General Moore, November 3, 2003 (Phillipe, The New Republic, Lexis) Such pressure on ... were affected by trade restrictions. C) A new wave of protectionism would erupt into nuclear conflict Spicer, The Challenge from the East and the Rebirth of the West, 1996, p. 121 Jamie--here's the neg disclosure for HH and CL. We run the same stuff. We usually read a T violation of some sort, depending on the aff. China threat K: this is the Pan K everyone runs Wen DA: Wen is in an unstable position. He could easily lose his power to Zeng Taipei Times, 05 (Oct 15, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/10/15/2003275877) A lack of infrastructure construction in coastal areas and the risk of a shortage ….. and he was harshly criticized by Zeng during the plenum, Liu said. US economic pressure is a loss for Wen Halloran, 05 (Richard, Straights Times, Dec 3, http://www.taiwansecurity.org/ST/2003/ST-051203.htm) Wen Jiabao of China is scheduled to arrive in Washington on Sunday armed ……That most likely means talking but doing nothing. Wen is key to Chinese agricultural reform decrease rural taxes Roberts, 02 (Dexter, Dec 2, Business Week, Iss. 3810,~ p.~22~) While in the west, Wen developed credentials ….. "He will continue promoting agricultural restructuring." Reforms good DA: A) Chinese economic reform now BBC Monitoring International Reports August 25, 2005 [Xinhua news agency domestic service, Beijing, in Chinese 1101 gmt 24 Aug 05] Participants in the meeting heard a report by the State Development and Reform Commission on implementing B) International pressure on China undermines the political will to reform in favor of DSB compliance--Domestic pressures will overcome foreign pressures Duncan, Associate, Wilbon & Associates, J.D., L.L.M., 2002 [Christopher, 18 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 399] A lack of political will within China is another reason that a compliance program may not pass its initial stages. C) Chinese noncompliance with the WTO dispute resolution mechanism will single-handedly topple the system Duncan, Associate, Wilbon & Associates, J.D., L.L.M., 2002 [Christopher, 18 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 399] The powerful compliance obligations of the WTO DSU have found legitimacy in the theory that Member states D) WTO trade mechanisms lock in cooperation that prevents nuclear war. Copley News Service, 12/1/99 For decades, many children in America and other countries went to bed fearing annihilation by nuclear war. The These reforms are needed to alleviate rural poverty China Daily 05 (August 17, http://en.ce.cn/National/Rural/200508/17/t20050817_4445131.shtml) Zheng Chanzi, a farmer who lives in North China's Hebei …. counties across the country by 10% this year. D. The terminal impact is a Sino-Russian war that results in Nuclear winter Sharavin 01 [Alexander, “The Third Threat,” What The Papers Say (Russia), October 3, 2001, p. 4//ln]edlee Chinese propaganda has constantly been showing us skyscrapers ….., and even against the first frost of a possible nuclear winter. 6 Party Talks DA A. 6 Party Talks will start again in 2 weeks. China is key to success Korea Herald Oct. 27, 05 [ "Ahead of nuclear talks," pg. [ http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2005/10/27/200510270007.asp]edlee ]http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2005/10/27/200510270007.asp]edlee B. US pressure will turn N. Korea into a diplomatic weapon --- the 6-Party Talks will be at risk Lam 05 - Senior Fellow at The Jamestown Foundation [Willy Wo-Lap, " BEIJING'S ALARM OVER NEW "U.S. ENCIRCLEMENT CONSPIRACY" China Brief, Volume 5, Issue 8 (April 12, 2005) pg. [ http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&&issue_id=3298]edlee ]http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&;&issue;_id=3298]edlee C. 6 Party Talk will prevent N. Korean collapse. Christian Science Monitor 05 ["North Korea's capitalist manifesto," September 22, 2005, Pg. 08//ln]edlee D. N. Korean regime collapse risks nuclear lashouts against S. Korea, Japan, and US Hachigian and Bennett 04 - Director of the Center for Asia Pacific Policy @ the RAND Corporation and Senior policy analyst at RAND.[Nina and Bruce, "Don't try regime change in North Korea," International Herald Tribune, January 30, 2004, pg. ln]edlee HU Credibility DA A. Hu's political strength hinges on peaceful resolution of disputes with the US. Hostile policies from the US will trigger an intra-party power struggle for control of the CCP Hsu 03 - Research Fellow @ the Institute for International Relations, National Chengchi University [Philip Szue-Chin, "China's Domestic Politics and the US-Taiwan-China Relations: An Assessment in the Aftermath of the CCP's 16th National Congress," American Foreign Policy Interests, 25: 43-51, 2003, pg. 45-46]edlee B. Division within the leadership ranks will collapse the regime Folio 03 - Program Officer at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy [Joseph C., a candidate for a Masters degree in Security Studies from Georgetown's School of Foreign Service. "Are We Taking China's Future for Granted?," Schlesinger Working Group Report, (Fall 2003)]edlee C. The result is 1 Billion dead. CCP will use WMDs to hold on to power. San 05 [Renxing, "The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War: Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed," The Epoch Times, Aug 05, 2005, pg. [ http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html]edlee ]http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html]edlee Emory CL neg Round #8 harvard Vs. aff: wake gs (IPR) Judged by: Jairus Grove Case Args: We’ll bring suit in January We’ll lose suit now No enforcement enforcement hurts the Chinese economy Disad Protectionism Retaliation disad- Tbills internal link Disad doha rounds- they are going well but trade rep will get overstretched and lose the rounds, hurts free trade Disad north korea- relations Kritik Pan, alt rejection, pretty standard Topicality Pressure- bringing suit not econ pressure Counterplan Don’t do any economic pressure on econ issues until we bring the suit (they read cars that this would happen in January) (run dispo) Topicality Recourse spec Have to spec how the suit goes down and the tariffs that result Topicality ipr isn’t trade, evidence that its royalties issue and shouldn’t be brought before the WTO Block Strategy Kicked K and all Ts cept IPR not trade 2NR Strategy T- IPR isn’t trade Lots of case Counterplan Doha disad Emory CL neg Quarters at GSU Vs. aff: Harvard KM (CVDs) Judged by: Eber, Morales, Strange US-China Relations – North Korea US-China Relations – Pakistan A-Spec T – not econ pressure Counterplan Bluffs sanctions to China in order to remove subsidies Threat Con K Pan article Protectionism/Retaliation DA Block Strategy Everything but A-Spec 2NR Strategy CP, relations DA’s, retaliation EMORY CL NEG VS NU BC @ GSU FRAMEWORK ASPEC T-ON NK DA TRADE RETALIATION DA CONSULT EU TURNER VOTES NEG: “I THINK THE PLAN IS LIKELY TO RESULT IN GREATER HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES” … “THERE IS THE PROBLEM OF CORPORATIONS DURING THE COURSE OF THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE PLAN CAUSING GREATER ATROCITIES” … THERE ARE A FEW QUESTIONS: 1 – THE KEY QUESTION IS THE HUMAN RIGHTS EFFECT OF THE PLAN – CASE HAS TO BE FIRST – DOES THE PLAN INSTITUTIONALIZE HUMAN RIGHTS? TO INSTITUTIONALIZE HUMAN RIGHTS DEPENDS ON THEM BEING PART OF INSTITUTIONS. WE DON’T INSTITUTIONALIZE THEM BY TALKING, BUT BY ENACTING POLICIES TO DEAL WITH HUMAN RIGHTS. HERE’S A PROBLEM – HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERNS VS CORPORATE AGRESSIONS CONCERN – MOVE THEM AWAY FROM CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY MUST BEAT AFF’S CORPORATE AGRESSION ADVANTAGE – TURNING HUMAN RIGHTS IS NOT ENOUGH ONCE THEY GET SMARTER AT OCHOA – IT FRAMES FUTURE DEBATE BETWEEN ECONOMIC AND HUMAN RIGHTS ADVOCATES HUMAN RIGHTS ADVOCATES COMPROMISE – BUT IN THE CONTEXT OF WE SAY THE CASE GETS TURNED THAT DOESN’T DOWNGRADE THE QUESTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS THEY’LL USE THEIR COMPLICITY ARGUMENTS TO ANSWER CASE TURNS – C/A THEIR NUREMBERG EV TURNER TOLD THEM TO READ TAKEOUTS TO DISADS AND TO MAKE APOCALYPSE K TYPE ARGS AGAINST HYPED UP DISAD IMPACTS CHINA NOT KEY TO US MARKET US COAL REVIEW 6-6-2005 “CHINA ISN’T THE ONLY FACTOR DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF THE STEEL MARKET” … “EXCESS INVENTORY IN THE U.S. MARKET” … “BY REDUCING PRODUCTION TO NUMBERS MORE IN LINE WITH SHIPMENTS” US STEEL COMPETITIVENESS HIGH SWEENY 2005 – MINING JOURNAL 4-8 “STEEL PRODUCTION IN NORTH AMERICA IN 2004” … “STEEL PRODUCTION IN THE REGION REACHED” … “THE SUN IS TAKING ITS OWN SWEET TIME SETTING” COMPANIES SOLVE THE IMPACT TO CHEAP STEAL NIKKEI WEEKLY 8-15-2005 “INCREASING THEIR CAPITAL INVESTMENTS TO ENHANCE COST COMPETITIVENESS” … “THREAT OF SURGING IMPORTS” … “PLAN TO LIFT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS WITH A FOCUS ON IMPROVING PRODUCT QUALITY” TURN – FILL IN A – RUSSIA AND BRAZIL US COAL REVIEW 7-4-2005 “BRAZIL AND RUSSIA ALSO OFFER SIGNFICANT GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES” … “FOUR PERCENT OVER THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE” B – IMPACT – RUSSIAN EXPORTS OUTWEIGH BUSINESS REPORT 5-16-2005 “RUSSIAN STEEL PRODUCERS’” … “RUSSIA’S LARGEST STEEL PRODUCERS TO ACHIEVE ALMOST FULL CAPACITY” … “STEELMAKERS WILL REMAIN HEAVY EXPORTERS” Emory CL neg Round 1 GSU Vs. aff: Judged by: Case Args: Bush Bad – India Nuclear Deal US India deal faces opposition Daily Times Pakistan 9-20-05 www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_20-9-2005_pg7_37 India is hiring a top public relation” “Pakistan demands the same treatment” Winners win – plan catapults the Bush Agenda Legal Times 9-12-05 Many republicans say AND answer is to win a high profile fight Political capital K to India deal Hindu 7-21-05 The official pointed out AND nuclear supplies to India Nuc Coop = major South Asian Nuke War Military.com 7-27-05 “this is a new formulation of Europe’s balance of power” “India and china with adverse effects throughout the world” North Korea DA (Joint Statement) Joint State will denuclearize NK. The agreement remains highly fragile Guardian 9-23-05 North korea’s unexpected pledge AND turning point may visit Pyongyang US pressure will turn NK into a diplomatic weapon – 6 party talks at risk Lam 05 online www.jamestown.org/punblications_details.php?volume_id=408&&issue_id=3298 “in any event rice’s usually candid” “diplomatic weapon against the U.S.” Implementation of the Joint Statement will prevent NK collapse CSM 9-22-05 ln Predictable matter of surprise AND too tempting for dear leader NK regime collapse = nuc lashouts vs SK Japan and US Hachigian 04 Int;l Herlad Trib 1-30-04 Here are more likely scenarios following AND policy of toppling kim jong-il Economic Pressure T Pressure means conditions Pressure is distinct from persuasion and support – the difference is it requires conditions for compliance Nelson 93 GLOBAL GOALS CONTENTOUS MEANS: ISSUES OF MULTIPLE AID CONDITIONALITY p1-2 Governments and the intl comm. … related non-project aid Plan offers inducements without conditions – pressure must include element of coercion VI: limits (bi-directional if carrot OR stick) ground (carrots moots pressure DA in the short term – our ev gives us sovereign and relations in each debate) Potential abuse (opens floodgate, RS overstretch) Extention Def’s Must do both econ and dip mechanisms Dailey ND www.sant.ox.ac.uk.areastudies/lecturesarchive/Turkmenistan/Dailey.htm “entering the eras of experimental forms” “freedom of expression and information” Econ pressure is deprivation of a target pop of econ welfare B’s Mastanduno 01 Economic Engagement Strat’s June paper for Independ and Conflict In an intriguing way … economic sanctions would have that effect Threaten a trade disruption isn’t economic pressure – must be applied Lian 05 www.chinasupport.net/site/php?/page=news233 “cancel china’s PNTR designation” “congress return to MFN reviews” Threat Construction/Security K No choice but an escalatory violent arms race with China as long as “china threat” thought remains institituionalized. Vote NEG to reject the aff’s “China Threat” rhetoric. This doesn’t mean we can’t talk about China, it just opens the door to a more objective and less dangerous debate over Chinese policy. Pan 04 (Alternatives 29 305-331) I have argued above …. Debating China might become possible The Aff is a myth – the way we view China is based on the way we view ourselves. The affrimative’s conception of the necessity of the US to stop various wars abroad creates a particular self-imagination in which the goal of all nations in politics is to be more like America. The ways we see China, and the ways the Aff’s authors write about it, are guided by this self imagination. Thus, the affirmative’s impacts are more a result of the way we view ourselves than of any actual realities. Pan 04 (Alternatives 29 305-331) American self-imagination and the Construction of Otherness …need not equate to threat Their representations are a form of action which justifies the destruction on a scale without precedent Edelman 88 CONSTRUCTING THE POLITICAL SPECTACLE p88-89 An alternative view … contemporary state as well Increase T Def: Words & Phrases 2000 v20a Plan doesn’t mandate increase – creates an option Limits: anything could increase pressure Ground – can NL or turn DA’s Free Trade Bad Interdependence increases the sources of potential world conflict Freidman 96 FUTURE OF WAR p7-9 The argument that interdependence … statistical matter highly likely Statistical analyses show free trade increases the risk of war Barbieri 96 JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH Feb p42-43 This study provides little empirical support … more rigorous investigation FT leads to water marketing and destabilizing water conflicts Barlow 01 online www.weenessgoods.com/bluegold.asp “proponents say that such a system” “worst impacts of the world water crisis” 60k nukes Weiner 90 NEXT HUNDRED YEARS P270 IF WE DO NOT DESTROY … stockpiled since trinity FT allows restricted access to HIV medication causing massive spread Weissman 02 online www.fpif.org/briefs/vol7/v7n07aids_body.html “for millions of HIV infected people” “FTAA or other international trade agreements” AIDs kills 100 million if not stopped; life may end Mathiu AFRICA NEWS 7-15-00 ln Every age has its killer AND survival of the human race was so hopelessly in jeopardy Trade lib = cycles of food shortages Seedling 96 Oct online www.grain.org/publications/oct961-en.cfm “in the south the different elements” “globalization of the colonial period” food price blips kill billions Tampe Tribune 1-20-96 ln On a global scale food prices AND half of their income on food Food shortages = WW3 Calvin 98 Atl Monthly v281 47-64 ln? Population crash scenario AND extra warming from the north atlantic FT destroys cultural Biodiversity Barlow 01 Earth Island J www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/cultural/2001/1001mono.thtm “global cultural homogenization is sweeping the world” “commodify it is to destroy it” cultural survival K to human survival Lam 00 AT THE EDGE OF THE STATE p205-6 Nevertheless as anthropologists … can lead to violence FT = env catastrophic RS extraction for export Lang 93 THE NEW PROTECTIONISM p62-63 The gearing of entire economies … try to overcome the ban Biodiv decline = roulette wheel of extinction for all Warner 94 POLITICS AND LIFE SCIENCES p177 Massive extinction of species … collective future as the stakes FT causes monoculture Frawley NO DATE www.hssworld.org/homepage/html/boudhik/articles/vamadev1.html “monoculture does quite well with free trade” “no one could free themselves” Extinction without genetic diversity Fowler 90 SHATTERING: FOOD, POLITICS AND THE LOSS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY p ix While many may ponder the consequences … latin America and asia Emory CL @ GSU Roy Levkowitz & Steven Chaudoin Opponent: Mary Washington LM Case: Countervailing Exemptions 1NC T Pressure: The plan isn’t diplomatic pressure because it doesn’t condition anything or make demand on China. T Increase: Plan doesn’t mandate an increase in pressure, it just allows a new mechanism for pressure. China specific threat construction. North Korea DA: China helped broker NK deal, avoid pressure key to making deal stick. India Deal Bad: Plan is a win for Bush, so he can do India deal, which causes prolif. Free Trade: leads to war, water wars, HIV spread, footshortages, FT destroys culture, FT kills biodiversity, FT causes monoculture. UMW __LM_____ (your initials) side ______AFF __ vs. _Emory_______ (school) _CL_ (initials) Round: __I____ Tournament: __GSU___________ Judge: __ Patri Waldinger _ Decision: __Neg_________ Your affirmative case: CVD Your advantages: Trade, 1. WTO collapse 2. Free Trade 1NC off case position #1: North Korea 1NC Structure and cites: Korea is willing to give up nukes because of China’s influence. If the US pressures China then China will retaliate by playing the “North Korea card” at the 6 party talks and change North Korea’s mind. Keeping nukes will collapse North Korea economically and result in war. Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: They draw a correlation between cooperation and relations arguing that a perceived pressure will destroy China’s willingness to cooperate despite relations. 2NR explanations: It outweighs case – Time Frame. 1NC off case position #2: Politics 1NC Structure and cites: India deal won’t get through now but the plan is a legislative win (which translates into political capitol) for Bush. The political capitol he gets from the win is key to passing the Indian deal. The Indian deal will result in a nuclear war in South Asia. Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: Plan will be perceived as “anti-China” which makes it more likely to earn political capitol for Bush. 2NR explanations: 1NC off case position #3: Threat Construction 1NC Structure and cites: Its your basic threat construction set up but the evidence is specific to China so as not to contradict with their other DA’s. Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: Rhetoric and language are the only ways to evaluate threats. Plan is a representation of our perception of China as a threat. 2NR explanations: 1NC off case position #4: Topicality 1NC Structure and cites: Pressure must not include conditionals. Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: Pressure isn’t nice!! Bi-directionality is bad. 2NR explanations: 1NC off case position #5: Topicality 1NC Structure and cites: Effects violations Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: plan is a decrease of anti-dumping suits, that’s a decrease in pressure. Also, threats are not a form of pressure. 2NR explanations: 1NC on case arguments: vs. Trade Interdependence AIDs Environment Culture Terrorism Biodiversity Food Shortage Water Wars vs. Solvency 1) They made arguments about how the plan doesn’t mandate US businesses take advantage of the countervailing duty laws so post plan the US will still rely on anti-dumping lawsuits. 2) 3) Negative Block Division of Labor: 2NC: DA’s and case 1NR: Threat construction and T 2NR went for: DA’s and case Opponent: ??? Case: Camps Detention 1NC T-Bill sell off disad Compulsory drugs disad Aspec NK proliferation EU arms sales disad T distinction b/t economic and diplomatic both, not both. Solvency takeouts Judge: Abi Smith Williams Opposing Team: ??? Title of case this team opposed: R.E.T.L. Off-case arguments: 1. Topicality Diplomatic Pressure – They don’t do it. [2NC Econ does not equal Dipl (Handmaker 04, www.reahamba.nl/documents/Oral_Presenation_Handmaker.pdf, “How can civil society bring about change..;.”); 1NC Daily 05, www.sant.ox.ac.uk/areastudies/lecturesarchive/Turkmenistan/Daily.htm, “Entering the era of experiemental…”)] 2. Retaliation DA: China will retaliate by sanctioning US. 3. North Korea: Same as round 1. 4. Drugs DA: RETL is key to stopping drugs and HIV spread in China; the impact is political terrorism in Xinjiang. [ETL key to solving AIDS (Peereuboom 04, 98 Nw. U.L. Rev. 991, “compulsory drug treatment”); Needle sharing key (Thompson 04, really long URL, so try googling “the use of contaminated needles in injecting drugs,” www.prb.org); AIDS--> attacks (Thompson 04, China: An International Journal, 287-307, MUSE “on China’s western border”)] 5. EU DA: Improving human rights causes the EU to lift the arms embargo [Increases in HR --> lift embargo (NYT, May 10, 2005, “the government this year”); Read Wake CH’s 1AC if you want the impacts)] 6. ASPEC: You love it. 7. Case: They’ll say no, advantage takeouts. Emory CL @ GSU Roy Levkowitz & Steven Chaudoin Bush Bad – India Nuclear Deal US India deal faces opposition Daily Times Pakistan 9-20-05 www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_20-9-2005_pg7_37 India is hiring a top public relation” “Pakistan demands the same treatment” Winners win – plan catapults the Bush Agenda Legal Times 9-12-05 Many republicans say AND answer is to win a high profile fight Political capital K to India deal Hindu 7-21-05 The official pointed out AND nuclear supplies to India Nuc Coop = major South Asian Nuke War Military.com 7-27-05 “this is a new formulation of Europe’s balance of power” “India and china with adverse effects throughout the world” North Korea DA (Joint Statement) Joint State will denuclearize NK. The agreement remains highly fragile Guardian 9-23-05 North korea’s unexpected pledge AND turning point may visit Pyongyang US pressure will turn NK into a diplomatic weapon – 6 party talks at risk Lam 05 online www.jamestown.org/punblications_details.php?volume_id=408&&issue_id=3298 “in any event rice’s usually candid” “diplomatic weapon against the U.S.” Implementation of the Joint Statement will prevent NK collapse CSM 9-22-05 ln Predictable matter of surprise AND too tempting for dear leader NK regime collapse = nuc lashouts vs SK Japan and US Hachigian 04 Int;l Herlad Trib 1-30-04 Here are more likely scenarios following AND policy of toppling kim jong-il Economic Pressure T Pressure means conditions Pressure is distinct from persuasion and support – the difference is it requires conditions for compliance Nelson 93 GLOBAL GOALS CONTENTOUS MEANS: ISSUES OF MULTIPLE AID CONDITIONALITY p1-2 Governments and the intl comm. … related non-project aid Plan offers inducements without conditions – pressure must include element of coercion VI: limits (bi-directional if carrot OR stick) ground (carrots moots pressure DA in the short term – our ev gives us sovereign and relations in each debate) Potential abuse (opens floodgate, RS overstretch) Extention Def’s Must do both econ and dip mechanisms Dailey ND www.sant.ox.ac.uk.areastudies/lecturesarchive/Turkmenistan/Dailey.htm “entering the eras of experimental forms” “freedom of expression and information” Econ pressure is deprivation of a target pop of econ welfare B’s Mastanduno 01 Economic Engagement Strat’s June paper for Independ and Conflict In an intriguing way … economic sanctions would have that effect Threaten a trade disruption isn’t economic pressure – must be applied Lian 05 www.chinasupport.net/site/php?/page=news233 “cancel china’s PNTR designation” “congress return to MFN reviews” Threat Construction/Security K No choice but an escalatory violent arms race with China as long as “china threat” thought remains institituionalized. Vote NEG to reject the aff’s “China Threat” rhetoric. This doesn’t mean we can’t talk about China, it just opens the door to a more objective and less dangerous debate over Chinese policy. Pan 04 (Alternatives 29 305-331) I have argued above …. Debating China might become possible The Aff is a myth – the way we view China is based on the way we view ourselves. The affrimative’s conception of the necessity of the US to stop various wars abroad creates a particular self-imagination in which the goal of all nations in politics is to be more like America. The ways we see China, and the ways the Aff’s authors write about it, are guided by this self imagination. Thus, the affirmative’s impacts are more a result of the way we view ourselves than of any actual realities. Pan 04 (Alternatives 29 305-331) American self-imagination and the Construction of Otherness …need not equate to threat Their representations are a form of action which justifies the destruction on a scale without precedent Edelman 88 CONSTRUCTING THE POLITICAL SPECTACLE p88-89 An alternative view … contemporary state as well Increase T Def: Words & Phrases 2000 v20a Plan doesn’t mandate increase – creates an option Limits: anything could increase pressure Ground – can NL or turn DA’s Free Trade Bad Interdependence increases the sources of potential world conflict Freidman 96 FUTURE OF WAR p7-9 The argument that interdependence … statistical matter highly likely Statistical analyses show free trade increases the risk of war Barbieri 96 JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH Feb p42-43 This study provides little empirical support … more rigorous investigation FT leads to water marketing and destabilizing water conflicts Barlow 01 online www.weenessgoods.com/bluegold.asp “proponents say that such a system” “worst impacts of the world water crisis” 60k nukes Weiner 90 NEXT HUNDRED YEARS P270 IF WE DO NOT DESTROY … stockpiled since trinity FT allows restricted access to HIV medication causing massive spread Weissman 02 online www.fpif.org/briefs/vol7/v7n07aids_body.html “for millions of HIV infected people” “FTAA or other international trade agreements” AIDs kills 100 million if not stopped; life may end Mathiu AFRICA NEWS 7-15-00 ln Every age has its killer AND survival of the human race was so hopelessly in jeopardy Trade lib = cycles of food shortages Seedling 96 Oct online www.grain.org/publications/oct961-en.cfm “in the south the different elements” “globalization of the colonial period” food price blips kill billions Tampe Tribune 1-20-96 ln On a global scale food prices AND half of their income on food Food shortages = WW3 Calvin 98 Atl Monthly v281 47-64 ln? Population crash scenario AND extra warming from the north atlantic FT destroys cultural Biodiversity Barlow 01 Earth Island J www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/cultural/2001/1001mono.thtm “global cultural homogenization is sweeping the world” “commodify it is to destroy it” cultural survival K to human survival Lam 00 AT THE EDGE OF THE STATE p205-6 Nevertheless as anthropologists … can lead to violence FT = env catastrophic RS extraction for export Lang 93 THE NEW PROTECTIONISM p62-63 The gearing of entire economies … try to overcome the ban Biodiv decline = roulette wheel of extinction for all Warner 94 POLITICS AND LIFE SCIENCES p177 Massive extinction of species … collective future as the stakes FT causes monoculture Frawley NO DATE www.hssworld.org/homepage/html/boudhik/articles/vamadev1.html “monoculture does quite well with free trade” “no one could free themselves” Extinction without genetic diversity Fowler 90 SHATTERING: FOOD, POLITICS AND THE LOSS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY p ix While many may ponder the consequences … latin America and asia vs. Internet Consult the EU CP- Same cites as before Topicality- -Pressure is Government to Government. (De Neuilly, Center for Political research at the Sorbonne in paris, 2001 (Yves Buchet, Economic Sanctions against Serbia: Dissonant Strategies and Autonomous Games of the EU External Relations, Paper presented at the 29th joint Sessions of Workshops of the European Consortium for political, research. April 2001 Economic relations with third states is a EU… economic bureaucratic games) -On means Directly Against -Diplomatic pressure is distinct from economic pressure, must do. Pressure requires conditions for compliance (Nelson and Elington, 1993 (Joan and Stephanie, senior associate of the Overseas Development Council and graduate student at Duke University, Global Goals, Contentious Means: Issues of Multiple Aid Conditonality, p 1-2 (Governments and the international community use three basic approaches… project and related non-project aid.) more ev (Erika Dailey Director of the Open Society Insitutute’s Turkmenistan Project, a divison of OSI’s Central Eurasia Project 6/24/05 (Entering the Era of Experimental Forms of Leverage… trade and other sanctions) Retaliation DA China is increasing their import of US goods. Asian Political News 9/19/05 (Whilte to two leaders remained apart…surplus with the United States) US pressure hurts the US economy, causes China to seel off T Bills and starts a trade war Legrain, Special Advisor to WTO Dirctor general Moore, November 3, 2003 (Phillipine, The New Republic, Lexis) Such pressure on China could have disastrous consequences… spiral out of control, seriously impeding trade) Nuc war- Spicer North Korea DA Joint Statement will denuclearize N. Korea. Unfortunately, the agreement remains highly fragile The Guardian Sept. 23, 05 [ Simon Tisdall, “ N Korea caught in Sino-US pincer,” Sep 23, 2005, pg.9] US pressure will turn N. Korea into a diplomatic weapon --- the 6-Party Talks will be at risk Lam 05 - Senior Fellow at The Jamestown Foundation [Willy Wo-Lap, “ BEIJING'S ALARM OVER NEW "U.S. ENCIRCLEMENT CONSPIRACY" China Brief, Volume 5, Issue 8 (April 12, 2005) pg. http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&&issue_id=3298] C. Implementation of the Joint Statement will prevent N. Korean collapse. Christian Science Monitor Sept. 22, 05 [“North Korea's capitalist manifesto,” September 22, 2005, Pg. 08//ln] D. N. Korean regime collapse risks nuclear lashouts against S. Korea, Japan, and US Hachigian and Bennett 04 - Director of the Center for Asia Pacific Policy @ the RAND Corporation and Senior policy analyst at RAND.[Nina and Bruce, “Don't try regime change in North Korea,” International Herald Tribune, January 30, 2004, pg. ln] Case arguments China will backlash on HR pressure Calculations good Emory CS @ GSU Judge:?? Case:?? 1.Humiliation K- Humiliating china bad 2. Quiet diplomacy CP- do plan quietly 3. T- oh - must put pressure on china and not a 3rd party 4. T- pressure must have conditions of pressure Emory FF Round # 1 Ga st Louisville IR Forslund, Eric. Framework UDL’s good/non competitive purpose. Perry green narrative – UDL’s good. Case args Pressure fails 2NR Strategy UDL’s good (perry green narrative) Meet three tiers of validity framework Emory FF @ GSU Mark Fruedenheim & Joel Fulton Emory – Freudenheim/Fulton Louisville Project Neg Framework- policy-making good Counter advocacy of Urban Debate Leagues 3.`Putting pressure on China leads to backlash (metaphor for pressure on the debate community) Vs. Taiwan CBM's 1. T - Pressure = sanctions 2. Joint Statement DA w/ North Korea collapse scenario 3. China nationalism Da 4. quiet diplomacy CP w/ relations net benefit 5. humiliation Kritik w/ case turn 6. no war case defense Emory GD@ Richmond T- On=direct diplomacy Quiet diplomacy arg Humiliation K When HR are enforced and submitted to the public gaze, something more than ethics is at play. Humiliation constructs China as the root of guilt and degradation, a country of dirty hands that need to be cleaned. This imposition of humiliation sustains the cycles of violence being confronted. Instead we should deal with the narratives of tragedy by internalizing responsibility. Cobb 2004 (“Humiliation as Positions in Narratives: Implications for Policy Development” Case is turned- humiliation dynamics of international politics are the core cause of all conflicts. Klein 1992 (“The Humiliation Dynamic,” The Journal of Primary Prevention) Humiliation is based on nationalistic knowledge practices that result in violent counter revolutions. The affirmative assumes that ethics is a straight forward system of right and wrong. Callahan 2004 (“National Insecurities: Humiliation, Salvation and Chinese Nationalism” Alternatives 29, 199-218) Hu DA Emory GP Neg Round # 8 Shirley Vs Team: Dartmouth bm Judge: varant Case Args: 1. 100% metaphor, can only tell if metaphors are well chosen 98 2. turn/: K! realist- 02 3. turn/: increases the spread because new metaphors of Aids X 4. T/: new metaphors hurts people with AIDs X 5. T/: complacency part of a culture of denial, hurts the people who have Aids AT: Adv. 1. humanitarianism does not help bare life X 2. mechanism for dehumanization, Butler 04 3. Off Case Args: ASPEC A) violation- spec which branch We have definitional support- power is not centralized in a monolithic fed gov Alabama LR 2002 summer “the framers sought to protect” and “Houses of Congress” Elmore 80 2. resolved Topicality- econ/dip, aff have to be distinct actions Daily 05 Military metaphor- CP: USFG condition viral control, dispo Lots of theory about how CP isn’t just Plan plus Cirtical assistance to china for viral strain Tobias 05 Moral responsibility ARB Sess 02 US obligation to observe the PRCs Yemin 03 US foreign policy Zempler 04 Evaluate net benefit to CP- incorporation = better approach to HIV/Aids X CITES: CITES: B. US has a moral resp to support ARV programs in china. The successfully merges the support human rights with the fight against AIDs Joanne Csete 2002 Connecticut journal of int’l law spring “human rights laws confers on states” and “suffering it brings” US has an obligation to preserve the PRC’s access to HIV mediactions. The use of bilateral aid as a source of dip and econ pressure contravene our obligation Alicia Yamin 2003 (BU int’l Law journal fall) “rich states should not” and “on a non-discriminatory basis” US support of access to ARV drugs challenges the dominance of the Westphalian framework in US foreign policy that they critique in 1ac and halting the spread of AIDS David P. Fidler 2004 harv env LR spring 2004 17 Harv Hum Rts J 99 “The dominant feature of the” and “manifested in the HIV/AIDS pandemic remain” You should evaluate the net benefit to our CP because its incorporation into your decision calc is critical to a successful formulation of a rights-based approach to HIV/AIDS Richard Lewis Siegel 96 human rights quarterly, project muse “A rights-based approach should consider” and “approach to the HIV/AIDS pandemic” AT: Sontag stuff 1. 100% fatality rate makes the metaphorical comparisons accurate. Since it is impossible to think without metaphors, the ony question we can answer is whether the metaphors are well or ill chosen Paul robinson 89 NYT jan 22 “differs from cancer in one striking respect” 2. Turn/: critique is worthless, can only offer misleading and illusory solutions Nancy Bristow 02 reviews in American history 30.1 project muse “many scholars have explored” and “cultural contexts” 3. new metaphors for AIDS = complacency Wendy E. Parmet and Daniel J. Jackson 97 Amer Journal of Law and Medicine 23 Am JL and Med 7 “public health officials” and “reach of many” 4. new aids metaphors decrease access to treatment and legal protections for people with AIDS Parmet again “new social construction” and “social images may diminish” CP card Pres’s emergency plan for AIDS relief is good assistance to china for antiretroviral treatment program Randall Tobias 2005 http://hongkon.usconsulate.gov/uscn/state/2005/032301.htm “The U.S. commitment in fiscal” and “next two years” CP solves discrimination Csete again “in countries where antiretroviral drugs” and “kinds of stigma” Denial of ARV is a human rights violation Jennifer joni 2002 conn journal of in’l law spring ”The HIV/AIDS epidemic” and “with the disease” Right to healthcare is paramount. All other rights are worthless without it Anita Pereira 2004 connecticut public interest law journal spring 2004 “a human right transcends” and “right to health” Preserving the right to access medication is a superior response Alicia ely yamin 2003 again “compassion is a notoriously” and “those obligations” More yamin “in order for human rights principles” and “specific norms” Decision calculus good Siegel 96 richard lewis, again “most of the leading” and were enlisted” Politicization of AIDS breeds a culture of secrecy, shame and fear Colin Crawford 96 3 cardozo women’s LJ 31 “although AIDS and HIV are better” and “medical reality” Mandatory testing medicalizes our reponse to HIV/AIDs and destigmatizes and depoliticizes our discourse Colin Crawford again “if the AIDS epidemic” and “employed about HIV and AIDS AT: bare life stuff 1. their erasure of suffering serves as a mechanism for dehumanization. It creates a normative scheme that constitutes a radical effacement of their humanity Judith butler 04 Precarious life: the power of mourning and violence p. 147-8 “representation works in relation to humanization” and “accomplished” Heins concludes neg Volker heins again “this paragraph contains” and “agamben’s position” Humanitarianism does not reduce lives to “bare life” it is the protector of moral agency Volker Heins may 2005 german law journal no. 5 http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=598 “in relation to the modern nation state” and “moral agency” Block Strategy: Everything (including T and ASPEC) 2nr Strategy: No T or ASPEC Emory GP Neg Round 6 Shirley Vs Team: Alabama BP Judge: Hester 1NC- T- Diplomatic pressure Tax Reform Case args- Consequentialism is good Lopez CP Text: The US Supreme Court should devolve authority over visas for citizens of the People’s Republic of China by devolving the power to issue them to the states and relevant sub national actors, citing the Lopez precedent as justification. The state and sub-nationals should devolve power to issue them directly to American landowners who will be legally responsible for the conduct of whomever entry is granted so long as the entrant does not own land in America, We’ll clarify. Theory Supreme court action is key Florida Law Review 1998 (Antony Kolene) “second, without further” “narrow range of facts” Any federal control is unconstitutional Florida Law Review 1998 (Antony Kolene) “the argument that” “sovereign power of the states” Calabrese 2NC- T, case Emory GP Neg Round # 6 Shirley Vs Team: Alabama BP Judge: Bellon Case Args: Off Case Args: Lopez CP: SC action key, Florida Law Review 98 “Second, without further guidance” Stops wars, helps trade: Calabresi 95 (Michigan Law Review) Spicer 1996 T Economic Pressure: -econ pressure is govt to govt De Nevilly 01, European Consortium for Political Research, “Foreign policy is still considered an intergovernmental matter” -PRC = Govt of China Federal Register 2001 (Lexis, “The U.S. Government recognized the PRC as the sole legal government of China” -state-owned business = Government U.S. Code 2005 22 USCS 69D3, Lexis “or any such governmental entity or as to which the central government or any such” -solvency evidence exists for sanctions on govt Pinkston 2005, www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/transcripts/05_03_10.pdf -Mastanduno 2001 Economic Engagement Strategies p 8 T Diplomatic = public protest www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList510/35289C31F0187A41C1256B6600591427 Block Strategy: T, Lopez, Tax Reform Politics, Util Good 2nr Strategy: T Emory GP Round #3 Shirley Vs Team: Central Oklahoma DS Judge: Brian Bittner Case Args: Off Case Args: Consult Japan Human rights k Universal human rights lead to colonialism Mutual, 6-16-02, http://www.ceulhu/legal/ind_vs_stat/Mutua_paper_2002.htm The promise of human rights…a human rights movement that wins Human rights logic authorizes violence Coviello, 2k, queer frontiers, p. 40-41 Perhaps. But to claim that American culture…that can scarcely be done without. Universal human rights creates a false either or, leading to imperialist violence Mutual 02 Debates about the universality of the corpus…exchange, or through trade and aid. Sanctions fail to protect human rights Lukas and Griswold, 97, http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/handbook/hb107-61.pdf Even if sanctions inflict some pain on the target…against a dictatorship will fail. Sanctions move oppression down the ladder Kappler 1995, animals and women, p. 334-336 In the political context of behavior of humans…to legislate and to define these “rights.” Block Strategy: Human rights k Consult japan 2nr Strategy: Human rights k Emory GP Neg Round 1 Shirley Vs. aff: Redlands AIDs aff Judged by: Robert Thomas Case Args: Takeouts, china doesn’t accept aid conditioning, aids vaccine solves Human rights promotion US human rights cred=democracy promotion, that causes war Biopower K Biopower bernauer stuff Affs apocalyptic disease rhetoric causes domination Schell 1997 Configurations 5.1 ‘the united states has become infected with…ipso factor a competitor’ Disease causes fear of the other Schell, ‘the journalists who are writing about…pages of The Hot Zone’ Western doctor causes biopolitical horror Dougherty, 2001 Cultural Critique, 48.1 ‘maryk’s dilemma, his capture…like killing a man’ T Gotta be diplomatic and economic Emory GP Pre Shirley Aff Neg vs Human rights (only time we went for substance other than IPR, which others will give u cites for) ) Turn: Pressure fails on Chinese HR, they will just crack down more to control dissent Li and Drury, Prof’s @ Univ. of Missouri, 2004 (Yitan and A. Cooper, International Studies Perspectives 5, 378-394) As we have attempted to show in our assessment of the U.S. threats aimed at attaining better human rights in China, Turn: Pressure on human rights causes China to break off all dialogue on human rights The New York Sun April 1, 2004 Lexis Eventually, however, Congress tired of playing that role. Members had dreams of selling their constituents' goods in China. The lesson that China responded to US hypocrisy prevents HR pressure from changing China China Daily, May 21, 2004 http://www2.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-05/21/content_332382.htm The US annual report on its endeavor to "improve human rights", mentioning no word about the recent abuse scandal Because of ideological differences and xenophobia, diplomatic pressure on China will fail. Yitan Li and A. Cooper Drury, November 2004 (International Studies Perspectives, Volume 5, Issue 4, pp378-80, “Threatening Sanctions when Engagement would be More Effective: Attaining Better Human Rights in China.”) First, the Chinese traditional value of Confucianism has for thousands of years influenced China's definition of human China’s HR violations are because of their national security fears, so pressuring them might yield concessions but not any overall improvement Cardenas, Dep of PoliSci @ Trinity College, June 2004 (Sonia, International Studies Review Volume 6 Issue 2 Page 213 Just as existing approaches do not always explain the timing of human rights change, we can also inquire into how HR pressure on China won’t work because they don’t have a domestic political opposition Wachman, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy @ Tufts, 2001 (Alan, Third World Quarterly, Vol 22, No 2, pp 257–281) Norm-violating states are denounced as pariah states which do not belong to the WOT Coop with china high now CONDOLEEZZA RICE ABC News 3-13-05 Well, I think at this point they're a rising force in international politics, The US trades HR silence for war on terror cooperation The Business Times Singapore November 11, 2004 Lexis Now, another catastrophic event, the terrorist attacks on the US on Sept 11, 2001, has helped to change American China contributes massive amounts intelligence and cooperation to the war on terror De Castro, Assc. Prof @ Univ of South Carolina, January 1, 2005 (Renato Cruz, Asian Affairs: An American Review, No. 4, Vol. 31; Pg. 212, Lexis) When he assumed the presidency in January 2001, George W. Bush was committed to a realist foreign policy directed Sample Text: The USFG should offer the necessary development project incentives to the People’s Republic of China in order for them to do [the plan’s goal] A) Development incentives are more productive for human rights change in China, they also help alleviate secessionist tendencies in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Taiwan Geist, Research Assoc @ the Council of Foreign Relations, June 2004 (Darren, http://www.princeton.edu/~dgeist/democracyhumanrightschina.pdf) Nations tend to criticize China when they have own human Comparatively the CP’s engagement is more productive than pressure- and our CP avoids the DA’s Gregory J Moore, Grad School of International Studies Univ of Denver., 9-18-00 http://www.du.edu/humanrights/workingpapers/papers/08-moore-09-00.pdf In conclusion, resorting to more coercive tactics, using MFN as a club to beat Chinese leaders into submission on human rights, would 1.) Conflict in Central Asia escalates drawing the US into a major power war The Rand Corp 2003 (Olga Oliker, Thomas Szayna, eds Faultlines of Conflict in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Implications for the U.S. Army Chapter 9: Sources of Conflict in Central Asia and Paths to US involvement) We assume that U.S. involvement in a conflict in CASC at the higher levels of conflict severity would have to stem Critics of the CP ignore historical track record and specific human rights issues James A. Dorn, Vice President for Academic Affairs at the Cato Institute and Professor of Economics at Towson State University Cato Journal “Trade and Human Rights: The Case of China” 1996 http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj16n1-5.html The rise of democracy in South Korea and Taiwan attests to the power of the market in generating political liberalization Pressure results in china cutting of ties with us killing future influence Gregory J Moore, Grad School of International Studies Univ of Denver., 9-18-00 http://www.du.edu/humanrights/workingpapers/papers/08-moore-09-00.pdf What of political dissidents? It appears that for a couple of years, MFN linkage may have helped a few big-name dissidents. Since 1994, for whatever reasons, things have become tighter for dissidents. While no one really knows what the Chinese leadership would do in this situation, I would argue that MFN The US currently has no legitimacy as a human rights promoter The Guardian, 1/14/05 The torture and degrading treatment of prisoners in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Guantanamo Bay have undermined the Strong us human rights policies set a precedent for us credibility Human Rights First, 10/25/04, “Introduction”, http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/archives/arc_misc/ITNI/introduction1.htm Inevitably there will be sharp disagreement on a number of specific rights issues, often when other policy interests come into play. But we see at least six concrete areas where the Bush Administration can take steps immediately to demonstrate its Human rights credibility leads to U.S. democracy promotion Makau Mutua, Professor of Law LL.B., University of Dar-es-Salaam, 2002, Human Rights a Political and Cultural Critique, p. 7-8 The approach in this book views the human rights text and its discourse as requiring the typology of state based on the Bush will aggressively push democracy in the Middle East, he believes it is key to his war on terrorism Carothers, writer for foreign affairs, in 2003 [Thomas, “Promoting Democracy and Fighting Terror,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2003, p. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1154&prog=zgp&proj=zdrl] Whereas "Bush the realist" holds sway on most fronts in the war on terrorism, a neo-Reaganite Bush may be emerging in the Middle East. In the Mid East democratization causes nuclear proliferation Ray Takeyh, Fellow in International Security Studies at Yale University and Nikolas Gvosdev, editor of In the National Interest, March 5, 2003, UPI, http://www.cfr.org/pub7344/ray_takeyh_nikolas_k_gvosdev/arab_democracy_and_american_security.php Nor would the United States find a democratic Middle East more hospitable terrain for its anti-proliferation priorities. In the era Mid East proliferation spirals to nuclear conflict Sharad Joshi, Student, International Relations, March 2000, Strategic Analysis, http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/sa/sa_00jos01.html The introduction of nuclear weapons in an already hostile region could increase the possibility of actual use of nuclear Universal Human Rights create a false dichotomy between the civilized west, and the savage third world. This script limits our understanding of global affairs and is used to justify aggressive intervention and colonialism. The affirmatives attempt to act as savior to Chinese citizens ideologically twists the notion of human dignity into a tool of oppression Makau Mutua (Human Rights Center, SUNY-Buffalo Law School) Universalism in Law: Human Rights and the Rule of Law 6-16-02 http://www.ceu.hu/legal/ind_vs_state/Mutua_paper_2002.htm The promise of human rights to the Third World is that problems of cruel conditions of life, state instability, and other Universalist Human Rights unnecessarily create an either or between universalism and complete relativism. Voting negative rejects this logic of either or that is little more than a smokescreen used to hide imperialist violence Makau Mutua (Human Rights Center, SUNY-Buffalo Law School) Universalism in Law: Human Rights and the Rule of Law 6-16-02 http://www.ceu.hu/legal/ind_vs_state/Mutua_paper_2002.htm Debates about the universality of the corpus between the industrialized West and the South should not be viewed with Human rights can be reclaimed- Voting negative is an attempt to shed the ideological baggage of universalism endorsed in the 1AC Uwe-Jens Heuer and Gregor Schirmer translated from the German by Anita Mage Monthly Review Vol 49 No. 10 March 1998 http://www.monthlyreview.org/398heuer.htm The question remains whether and how, in light of this critical and pessimistic picture, conditions in conformity with human rights Attacks against our alternative mimic the closed nature of the human rights movements. Attempts to embrace a universal and final notion of human rights end up closing off choice and authorizing violence against outsiders Makau Mutua (Human Rights Center, SUNY-Buffalo Law School) Universalism in Law: Human Rights and the Rule of Law 6-16-02 http://www.ceu.hu/legal/ind_vs_state/Mutua_paper_2002.htm The main authors of the human rights discourse have thus far been reluctant to be critical of the human rights movement.  China will resist human rights pressure as an act of US imperialism Willy Wo-Lap Lam CNN.com, April 17, 2002 http://www.taiwansecurity.org/CNN/2002/CNN-041702.htm Taking a leaf out of Chairman Mao Zedong's book, Beijing is laying the groundwork for a protracted war against imperialism. The K The concept of security is a social construct- Claims of war and conflict create a false dichotomy between the evil them and the good us, ignoring our role in provoking aggression Mack, MD, Psychodynamics of International Relationships Vol 1 p. 58-59 1991 Attempts to explore the psychological roots of enmity are frequently met with an argument that, reduced to its essentials The China threat serves a dual political purpose. It simultaneously mobolizes our resources towards war while relieving us of the psychological baggage that would normally come along with endorsing violence. Chengxin Pan'*,Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts, Australian National University, 2004 [Alternatives 29 (2004), 305-331] American Self-imagination and the Construction of Otherness In 1630, John Winthrop, governor of the British-settled Massachusetts Bay Colony, The power to secure life from the ever present apocalypse mobilizes the conditions necessary for a “total” war against alterity Coviello, PhD in English From Cornell, Queer Frontiers, 2K p. 40-41 Perhaps. But to claim that American culture is at present decisively postnuclear is not to say that the world we inhabit is in any way postapocalyptic. Apocalypse, as I began by Questions of Ontology must be asked and Answered First Since they inform all relevant knowledge and conceptions of the “problem” Dillon, Prof of Politics @ University of Lancaster, Moral Spaces 99 p. 97-98 Heirs to all this, we find ourselves in the turbulent and now globalized wake of its confluence. As Heidegger-himself an especially revealing figure of the deep and mutual implication Finally, the stories we tell regarding connectedness and security are influential---use the ballot to refuse the affs representations---this is crucial to an enduring peace Joanna Byles, 2k3, “Psychoanalysis and War”, Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, 8, It is here of course that language plays an important role in imagining the other, the other within the self, and the other as self, as well as the Sanctions serve an identity creation function- they serve to demarcate the boundries of our international community. Those located outside are demonized. Sanctions draw a line between legitimate and illegitimate violence Adeno Addis William Ray Forrester Professor of Public and Constitutional Law at Tulane University Law School. He received his B.A. and LL.B. (Honours) from Macquarie University (Australia), and an LL.M. and a J.S.D from Yale. He has published extensively in the areas of American constitutional law, communications law, human rights, and jurisprudence. Human Rights Quarterly 25 (2003) 573–623 © 2003 The second, and more important issue is the actual process through which economic sanctions are used in deciding who is Sanctions are based on the logic of acceptable sacrifice Adeno Addis William Ray Forrester Professor of Public and Constitutional Law at Tulane University Law School. He received his B.A. and LL.B. (Honours) from Macquarie University (Australia), and an LL.M. and a J.S.D from Yale. He has published extensively in the areas of American constitutional law, communications law, human rights, and jurisprudence. Human Rights Quarterly 25 (2003) 573–623 © 2003 Even in relation to the identity-constituting objective, many of the sanction regimes seem to be spectacularly unsuccessful. The image This Neoliberal logic culminates in extinction Boaventura de Sousa Santos leading Portuguese social theorist, the director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, and has written and published widely on the issue of globalization. Bad Subjects, Issue # 63, April 2003 http://eserver.org/bs/63/santos.html According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it should try to save humanity by destroying part Emory HH Neg Round 8 Shirley Vs Team: MSU BH Judge: Ben Warner Case Args: 1. Other species kill forests now USA Today November 12, 2004 “thirty imported insects” “its country of origin is unknown” 2. Infestations occurred before heat treating was implemented Home News Tribune February 3, 2005 “in previous years” “to be heat-treated” 3. Beetles are already here UPI November 12, 2004 “US agricultural and forestry officials” “in Maryland and Virginia” 4. SQ regs harmonize nation sto solve pest threat State department March 18, 2002 “approximately 90 countries” “said in the release” 5. SQ solves State department 2002 “to guarantee that the packaging” “of the world’s forests” 6. already spread to ohio USA today November 12, 2004 “if we don’t stop this in Northwest Ohio” “going to be able to stop it” 7. Korea alt caus Home News Tribune February 3, 2005 “experts believe the” “sites in North America” 8. trees bring beetles in St. Louis Post Dispatch November 24, 2004 “Marianne Luth thought” “to eradicate the Midwest” 9. insecticide solves Pesticide and toxic chemical news February 25, 2002 “a general use pesticide” “being used in New York” 10. Ecosystems recover Boucher 1996 11. War will happen Sagan Off Case Args: Chinese Economic Reform DA (Case List) Counter Plan- Do the plan but only phase out wood packing material treated with methyl bromide. Consumer Confidence The plan massively increases the costs of Chinese imports. APHIS ’98 (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Solid Wood Packing Material From China, 9-18) “Although a ban” “substituted for SWPM” Kills consumer spending PR Newswire 11/1/05 “consumer price for products” “Americans can’t afford it” ConCon key to Econ Trade Credibility DA Plan violated WTO State Department March 18, 2002 “around 90 countries have” “appropriate means for” Copley News Service Plan violated fair trade standard only applies to china Campbell America Lands Alliance 2001 Bioscience February 1, 2001 “although USDA policy” “various European food exports” Import bans violate the WTO Anderson and Grewell 2000 “the Greening of foreign policy” Perc Policy Series November “environmental concerns have not” “squeezed a dolphin to death” Plan leads to global retaliation Material Handling Management February 1, 2003 “ Shipping to China is a special problem” “reaction by all others” Plan violates WTO packing material stuff LA Times 8-14 “he also said a ban” “ trade balance going on” Block Strategy: Kicks out of Concon, Chinese politics, goes for protectionism DA, CP and case. 2nr Strategy: CP Trade DA Case Emory HH neg Round #3 Vs. aff: Michigan State DT Judged by: Hays Watson Case Args: Democracy- A. People that want democratic info can get it now- emails, political forums Cullen, 1999 Columbia Journal of Asian Law. Lexis “As part of its strategy” “available in China” B. Foreign ISP’s bypass it Shipchandler, 2000, “The Wild Wild Web” Cornell international Law journal. “low barriers to entry” “intimidation of its citizens” Turn- People that use open internet would be young urban anti-Japanese nationalists Mooney 05. yaleglobal.yale.org “many visionaries predicted” “poses a new challenge”. Western consensus is that China will not be able to control the Internet Lokman Tsui, July 2001 “Internet in China: Big Mama is Watching You” MA Thesis “in the new century” “mercurial medium” Internet growth too rapid to control Liu Yuan, Feb. 2, 01. Asiaweek. Proquest. “Trying to impose” “keep in check” Chinese hackivists are able to get around governmental censorship Farley, Jan. 4, 99. LA Times “series of Internet” “internet security division” Rerouting circumvents Firewall Newbold 03. Open Internet = social chaos, Tiananmen crackdowns, violent blocks to democracy Cullen 99 “government clearly understands” “ screws on politics” Cisco’s routers have been pirated and counterfeiters routers will be sold post plan Bryen and Berman, 9/23/02 www.uscc.gov “Cisco being the main” “Cisco is upset” China won’t give up control of its media- security risks Xia, 9-23-02 www.uscc.gov “will China give” “the totalitarian regime” Other countries fill in for US Wessel, 9-23-02, www.uscc.gov “someone else will do so” Scare tactics censor- plan doesn’t solve this Wagner 1/8/96. proquest. Computerworld. “government’s tactics boil” “undesirable or subversive” China won’t follow UN Pelosi, 99. Testimony before subcomm. On Trade (http://waysandmeans.house.gov/legacy/trade/106cong/6-8-99/6-8pelo.htm) “the U.S. experience” havoc on the international” Disease Frontline- Same as caselist Tax Reform Bad Politics Disad: Tax Reform Bad US Politics- Winners Win- Bush needs a quick victory The Australian 10-22-05 “What a difference a year makes” “Senate face misconduct allegations” Political Capital allows bush to push for full tax reform destroying the housing market Goldman Sachs Daily Financial Commitment 10-19-05 (Tax Reform: The Bank may be worse than the bite, Bloomberg) “The President’s advisory panel on” “next year, and will have difficulty even doing that” Tax repeal devastates housing and the US economy Financial Times 10-19-05 “Tax experts gave a cautious welcome” “of the people of New York” Bush will spend political capital to get tax reform- it’s a tough fight but can pass New and Observer 11/8/05 http://dwb.newsobserver.com/24hour/business/story /2882991p-11544248c.html “Twenty years ago” “as they launch their 2006 campaigns” Economic Decline Leads to war Mead ‘92 2NC Uniqueness: Bush will spend pc to get tax reform- tough fight, won’t pass, but can New and Observer, 11/8/05 “Reagan put his fresh” “launch their 2006 campaigns” Home mortgage portion will be stripped out now due to lack of support- it's a dog Time 11-14-05 “at the white house” “mojo before then” Tax reform not met with congressional support NYT 11-10-05 “root canal surgery” Tax reform sparks major political battle Univ. Wire, 11-10-05 “heated political fight” Weak Bush dooms tax reform now Economist.com 11-9-05 “roiling the housing market” “its current form” 2NC Links: Moderates are anti China Alden and Sevastopulo, 05. August 5, Financial Times “China has kowtowed”… “force to the Washington” Moderates Key Agenda Portland Press Herald, 11-15-04, lexis. “the open question” “his agenda through” Open internet access is bipartisan Newbold, 03 , lexis Univ. of Illinois Journal of Law, Tech. & Policy 503 “In early October….Freedom Act” Bipart key agenda Fortier, 5/1/03 “It does not make”…. “accomplish more” Congress is anti China Financial Times, 8-3-05 lexis “an inquest into” “terms of the debate” Pressuring China has massive congressional support and spills over to other issues- China supporters have lost all influence Financial Times 8-5-05 “Ant-China sentiment has” “you defend China” North Korea Disad- same as caselist Hu Jintao Disad US Pressure will distract Hu’s focus and prevent economic reforms Stratfor.com 11-8-05 “As China’s leadership” “demonstrate positive actions” Economic reforms are critical to prevent the income gap from reaching dangerous levels US News Sept. 29, 05 www.usnews.com “Even as some Chinese” “evolution to a market economy” Termianl impact is Sino-Russian war causing nuclear winter Sharavin 01. Oct. 3. What the papers say. “Chinese propaganda has” “possible nuclear winter” China views plan as threat to legitimacy Chinese officials perceive internet as threat to control Cullen and Choy, Spring 05. San Diego International Law Journal. “The fast development” flow of information” Chinese government officials view open internet as threat to control Tefft, 96, CSM, proquest “Worried that the new” “hinder public order” Strong US unilateral action empowers nationalists Moore, 2k. www.du.edu “the struggle within the pary” “we told you so” No pressure in SQ- Congress moderates Financial Times, 11-8-05 “Since China joined…much tougher actions” Topicality On Pressure Block Strategy: Politics: Tax reform Bad DA Hu Jintao DA Case Kicked North Korea DA 2NR Strategy Politics and Case Emory HH Round # Shirley 2 Vs Team: UT Dallas AL Judge: Abi Smith Williams Case Args: 1. Impact evidence = hype, only 116 cases reported Irish Health 2005 http://www.irishhealth.com/?level=4&id=8381 “While governments…has been predicted” (multiple cards) 2. Medical innovation prevents Cunningham 10-17-2005 “Is Avian Flu Being Overhyped? http://instapundit.com/archives/026224.php “As a medical researcher...will never see another 1918” 3. generations to mutate and isn’t spreading rapidly US Fed News 11-3-2005 “Foreign affairs editor Pramit…just cook it well” 4. Even if mutates, dies quickly Chicago Tribune 11-1-2005 Dorning htpp://news.yahoo.com/s/chitribts/birdfluriskhingesoncomputationmutation “But even if the virus does adapt…flu pandemics” (Multiple cards) 5. vaccines preventbird flu spread = Newsweek 05 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9630262/site/newsweek “Most researcher think our luck….results by the end of the decade” 6.Can’t solve other outbreaks – Indonesia AFP 11-7 http://www.todayonline.com/articles/82738.asp “The head of a special UN team…the threat posed by the virus” Vietnam ISN Security Watch 11-7-05 http://www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?id=13414 “As concerns grow that Vietnam….with a pandemic should it arrive” 7. PRC already controlling bird flu – WHO Knight Ridder 11-4-2005 http://www.realcities.com/mld/krwashington/13077250.htm “Global health experts say China’s…..is spreading, he said.” Off Case Args: Relations DA a. Bush and Hu will meet on Nov 19th to establish a cooperative early warning system to prevent bird flu pandemic Asia Times 11-10-05 “Amid global fears that a deadly bird flu…bring it up again” b. US support of the 2008 olmpics is key to sustaining US-China cooperation Nautilus Institute 2001 Report of a workshop June 6-10 2000 Shanghai Hov 15-17 2000, “Scenarios for the future of united states-china relations 2001-2010” p. 13 “The decade opens with strong…appears to be dawning” c. US-Sino disease coop prevent spread of infectious diseases – solves case and stops spread of AIDS Bangkok Post 10-31-2005 China cooperate as Bush announces bird flu policy, http://www.bangkokpost.com/breaking_news/news/breakingnews.php?id=58943 “The United States and China have agreed…best extent possible” Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Emory HH Pre Shirley China is increasing their imports of US goods Asian Political News September 19, 2005 Lexis While the two ... with the United States. B) Pressure hurts the US economy, causes China to sell of T Bills and starts a trade war Legrain, Special Advisor to WTO Director General Moore, November 3, 2003 (Phillipe, The New Republic, Lexis) Such pressure on ... were affected by trade restrictions. C) A new wave of protectionism would erupt into nuclear conflict Spicer, The Challenge from the East and the Rebirth of the West, 1996, p. 121 Jamie--here's the neg disclosure for HH and CL. We run the same stuff. We usually read a T violation of some sort, depending on the aff. China threat K: this is the Pan K everyone runs Wen DA: Wen is in an unstable position. He could easily lose his power to Zeng Taipei Times, 05 (Oct 15, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/10/15/2003275877) A lack of infrastructure construction in coastal areas and the risk of a shortage ….. and he was harshly criticized by Zeng during the plenum, Liu said. US economic pressure is a loss for Wen Halloran, 05 (Richard, Straights Times, Dec 3, http://www.taiwansecurity.org/ST/2003/ST-051203.htm) Wen Jiabao of China is scheduled to arrive in Washington on Sunday armed ……That most likely means talking but doing nothing. Wen is key to Chinese agricultural reform decrease rural taxes Roberts, 02 (Dexter, Dec 2, Business Week, Iss. 3810,~ p.~22~) While in the west, Wen developed credentials ….. "He will continue promoting agricultural restructuring." Reforms good DA: A) Chinese economic reform now BBC Monitoring International Reports August 25, 2005 [Xinhua news agency domestic service, Beijing, in Chinese 1101 gmt 24 Aug 05] Participants in the meeting heard a report by the State Development and Reform Commission on implementing B) International pressure on China undermines the political will to reform in favor of DSB compliance--Domestic pressures will overcome foreign pressures Duncan, Associate, Wilbon & Associates, J.D., L.L.M., 2002 [Christopher, 18 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 399] A lack of political will within China is another reason that a compliance program may not pass its initial stages. C) Chinese noncompliance with the WTO dispute resolution mechanism will single-handedly topple the system Duncan, Associate, Wilbon & Associates, J.D., L.L.M., 2002 [Christopher, 18 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 399] The powerful compliance obligations of the WTO DSU have found legitimacy in the theory that Member states D) WTO trade mechanisms lock in cooperation that prevents nuclear war. Copley News Service, 12/1/99 For decades, many children in America and other countries went to bed fearing annihilation by nuclear war. The These reforms are needed to alleviate rural poverty China Daily 05 (August 17, http://en.ce.cn/National/Rural/200508/17/t20050817_4445131.shtml) Zheng Chanzi, a farmer who lives in North China's Hebei …. counties across the country by 10% this year. D. The terminal impact is a Sino-Russian war that results in Nuclear winter Sharavin 01 [Alexander, “The Third Threat,” What The Papers Say (Russia), October 3, 2001, p. 4//ln]edlee Chinese propaganda has constantly been showing us skyscrapers ….., and even against the first frost of a possible nuclear winter. 6 Party Talks DA A. 6 Party Talks will start again in 2 weeks. China is key to success Korea Herald Oct. 27, 05 [ "Ahead of nuclear talks," pg. [ http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2005/10/27/200510270007.asp]edlee ]http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2005/10/27/200510270007.asp]edlee B. US pressure will turn N. Korea into a diplomatic weapon --- the 6-Party Talks will be at risk Lam 05 - Senior Fellow at The Jamestown Foundation [Willy Wo-Lap, " BEIJING'S ALARM OVER NEW "U.S. ENCIRCLEMENT CONSPIRACY" China Brief, Volume 5, Issue 8 (April 12, 2005) pg. [ http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&&issue_id=3298]edlee ]http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&;&issue;_id=3298]edlee C. 6 Party Talk will prevent N. Korean collapse. Christian Science Monitor 05 ["North Korea's capitalist manifesto," September 22, 2005, Pg. 08//ln]edlee D. N. Korean regime collapse risks nuclear lashouts against S. Korea, Japan, and US Hachigian and Bennett 04 - Director of the Center for Asia Pacific Policy @ the RAND Corporation and Senior policy analyst at RAND.[Nina and Bruce, "Don't try regime change in North Korea," International Herald Tribune, January 30, 2004, pg. ln]edlee HU Credibility DA A. Hu's political strength hinges on peaceful resolution of disputes with the US. Hostile policies from the US will trigger an intra-party power struggle for control of the CCP Hsu 03 - Research Fellow @ the Institute for International Relations, National Chengchi University [Philip Szue-Chin, "China's Domestic Politics and the US-Taiwan-China Relations: An Assessment in the Aftermath of the CCP's 16th National Congress," American Foreign Policy Interests, 25: 43-51, 2003, pg. 45-46]edlee B. Division within the leadership ranks will collapse the regime Folio 03 - Program Officer at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy [Joseph C., a candidate for a Masters degree in Security Studies from Georgetown's School of Foreign Service. "Are We Taking China's Future for Granted?," Schlesinger Working Group Report, (Fall 2003)]edlee C. The result is 1 Billion dead. CCP will use WMDs to hold on to power. San 05 [Renxing, "The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War: Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed," The Epoch Times, Aug 05, 2005, pg. [ http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html]edlee ]http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html]edlee Emory HH @ GSU Julie Hoehn & Aimie Hamrie Vs. Engage the other/shame 1.Framework - must defend policy action, policy debate good, switch side debate good 2. Aspec 3. Case args - rationality good 4. DA- China wil retaliate against pressure by sanctioning U.S., this leads to protectionism vs. Forced Labor T Economic pressure must be all trade not single commodities Aspec Nationalism- same cites as MP The impact was CCP leadership collapse EU arms sales DA- Taiwan Impact Drugs DA- Stopping Forced Labor leads to HIV spreas- nuclear terrorism Retaliation DA- same cites as CL Emory HL Round 5 Georgia State University Vs. aff: Slavery Wake IZ Judged by: Paul Belus Case Args: Alt Causality—China will not label globally Pressure on China destroys Chinese economy. Gewirth is bad, justifies violence. Aff uses human rights to justify war, Iraq proves Intervening actors prove utilitarianism good. Consequences good. Nationalism Humiliation K- same as round 4 Wake IZ vs. Emory MP EU do Plan Counterplan- Text: Through the established EU-China Dialogue Council, the EU should propose It should also offer China -Economic assistance for monitoring and enforcement, in addition to support for infrastructure and capacity building to deal with the implementation of the plan. -Financial assistance to civil society groups working in China in the area of ____ Solvency: EU joint dialogue empirically makes human rights progress. FIDH, http://www.fidh.org/IMG/cn2502a.pdf Feb 20 2004 EU holds great influence with China. Commission of the European communities, 10-9-2003 http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/china/com_03_533/com_533_en.pdf The EU and China must develop a strong working partnership for solving -global economic growth -AIDS -Human rights/Chinese Democracy AND – China will uniquely be influenced by the EU Commission of the European Communities, 10-9-2003 Same url. Topicality X Pressure doesn’t equal persuasion. Economic Pressure = Foreign Policy Government to Government On= directed towards Block Strategy Didn’t extend CP. Extended all others. 2n went for T, Framework and Case. 2NR Strategy Topicality- We wiped out their other arguments. Emory HL @ GSU Thi Lam & Sarah Hasazi Vs. WTO complain on IPR 1. OSPEC - specifying the trade representative is bad 2. Consult EU CP - text: USFG will enter into binding and genuine consultation with the European Union on whether or not to …. and will enact the out comee of consultation. 3. Nationalism Da a) CCP controlling nationalism but next upsurge will overwhelm them and force CCP to give in (Gries 05 - [Peter Hays, "Chinese Nationalism: Challenging the State, Current History, September]) b) Nationalism forces China to retaliate to IPR sanctions (Sutter, Robert "Chinese Policy priorities and its implications for the United States") c) this -> US-Sino regional wars including South Korea and Taiwan (Chang 01, Maria, "Return of the Dragon: China's wounded Nationalism," d) this results in nuclear holocaust (Johnson 01, "Time to Bring the Troops Home," The Nation 15.14.01) Emory HS (Christina Hagan & Vickie Stipick) @ Richmond RND 2 Aff- NYU JM Taiwan nationalism= violent against subaltern minorities Kuan-Hsing Chen 2000—“The Imperialist Eye: The Cultural Imagenary of a subempire and a nation state” Positions: East Asia cultures critique 8.1 (2000) 9-76. Creation of Internal Solidarity= violent, erases difference Fred Lin Ylang Chiu 2000 “Suborientalism and the suborientalist predicament: Aboriginal Discourse and the Poverty of State- Nation Imagery.” Positions Singular national identity= borders, violence Michael J. Shapiro 1997 Violent Cartographies p. 15-16 Postnationalism S for abuses of existing nationalist movement—Chen 2000 Must look beyond state but not necessarily get rid of it Derrida 2004 “The Spirit of the Revolution” For what Tomorrow [91-2] Neg vs Wake OR “IPR violations” Relations DA Joint Ventures CP Case Emory HS @ GSU Hagan, Stipick Judge: Green Opponent: ??? Case: IPR Joint Ventures CP WTO case turn T “on” all the areas. Retaliation DA vs. Positive Sanctions on Taiwan Humiliation K (same as before Quiet diplomacy CO (same as before) T economic pressure Emory MP Round 4 Georgia State University Vs. aff: Wake IZ Judged by: Jillian Marty Case Args: US pressure on China doesn’t change its human rights policy deconstructive claims to challenge international relations only throw out the good with the bad, replacing sound politics and democratic change with cool slogans and academic jargon. Darryl Jarvis, International Relations: Defending the Discipline p. 189-190 Globalization decreases poverty. Robert B. Zoellick, Heritage Lecture #710, July 3, 2001, http://www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/HL710.cfm Political Prisons still exist Doesn’t stop all of global trade. Utilitarianism good. Realism Good (Mearschiemer and Murray) Retaliation DA- Uniqueness- The Chinese are increasing their imports of US goods. Asian Political News, September 19, 2005, lexis Link-Pressure hurts the US economy, causes China to sell treasury bills and starts a trade war. Legrain, November 3, 2003, Phillipe, The New Republic, lexis This causes global nuclear war, protectionism bad, Spicer 1996 Dirty Hands Kritik-- When human rights are enforced and submitted to the public gaze, something more than ethics is at play. Humiliation constructs China as the root o fall guild and degradation, a country of dirty hands that need to be cleaned. This imposition of humiliation sustains the cycles of violence being confronted. Instead we should deal with these narratives of tragedy by internalizing responsibility. Sara Cobb, 2004, “Humiliation” as Positions in Narratives: Implications for Policy Development Case is turned—Humiliation dynamics of international politics are the core cause of all conflicts. Donald C. Klein, Winter, 1991Spring, 1992, The Humiliation Dynamic, The Journal of Primary Prevention. Vol 12 Number 3 Topicality- Pressure is on china. Diplomacy is government to government. Plan is through private action. Bidirectional and effects. Block Strategy Kicked K, 2n took T, Solvency and Retaliation disad. 1NR was entirely consequentialism bad. 2NR Strategy Kicked T, went for case and retaliation disad. Emory MP Round 3 GSU Vs. Wake OR Judged by: Stefan Bauschard Plan Text: The United States Federal Government should ban the involvement of United States Corporations in the People’s Republic of China state sponsored internet censorship and surveillance. The United States Federal Government should diplomatically pressure the People’s Republic of China to end internet censorship and surveillance. 1AC -Freedom of internet crushed democracy in China -Democratic reform can’t come -Use of internet increases political pluralism -Even modest movements can cause democratic reform Adv. 1: Sino-Japanese War -Democracy is the only solution for war between China and Japan -War includes Russia and goes Nuclear Adv. 2: Democracy Modeled -Democracy = 4th wave of liberal democracy -China = test case; modeled -Change in global cooperation on democratic ideals -Democracy solves everything (prolif, war, enviro, etc…. this is literally their tag, sorry) -China = global time bomb Adv. 3: Nationalism -Opening internet gives rise to freedom -Result of no freedom = Tiananmen crackdown -Division within ranks collapses the regime Adv. 4: Bird Flu -Authorities censor news of the bird flu -Bird flu kills 360 million, crushes the economy, trade decreases, etc. Solvency -USFG should ban US involvement in censorship -Becomes impossible for China to censor -China dependent on US internet corporations - Act now is key, failure to pressure now collapses relations -Protectionist policies with China coming Answers to Nationalism DA -N/U: CCP doesn’t control nationalists in SQ -N/U and T/: Censorship = huge wall between government and nationalists -Censorship spreads anti-Japanese media; increases nationalism -No link: Nationalists won’t backlash -Case solves CCP collapse -Censorship breeds ultranationalism -Causes General US sanctions to become worse -Bird flu now, we solve Answers to Australia DA -N/U: we pressure China in the status quo on other things -State Department already tries to promote democracy -Democracy advantage solves Asian prolif -Plan helps the Chinese econ which helps Australia -Link turn: Australia likes the plan (no ev) Answers to Consult Japan -Perm: enter into binding consultation with Japan and do the plan. -Consult Bad -Perm: Do plan then consult and roll back the plan -Slow consultation undermines relations -Alliance is fine, can’t be broken -Japan will say no; won’t want to start anything with China -No net benefit Emory MP @ GSU Nicholas Miller & Pradeep Pramanick Affirmative: Human Trafficking (critical) Negative: Emory MP Arguments: Topicality has to be economic and diplomatic pressure not just economic Critic Normalizations leads to cycles of violence- William Callahan 2004 “nationalism i/n scarifies.” Counter Plan- confidential diplomatic channels the ne benfit is the kritik beause they don’t probably shame Human rights disadvantage: hosytile u.s policies toward hu trying to dcontol the CCP which leads to those divisions with iCCP. Then war and 1 billion people will die. Vs. slavery 1. T - pressure on = economic action government to government 2. Retaliation DA a) China increasing imports now, Asian Political News, 9-19-05 b) Pressure => Chinese sale of treasury bonds, crushes the US econ Legrain, 11-3-2003 c) Nuk war protectionism bad Spicer 96 3. Dirty Hands K a) when human rights are enforce in a public gaze we impart humiliation on the oppressors which is bad because we need to deal with these problems internally Cobb 2004 "Humiliations" b) Case is turned because humiliation is the cause of all conflict Klein 91 The Humiliation Dynamic vs. gender T pressure is not a threat must do damage Counterplan- engagement through diplomatic back channels Trade relations d/a poverty impacts Same cites a CL Popular Nationalism D/A Gries 05 “Chinese nationalism: challenging the state” Ming 98 “Chinese opinion on human rights” Orbis Chang 01- Return of the Dragon: China’s Wounded Nationalism Sutter 05 China’s Rise in Asia- Promises and Perils Emory MR @ GSU Merritt & Ramayya Topicality: by pressuring china w/sanx will ruin relations and turn china off. Bunker busters: bushing is meeting on nov. 12 to argue issues for pushing for sanx. Human rights… Dirty hands: the U.S. will have “dirty hands” which be by the world. Dynamics? CP wide diplomacy instead of specific sanctioned. vs. Sudan Most of this is illegible K of Sudan Bunker Busters politics scenario T Threats aren’t economic pressure Quiet Diplomacy CP- Use pirate channels Eccon DA- selling of T bills (same cites as retaliation) Mead impact UMW CV affirmative Round 1 vs. Emory at GSU Neg args: 1.) Econ Spec (must specificy economic pressure mechanism) 2.) Quiet Diplomacy counterplan (solvency referred to yuan reevaluation) 3.) Relations DA with a nationalism impact (net benefit to CP) 4.) Dirty Hands K – national humiliation is the root of all conflict (net benefit to CP) Notes: Went for econ-spec in 2NR Emory MS Round 4 Richmond Vs. aff: Wake OR (IPR) Judged by: Mike Dutcher Case Args: WTO Credibility China can’t implement WTO decisions – legislative infrastructure is meaningless (Duncan, 2002, 18 Am. U. Intl. L. Rev. 399, Lexis) The DSB has high credibility now, but Chinese noncompliance will undermine this (Duncan 2002, same as above) A2: Pharmaceutical Adv. The structure of medical patents makes the recipe available – imitation is inevitable (Nair and Patwardhan, 05 staff writers of Pharma Pulse “The Truth lies somewhere in between” 9/22) A2: Competitiveness Adv. Alternate Causality to Competitiveness – Education, Energy, Research, and Health Insurance (Talton, 2005 The Arizona Republic 6/26, lexis) Their impacts are exaggerated – piracy doesn’t decrease revenue because they wouldn’t have bought it anyway (Yu 2000, 50 Am. U.L. Rev. 131, October) Many Alternate Causalities Fule the Trade Deficit – They don’t solve (Yu, same as above) Turn – Chinese Competitiveness The Failure to adopt IPR Protections Hamstrings China’s High Tech Exports (Stokes, 2005 The National Journal 7/30 lexis) This Kills US competitiveness, turning the case (Stokes 2005, same as above) Solvency There’s no US unilateral Pressure – they are going through the JCCT and using the WTO to increase transparency, but they won’t bring a formal suit or sanction – using dispute settlement will only be a last resort if all other processes fail (Mendenhall 2005, “Securing American Sovereignty: A Review of the United States Relationship with the WTO,” Federal News Service 7/15 lexis) A) The US is still in the evidence-gathering stage – forcing a WTO suit now means they will lose (Mendenhall 2005, same as above) B) A premature case will derail china’s own efforts a WTO compliance and hurt the credibility of the dispute settlement proves, it turns the case (Yu 05 9/1, lexis) 3) Alternate Causality A) Pakistan and Russia (Balfour 2005, Business Week 2/7, lexis) B) Currency (Lubrano 05, Federal Document Clearing House Congressional Testimony, 6/23, lexis) C) Dollar Overvaluation (Lubrano, same as above) 4) IPR Pressure on TRIPS Fails – China doesn’t compl with TRIPS (Yu 2000, same as above) 5) Cycle of Futility – China will initially comply, but then stop enforcement once US pressure easers – the net result is to reduce overall IPR protection and crush relations (Yu 2003, 25 Cardozo L. Rev. 331, November) 6) Turn: gradualism a) US IPR enforcement is proceeding through the JCCT and emphasizing cooperation – Chinese enforcement is improving as a result of existing cooperation (Dudas, Federal News Service 6/9 lexis) b) This will generate a Chinese constituency for IPR protection, solving the case The transition to intellectual property protection is inevitable and solves the case (Newberry 2k3, 35 Conn. L. Rev. 1425, Spring) c) WTO suits force fast transition, causing social upheaval and economic instability, turning the case (Blank 2003 Am. U. Intl. L. Rev. 753, lexis) Retaliation Disad: Forcing IPR Compliance will increase nationalism over Taiwan, cause a trade war, increase inflation and reenact the Great Depression and Cause World War 3 (Leahy 2003 – http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA422083) Joint Statement Disad: Joint Statement will denuclearize N. Korea. Unfortunately, the agreement remains highly fragile. (The Guardian, Sept. 23, 05) US pressure will turn N. Korea into a diplomatic weapon – the 6 party talks will be at risk (Lam, 05 – http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&&issue_id=3298) A WTO case will risk US-Chinese relations in other areas – the reason the US hasn’t brought a case yet is because it needs Chinese cooperation on Korea (Barfield, 05 – Claude, Federal News Service, July 15th, Lexis “Securing American Sovereignty: A Review of the United States’ Relationship with the WTO”) Implementation of the Joint Statement will prevent N. Korean collapse (Christian Science Monitor, Sept. 22 05 “North Korea’s Capitalist Manifesto,” p. 8; Jedlee?) North Korean regime collapse risks nuclear lashouts against South Korea, Japan, and the US (Hachigian and Bennett in 04 International Herald Tribune January 30, 2004 in Jedlee?) Joint Ventures CP Text: The United States federal government should remove existing prohibitions against providing Overseas Private Investment Corporation support to United States companies investing in China, use the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to encourage a substantial increase in joint ventures between the United States companies and Chinese companies, and will eliminate United States economic pressure on China over intellectual property. Using OPIC can encourage greater US investment in China because it underwrites losses (Lardy, 97, http://www.brookings.edu/views/papers/lardy/19970522.htm) Joint Ventures solve Chinese IPR enforcement by generating a domestic lobby for protection and also prevent unemployment from piracy plant closings (Yu, 2000 – 50 Am. U.L. Rev. 131, Lexis) Block Strategy A ton of case and counterplan stuff 2NR Strategy Emory MS (Chapman Matis & Sally Strothers) @ Richmond Kritik- 1. The Aff’s movement is a phobic reaction (Weeks and Maurel 99, Voyages Across the Web of Time) 2. Intervention- infinite power= futility. Chernus, 8-6-03 (commondreams.org/views03/0806-05.htm) 3. We must refuse the impulse to act. Schiemann 03 (williamscheinman.com/the_death_of_horror.htm) Emory MS Round 4 Georgia State Vs. team name: Boston College BC Judged by: Joe Packer Plan Text: Same 1AC w/ cites Same Answers to China relations with NK Impact Hu leadership advantage turns Nonunique: Massive china bashing now Hu’s relations with bush down No spill over between relations taking a firm stand with china improves relations Chinese democracy causes them to solve NK Democracy solves relations Answers to Consult Japan Consult bad Multiple worlds (not sure what they will say) Vague so can’t gain offense Future fiat Justify intrinsicness Conditional fiat which is bad It’s a PIC Voter Plan solves the impact Democracy solves war, Friedman Perm do the cp: if Japan says yes then the perm proves the counterplan is not competitive. Perm do both Turn: . strengthen alliance leads to Chinese modernization This modernization leads to war Japan will not proliferate against their culture 98 Constitution prevent prolif 96 Answers to Aspec CX checks plan text is not key cx checks ran consult proves no abuse no in round abuse normal means checks no brightline clash checks grnd lose is not important no pot abuse reasonability is good 1ar Strategy notes Went for case turns disad 2ar Strategy notes Went for case outweighs, tried to extend some theory on the CP they didn’t go for. Emory MS Round 1 Georgia State Vs. aff: Wake IN Judged by: Case Args: No Military modernization Disad: Hu Credibility Hu’s strenge hinges on resolutions with the US- hostile policies --> rift in PRC Hsu 2003”China’s domestic poliiticas and the US-Taiwan-China Relations: An assessment in the Afterman of the CCP’s 16th National Congress” American Foreign Policy Interests “First, the top leadership’s” … “serious backlash against bilateral relations” Divisions collapse Regime Folio 2003 (“Are we taking China’s future for Granted?” Schlesinger Working Group Report Fall 2003) “In his scope paper” AND “cause regime collapse” WMDs and 1billion dead San 2005 “The CCP’s last-dicth Gamble: biological and nuclear war: hundreds of millions of deaths proposed the epoch Times august 5 2k5 http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html North Korea Disad Joint statement --> denuke NK The Guardian 9-23-05 “North Korea’s unexpected pledge” AND “hailing the deal as a “turning point,” may visit Pyonyang” US pressure kills talks Lang 2005 www.jametown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&&issue_id=3298 Solves NK Collapse CSM 9-22-05 “A predictable master of surprise” AND “the capitalist apple may be too tempting for Dear Leader” --> NW Hachigian and bennet 04 IHT 1-30 “Here are more likely scenarios following an attempt” AND “explain the reluctance of South Korea, China and Japan to support a policy of toppling Kim jong-il” Human rights K Human rights enforced in public gaze Cobb 04 “Humiliation” as positions in Narratives: Implications for Policy Development Turns Case Klein 92 The Journal of Primary prevention v12n3 Bunker Busters Politics Bush pushing BB Moning Star 9-12 The vote is coming any day Wilk 9-12 “many Americans do not realize that we continue” AND “there will be another vote in the Senate on the nuclear bunker buster” Hobson Key Kilian 04 www.bradenton.com/mld/bradenton/news/politics/9651365.htm Round 4 Northwestern CT Topicality govt to govt Topicality must be two planks EU counterplan Sino-Russia relations US-China relations Solvency Emory MS @ GSU Chapman Matis & Sally Strothers Case: Enforcing EU arms embargo. Topicality: must be direct pressure on China. Politics, Bunker busters Bush pushing, congress won’t fund (Morning Star, 9/12/05) Vote coming (Wilk 05) Hobson is the key voter Hobson likes arms control Bunker busters lower nuclear threshold (Circincione 03, The National Journal, “Pros and cons of new nuclear weapons.”) Kritik Human rights enforcement causes public humiliation (Cobb 04) Turns case, humiliation at core of intl politics (Klien 92) Nationalism No leadership crisis now, US pressure triggers internal division International division --> regime collapse. CCP will use WMDs = 1 billion dead. North Korea DA Joint statements solve North Korea in SQ (Guardian 9/23) US pressure turns North Korea into weapons (Lam 05). Implement joint statement solve collapse (CSM, 9/22, “NK’s capitalist manifesto”)/ Regime collapse --> nuclear lashout (Bennett 04). V. Wake Forest China Threat K No choice but an escalatory violent arms race with China as long as “china threat” thought remains institituionalized. Vote NEG to reject the aff’s “China Threat” rhetoric. This doesn’t mean we can’t talk about China, it just opens the door to a more objective and less dangerous debate over Chinese policy. Pan 04 (Alternatives 29 305-331) I have argued above …. Debating China might become possible The Aff is a myth – the way we view China is based on the way we view ourselves. The affrimative’s conception of the necessity of the US to stop various wars abroad creates a particular self-imagination in which the goal of all nations in politics is to be more like America. The ways we see China, and the ways the Aff’s authors write about it, are guided by this self imagination. Thus, the affirmative’s impacts are more a result of the way we view ourselves than of any actual realities. Pan 04 (Alternatives 29 305-331) American self-imagination and the Construction of Otherness …need not equate to threat Their representations are a form of action which justifies the destruction on a scale without precedent Edelman 88 CONSTRUCTING THE POLITICAL SPECTACLE p88-89 An alternative view … contemporary state as well India Nuc Coop Bad / Winners Win US India deal faces opposition Daily Times Pakistan 9-20-05 www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_20-9-2005_pg7_37 India is hiring a top public relation” “Pakistan demands the same treatment” Winners win – plan catapults the Bush Agenda Legal Times 9-12-05 Many republicans say AND answer is to win a high profile fight Political capital K to India deal Hindu 7-21-05 The official pointed out AND nuclear supplies to India Nuc Coop = major South Asian Nuke War Military.com 7-27-05 “this is a new formulation of Europe’s balance of power” “India and china with adverse effects throughout the world” North Korea DA (Joint Statement) Joint State will denuclearize NK. The agreement remains highly fragile Guardian 9-23-05 North korea’s unexpected pledge AND turning point may visit Pyongyang US pressure will turn NK into a diplomatic weapon – 6 party talks at risk Lam 05 online www.jamestown.org/punblications_details.php?volume_id=408&&issue_id=3298 “in any event rice’s usually candid” “diplomatic weapon against the U.S.” Implementation of the Joint Statement will prevent NK collapse CSM 9-22-05 ln Predictable matter of surprise AND too tempting for dear leader NK regime collapse = nuc lashouts vs SK Japan and US Hachigian 04 Int;l Herlad Trib 1-30-04 Here are more likely scenarios following AND policy of toppling kim jong-il Pressure means conditions Pressure is distinct from persuasion and support – the difference is it requires conditions for compliance Nelson 93 GLOBAL GOALS CONTENTOUS MEANS: ISSUES OF MULTIPLE AID CONDITIONALITY p1-2 Governments and the intl comm. … related non-project aid Plan offers inducements without conditions – pressure must include element of coercion VI: limits (bi-directional if carrot OR stick) ground (carrots moots pressure DA in the short term – our ev gives us sovereign and relations in each debate) Potential abuse (opens floodgate, RS overstretch) Extention Def’s Must do both econ and dip mechanisms Dailey ND www.sant.ox.ac.uk.areastudies/lecturesarchive/Turkmenistan/Dailey.htm “entering the eras of experimental forms” “freedom of expression and information” Econ pressure is deprivation of a target pop of econ welfare B’s Mastanduno 01 Economic Engagement Strat’s June paper for Independ and Conflict In an intriguing way … economic sanctions would have that effect Threaten a trade disruption isn’t economic pressure – must be applied Lian 05 www.chinasupport.net/site/php?/page=news233 “cancel china’s PNTR designation” “congress return to MFN reviews” Increase = Net Increase Def: Words & Phrases 2000 v20a Plan doesn’t mandate increase – creates an option Limits: anything could increase pressure Ground – can NL or turn DA’s Free Trade Turns Interdependence increases the sources of potential world conflict Freidman 96 FUTURE OF WAR p7-9 The argument that interdependence … statistical matter highly likely Statistical analyses show free trade increases the risk of war Barbieri 96 JOURNAL OF PEACE RESEARCH Feb p42-43 This study provides little empirical support … more rigorous investigation FT leads to water marketing and destabilizing water conflicts Barlow 01 online www.weenessgoods.com/bluegold.asp “proponents say that such a system” “worst impacts of the world water crisis” 60k nukes Weiner 90 NEXT HUNDRED YEARS P270 IF WE DO NOT DESTROY … stockpiled since trinity FT allows restricted access to HIV medication causing massive spread Weissman 02 online www.fpif.org/briefs/vol7/v7n07aids_body.html “for millions of HIV infected people” “FTAA or other international trade agreements” AIDs kills 100 million if not stopped; life may end Mathiu AFRICA NEWS 7-15-00 ln Every age has its killer AND survival of the human race was so hopelessly in jeopardy Trade lib = cycles of food shortages Seedling 96 Oct online www.grain.org/publications/oct961-en.cfm “in the south the different elements” “globalization of the colonial period” food price blips kill billions Tampe Tribune 1-20-96 ln On a global scale food prices AND half of their income on food Food shortages = WW3 Calvin 98 Atl Monthly v281 47-64 ln? Population crash scenario AND extra warming from the north atlantic FT destroys cultural Biodiversity Barlow 01 Earth Island J www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/cultural/2001/1001mono.thtm “global cultural homogenization is sweeping the world” “commodify it is to destroy it” cultural survival K to human survival Lam 00 AT THE EDGE OF THE STATE p205-6 Nevertheless as anthropologists … can lead to violence FT = env catastrophic RS extraction for export Lang 93 THE NEW PROTECTIONISM p62-63 The gearing of entire economies … try to overcome the ban Biodiv decline = roulette wheel of extinction for all Warner 94 POLITICS AND LIFE SCIENCES p177 Massive extinction of species … collective future as the stakes FT causes monoculture Frawley NO DATE www.hssworld.org/homepage/html/boudhik/articles/vamadev1.html “monoculture does quite well with free trade” “no one could free themselves” Extinction without genetic diversity Fowler 90 SHATTERING: FOOD, POLITICS AND THE LOSS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY p ix While many may ponder the consequences … latin America and asia vs. IPR WTO credibility T Trade= exchange and purchase of goods- IPR not topical because it’s the collection of royalties Recourse specification- you don’t say what we will do to China if they don’t comply- that’s not normal means for the DSB CP- remove existing prohibitions on overseas investment corps- joint ventures solve IPR Retaliation disad (nationalism) Case arguments China wont comply Alternate causality (other countries violate IPR) Plan leads to fast transition which turns case UMW ____LM_____ (your initials) side ___AFF____ vs. __Emory____ (school) _MS___ (initials) Round: ___8____ Tournament: _____GSU___________ Judge: ___Weinstein___________ Decision: __Aff____________ Your affirmative case: CVD Your advantages: Trade 1. WTO collapse 2. Free Trade 1NC off case position #1: North Korea 1NC Structure and cites: Korea is willing to give up nukes because of China’s influence. If the US pressures China then China will retaliate by playing the “North Korea card” at the 6 party talks and change North Korea’s mind. Keeping nukes will collapse North Korea economically and result in war. Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: 2NR explanations: 1NC off case position #2: Bush 1NC Structure and cites: Bush wants bunker busters and the vote is coming up. Hobson, from Ohio is key to getting money for bunker buster development. Hobson hates China b/c they are hurting Ohio’s economy. If the Aff plan is perceived as “anti-China” he will push throw financing for buster bunkers. Buster bunkers lead to war. Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: 2NR explanations: 1NC off case position #3: Topicality 1NC Structure and cites: Pressure must be applied not a threat. Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: 2NR explanations: 1NC on case arguments: vs. Trade 1) Water Wars 2) MNC 3) South/North border war 4) Food Shortage 5) Environment 6) Bio Diversity 7) Monocultures vs. Iran Advantage 1) 2) 3) vs. Solvency 1) 2) 3) Negative Block Division of Labor: 2NC: Relations and T –ON 1NR: ASPEC and Case 2NR went for: T-On We need: 1AR blocks Emory SuSt @ GSU Judge: Smith Willams Case: Sudan 1. T- must be economic and diplomatic 2. T- must address issues within China 3. D/A China will sell off it's T-bill If we pressure them that will lead to trade war w/ Spicer Impact 4. Cp- consult EU- net benefit = EU ARMS 5. Relations disad- economic decline leads to nuclear war 6. Bunker Buster politics disad- Hobson is key to pass Bunker buster , Plan is a concession to his committee who will pass Bunker buster funding 7. Case- just a few China won't respond to pressure Emory StaSuh @ GSU Nick Stabile & Cecelia Suh vs. North Korean Refugees T Human Rights = not Civil not political rights T economic pressure is sanctions Hughen 99 Christopher, japan’s Economic Power and Security p. 34-35 “The second… and 1994” T D-Pressure means public pressure Umesh Palwanka 94 “measures to exert diplomatic pressure… refusal could be possibly regretted by states” CP- DPRK remove restrictions on Freedom of Speech and persecution of political prisoners and abolish system of centralization camps. Net Benefit = south Korean redirect investment Joint Statement DA- same as emory CL Bunker Buster DA- Hobson Case arguments Consequentialism good. Park 05-m Feb 23 The globe and Mead Kilinger 04 9/22/ Asia Times Emory SS Neg Round 7 Shirley Vs Team: UT-Dallas AL Judge: Waldinger Case Args: 1. impact = hype Irish Health 2005 “while governments” “been predicted” 2. Meds solve Cunningham 05 “as a medical” “another 1918” 3. takes generations to mutate Fed News 05 “foreign affairs editor” “cook it well” 4. ppl die fast – solves spread Chicago tribune 05 “but even if the” “flu pandemics” 5. vaccines solve Newsweek 05 “most searchers” “of the decade” 6. doesn’t solve Indonesia Agence France Presse “the need of a” “the views” 7. Corruption doesn’t solve LA Times 05 “basically for D.C.” “a promotion” 8. WHO gives …. Knight Ridder 05 “global health” “he said” 9. doesn’t solve migratory birds 10. Geelong, ‘05 “a bird” “Qinghai Lake” Off Case Args: T – Trade = all trade ASPEC T – “And” – Diplomatic & Economic pressure = distinct North Korea DA Tax Reform DA Chinese reforms DA Incentives CP Block Strategy: All minus ASPEC and T – And 2nr Strategy: Kicked CP, all DA’s and case Emory SS Round #5 Shirley Vs Team: Mary Washington SW Judge: Scott Deathridge Case Args: Tek fails, china can’t us it China secrecy means we don’t know their modernization efforts China growth leads to modernization Deter invasion No war in straits China will restrain itself Pressure kills China growth kills US economy China key to world economy Relations deters conflict China growth gains benefits of plan Off Case Args: Economic and diplomatic are distinct In means throughout, whole area of trade Consult eu Failure to consult leads to lifting of arms embargo, leads to war T – bills / trade war Pan k – representations create self fulfilling prophesy China politics – plan kills hu reforms, key to prevent income gap, key to prevent nuclear war North korea – talks now, plan kills talks, leads to war (north korea collapse), 6 party talks good Block Strategy: Case China politics 2nr Strategy: Case China politics T – bills and protectionism North korea Emory SS Neg Round 4 Shirley Vs Team: Kansas JW Judge: Starks Case Args: Off Case Args: Naming CP – ROC instead of Taiwan ROC key to peaceful dialogue (China Post, 04) “Taiwan” => seek international recognition (Ming Chi 03) Secession spills over (Allen 03) Gottlieb impact Tax Reforms - Bush use PC but won’t pass (News & Observer 11/8) - Winners Win (The Australian 10/22) - PC => Reform destroy housing (Goldman Sachs 10/19) - Destroys economy (Financial Times 10/19) - Beardon Threat K Block Strategy: Politics, CP, Threat K 2nr Strategy: Name CP Emory SS Pre Shirley We usually read a T violation of some sort, depending on the aff. China threat K: this is the Pan K everyone runs Wen DA: Wen is in an unstable position. He could easily lose his power to Zeng Taipei Times, 05 (Oct 15, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2005/10/15/2003275877) A lack of infrastructure construction in coastal areas and the risk of a shortage ….. and he was harshly criticized by Zeng during the plenum, Liu said. US economic pressure is a loss for Wen Halloran, 05 (Richard, Straights Times, Dec 3, http://www.taiwansecurity.org/ST/2003/ST-051203.htm) Wen Jiabao of China is scheduled to arrive in Washington on Sunday armed ……That most likely means talking but doing nothing. Wen is key to Chinese agricultural reform decrease rural taxes Roberts, 02 (Dexter, Dec 2, Business Week, Iss. 3810,~ p.~22~) While in the west, Wen developed credentials ….. "He will continue promoting agricultural restructuring." Reforms good DA: A) Chinese economic reform now BBC Monitoring International Reports August 25, 2005 [Xinhua news agency domestic service, Beijing, in Chinese 1101 gmt 24 Aug 05] Participants in the meeting heard a report by the State Development and Reform Commission on implementing B) International pressure on China undermines the political will to reform in favor of DSB compliance--Domestic pressures will overcome foreign pressures Duncan, Associate, Wilbon & Associates, J.D., L.L.M., 2002 [Christopher, 18 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 399] A lack of political will within China is another reason that a compliance program may not pass its initial stages. C) Chinese noncompliance with the WTO dispute resolution mechanism will single-handedly topple the system Duncan, Associate, Wilbon & Associates, J.D., L.L.M., 2002 [Christopher, 18 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 399] The powerful compliance obligations of the WTO DSU have found legitimacy in the theory that Member states D) WTO trade mechanisms lock in cooperation that prevents nuclear war. Copley News Service, 12/1/99 For decades, many children in America and other countries went to bed fearing annihilation by nuclear war. The These reforms are needed to alleviate rural poverty China Daily 05 (August 17, http://en.ce.cn/National/Rural/200508/17/t20050817_4445131.shtml) Zheng Chanzi, a farmer who lives in North China's Hebei …. counties across the country by 10% this year. D. The terminal impact is a Sino-Russian war that results in Nuclear winter Sharavin 01 [Alexander, “The Third Threat,” What The Papers Say (Russia), October 3, 2001, p. 4//ln]edlee Chinese propaganda has constantly been showing us skyscrapers ….., and even against the first frost of a possible nuclear winter. 6 Party Talks DA A. 6 Party Talks will start again in 2 weeks. China is key to success Korea Herald Oct. 27, 05 [ "Ahead of nuclear talks," pg. [ http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2005/10/27/200510270007.asp]edlee ]http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2005/10/27/200510270007.asp]edlee B. US pressure will turn N. Korea into a diplomatic weapon --- the 6-Party Talks will be at risk Lam 05 - Senior Fellow at The Jamestown Foundation [Willy Wo-Lap, " BEIJING'S ALARM OVER NEW "U.S. ENCIRCLEMENT CONSPIRACY" China Brief, Volume 5, Issue 8 (April 12, 2005) pg. [ http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&&issue_id=3298]edlee ]http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=408&;&issue;_id=3298]edlee C. 6 Party Talk will prevent N. Korean collapse. Christian Science Monitor 05 ["North Korea's capitalist manifesto," September 22, 2005, Pg. 08//ln]edlee D. N. Korean regime collapse risks nuclear lashouts against S. Korea, Japan, and US Hachigian and Bennett 04 - Director of the Center for Asia Pacific Policy @ the RAND Corporation and Senior policy analyst at RAND.[Nina and Bruce, "Don't try regime change in North Korea," International Herald Tribune, January 30, 2004, pg. ln]edlee HU Credibility DA A. Hu's political strength hinges on peaceful resolution of disputes with the US. Hostile policies from the US will trigger an intra-party power struggle for control of the CCP Hsu 03 - Research Fellow @ the Institute for International Relations, National Chengchi University [Philip Szue-Chin, "China's Domestic Politics and the US-Taiwan-China Relations: An Assessment in the Aftermath of the CCP's 16th National Congress," American Foreign Policy Interests, 25: 43-51, 2003, pg. 45-46]edlee B. Division within the leadership ranks will collapse the regime Folio 03 - Program Officer at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy [Joseph C., a candidate for a Masters degree in Security Studies from Georgetown's School of Foreign Service. "Are We Taking China's Future for Granted?," Schlesinger Working Group Report, (Fall 2003)]edlee C. The result is 1 Billion dead. CCP will use WMDs to hold on to power. San 05 [Renxing, "The CCP's Last-ditch Gamble: Biological and Nuclear War: Hundreds of millions of deaths proposed," The Epoch Times, Aug 05, 2005, pg. [ http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html]edlee ]http://english.epochtimes.com/news/5-8-5/30931.html]edlee Emory SunSch @ GSU Chipp Schwabb & Chris Sun Opposing Case; Internet T must be economic and diplomatic pressure. Dr. Neuilly 2001, “foreign policy is still considered as an” T must direct pressure on china, cannot put pressure through external institutions or on US companies. Politics, (see Emory MS) Trade, pressure --> Chinese economic retaliation, --> spicer impact. Pressure causes china to retaliate w/sanx and decrease purchase of t-bills, spicer impact. NK DA (see Emory MS). Executive order vs. IPR T can’t pressure third parties (WTO) Politics0 Bunker busters Bush pushing BB (Morning Star 9/12) Vote any day now (WLK 9/12) Hobson wants pressure on china (Frontrunner 03) Hobson key to funding (WLK 9/12) Bunker busters lead to prolif and war (Cirincione 03) Retaliation DA (same as emory CL) Relations DA Relations good now- pressure kills dialogue (stokes 05) Pressure kills relations and cooperation this leads to US sino war (Zweig and jianhai 9/6) Imoact is war Johnson 01 North Korea joint statements- same as CL CP- The USFG should fun legal educations, training and assistance programs for the devlopment of the Chinese judiciary and the education of the Chinese public about the enforcement of intellectucal property law, and will eliminate US economic pressure on China over intellectual property S! cukture of IPR enforce (Fan 99) Judicial Edu prerequiste to solving the plan (yu 00) Emory TG @ GSU Tye Taveras & Josh Gwynn Emory GT Judge: James Thomas Case: Ethics of care 1. T – must have a plan 2. fiat good 3. realism good/ inevitable west more than east. Emporia EMPORIA CR vs. Missouri State (MTCR) @ UNI Marxism K Joel Kovel 2002 The Enemy of Nature p. 5-7 Joshua urlantzick Sept. 16, 2004 “Move over confucious” The New Republic online – lexis Marta Harnecker 2000 (www.dsp.org.au/links/back/issue16/harnecker.html Istvan Meszaros 2001 Socialism or barbarism: from the American century to the crossroads Emporia State DN @ Missouri State Round 2 vs. Kansas KP Framework K methods of debating China-claims to know a state form of China Pan ,2004 “While US….positivist assumption.” Sanctions Spec- Malloy 2003 “In general…at allies.” Case Preventing nuclear prolif= bio weapons Zilinskas, 1999 “There are many…mass destruction.” Destructionby biowarfare is more likely Guardian, 2005 “Today’s society.... fanatical extremist.” = extinction Steinbrunner, 1998 “That deceptively…outer limit.” Even Singh says no Indo-Pak conflict Wolf Blitzer, 2005 “Blitzer…exaggerated.” Claims of sanctions solving are false Ellicott, 2002 “However, because…of sanctions.” Sanctions hurt the people, not country LaRae Perez, 2002 “Sanctions have been…largely ineffective.” Sanctions cause disease Smith, 2000 “Presumably…sanctioned country.” Sanctions are WMDs Fisherman, 1999 “The situation..should permit.” EMPORIA JM NEG @ Wichita 6 Off P-Spec You must specify what kind of Proliferation case solves for. Violation- Plan only specifies Proliferation without specific areas T- Economic Pressure Contitioning is not Economic Pressure Upton 1995 (Andrew 22 B.C, Envtl. Aff Rev 671, L/N) States could effect… …In the United States Plan relies on contioning and is not economic pressure Protectionism Congress won’t use protectionism against china in the Squo Journal of Commerce 2005, Alan Field 8-1, p. 35 L/N) By agreeing… Imports by Congress… Economic Pressure on China fuels trade discriminations and increases moves toward China bashing protectionism causing trade wars Liu 2005 (Henry, CK, Chairman, New York Investment firm and economics writer, Asia Times, Trade wars can lead to Shooting Wars, http://www.atimes.com/atimes/global_economy/GH20Dj01.html, Aug. 20 2005 US geopolitical hostility… …war with china Goes Nuclear Johnson 2001, Chalmers, The Nation, Time to Bring the Troops Home, P.20 China is another matter… …nuclear holocaust Empire: The plan is a tactic for preventative war in the guise of US/China policy which is the manifestation of imperial rule. Negri 2002 (Indy researcher, former prisoner at Rebibba Prison, Rome, Former lecturer of polisci @ paris Univ, Antonio, Translated by Arianna Bove and Thomas Seay, The Order of War, Global Magazine, November 2002 The imperial war… …Productive generations The empire uses the threat of nuclear catastrophe as the ultimate control of life and death- Causes extinction through biopoltical control Hardt and Negri 2000, Micheal and Antonio, 2000, Empire, Alternative: The standard multitude bullshit probably from Hardt and Negri 2000 Politics- Deal has no change now- Pro India senators will reject plan, they are mad about lack of support in UN. Dutt 2005, Ela, IANS Correspondant, Sept. 22, www.hindustantimes/news/181_1497390,00050001.htm Fluential US Congressman… ...Aimed at Weapons production Plan is popular- Pressure on China is populist rhetoric to bash China Marketing Week, 9/1/05 Such is the far reaching terror… …their own right Political Capital is Key to India deal The Hindu 2005, 7/21 The officals pointed out… …nuclear supplies to inda No india deal causes major south asian nuke war Millitary.com 7/22/05 This is a new formation… …throughout the world Relations Hu and Bush cooperating now BBC 9/19/2005, China Foreign Minister on Fruitful Results of President’s North America Visit, L/N President Hu Jintau… …Sino-US Relations Pressure on China destroys US-Sino Relations Quingguo 2002, Jia, Impact of 9.11 on Sino-US relations- A preliminary assessment, July,www.brookings.edu/dybdocroot/fp/cnaps/papers/2002_qingguio.pdf Largely for these reasons… …generally prevailed Decrease in relations causes extinction Ratliff 1995 Washington Times, July 31, L/N To be sure… …survival of the world. Emporia State MR Neg. Round #7 Shirley 7 Vs. Samford MR Judged by: Stannard T ‘Threaten isn’t Pressure’ Consult CP Discourse K Aff. diempowers women by reinforcing gender identity Doezema, http://walnet.org/csis/papers/doezemaouch.htm “In the . . resist.” Ethnocentrism K Aff. method bad Pan ’04 (Alts.: Global, Local, Political June 1) “While . . assumptions Linearity bad Pan ’04 (Alts.: Global, Local, Political June 1) “The . . particular.” Action is aggression Pan ’04 (Alts.: Global, Local, Political June 1) “Neither . . possible.” Extinction impact Ratliff ’95 (Wash. Times July 31) “To . . world.” Case Solvency Olympics ensure Chinese env. ldr.ship, boycott causes x-tinction Busin. Daily ’05 8/29 “China . . . know it.” China’ll say no Economist ’05 (Aug. 6) “The most . . the Chinese.” China’ll say no Economist.com 9/6/05 “Mr. Hu . . departments.” China’ll say no Economist.com 9/6/05 “But . . themselves” History proves boycotts cause wars that spillover Peace Research (5/1) Pervez 2K5 “History . . . in Washington.” Your cards are ivory tower Chinoy ’01 (CNN NEWSROOM July 16 2K1 “But even . . is today.” Can’t solve, Olympics boycott gets no impact Detroit Free Press (Mitch Albom) 2K1 “What’s . . worth doing.” Don’t solve Detroit News 8/2 (John Niyo) “I can’t . . . don’t work.” Turn – Attending creates msg. of peace Orlando Sentinel 9/10/00 (George Diaz) “Her . . the Games.” Don’t solve New Zealand Herald 7/2/05 “But . . Africa.” Turn – Games pressure China http://americanfuture.typepad.com/american future/2005/04/china taiwan an.html “For the . . Semitism.” Plan denies American rights Orlando Sentinel 9/10/00 (George Diaz) “They . . States.” Block Strategy – CP, K, Case Solv. 2NR Strategy – Kick CP, K, Kicked case Solv. Emporia State MR Neg Round # 5 Shirley Vs Team: Trinity BR Judge: Vega Case Args: China says no from caselist Off Case Args: T and ASPEC Pan Protectionism Emporia State MR Neg Round 3 Shirley Vs Team : Pitt FW Judge: Schrader Case Args:Wipeout Future Weapons Our current mindset will drive us towards future weapons Lifton 90 (The Genocidal mentality, p.3-4) “Deterrence policy also…..their pied piper” Must destroy the tek base David Langford 1979 (2080,future of military peace) “the next major step…no limits are encountered” Mindset Shift David Miller 1988(fateful visions) “For public opinion……a nuclear war” Mindset shift Shaleveth Freier 1979 (The Dangers of Nuclear War, “Local wars and their escalation”, p. 125-126 “Up to the Cuban….sudden relaxation” Spark Shell Collapse Inevitable, the faster the better Caldwell 2000, www.foundation.bw/onglobalwar.htm “it would appear that…..greenhouse gases stops” Nuke war checks population Caldwell “what can change things…….the planet’s city population” It’s a crossover Caldwell “in summary, global war…..can be done?” Survivability Ozone Zutel’88 www.peace.ca/nuclearwinterrevisited.htm “another doomsday prediction……are being reduced” OSIM 2002 www.osim.org/nwss/573p912.htm “a realistic simplified…livermore national laboratory. Generic No Biocide Gay 1987 (Nuclear war) Moreover, they omit….low-yeild confrontation Counterforce targeting Zutel’88 above “Referring back to our…..all going to die anyway” Minimal regret Caldwell (canam4x cite) As much as the us…..impending nuclear war The rest of it comes from the OSIM, if you want specific text, let me know Emporia MR Round 1 Vs. aff: Emory CL Judged by: Smith-Williams Case Args: Liberthal proposal fails Us is viewed as enemy New York Times 20 yrs FW fails Taiwanese leg turn- Plan --> bickering Disad Elections- pressure on china --> repubs vict --> bunker busters Disad Six party talks relations disad Kritik X Kritik Y Counterplan- remove all US security guarantees ntowards Taiwan and assure them we wont intervene in disputes with the prc. Stop foreigfn aid for weapons sales Nb- negots bad- semantic diffs 20 yr fw bad Cp solves before olympics Topicality And=both Topicality Y Block Strategy Everybut but T and NK relations 2NR Strategy Everything but t and NK relations Emporia State MR Neg Round 1 Shirley Vs Team: Emory CL Judge: Abbi Williams Smith Case Args: Solvency Turn and T/O- Taiwan Legislature A. NO way to achieve a settlement constitution Bush 2005 (Richard, Brookings Institute, Untying the Knot: Making Peace in the Taiwan Strait) “Yet Taiwanese identity politics has” “to enact constitutional amendments” B. solution has to be approved by constitutional majority in Taiwan- increases risk of miscalc Bush 2005 “Politics has another impact” “misperception and miscalculation” Turn- China plans for a war with the US Liu 2004 (Henry Prof. Urban and Regional Development UCLA Chair- NY Bases investment group, Asia Times “ Avoiding another no-win war” February 10 “The Taiwan enhanced security act” “been an undeniable failure” WE are the enemy, indict of admiral fallon New York Times 9-12-2005 “Contacts between the United States and Chinese” “we do not see a threat to China he said” US intervention leads to war Bush 2005 Sanctions are functional WMDs Mueller and Mueller ’99 Professor at Rochestor “sanctions of mass destruction, foreign affairs May/June Pg. 43 “As these have become prominent” “new and disturbing light” Risk of a coup now Business Week 9-12-2005 “yet few in the west” “bush administration insider” Compromise leads to coup Liu 2004 “riding the momentum” “of Taiwan and survive” Leads to millions of deaths Steyn 2005 “last week in” “values and human rights” We can abandon Taiwan Taiwan won’t prolif now Midterms: GOP will lose now Fournier 11-9-05 www.presstelegram.com “Bush put his” “low GOP turnout” Pressuring China is popular GOP win leads to bunker busters Peace action accessed 11-10-05 www.peace-action.org “disarmament advocates” “biological, or nuclear weapons” Leads to extinction IPPNW 2k4 International Physicians for Prevention of Nuclear War, May 3 “We know what almost 60 years” “present threat of extinction” CP The United States Federal Government should decouple all defense commitments by the United States towards Taiwan. The United States Federal Government should repeal all Executive Orders and Congressional Legislation toward Taiwan that uphold United States defense guarantees and security assistance towards Taiwan via diplomatic channels that the United States will not military or politically intervene in affairs between Taiwan and the People’s Republic of china. Taiwan will not receive any form of United States security assistance or foreign aid for the purpose of weapons purchases. Relations DA North Korea impact 2nr Strategy: Emporia MR Pre Shirley Our Neg positions are... DISADS Nationalism Relations Protectionism Dollar Politics Investor Pull-out COUNTER-PLANS Executive Order C/P Various PICS- mostly economic pressure K China Threat Con Static Notions of China Chinese Identity Empire Nuclear Things Emporia State TW @ Missouri State Round 2 vs. Oklahoma SS Framework Research is key to gaining education in debate Joyner, ILSA Journal of Int’l and Comparative Law, Spring 2003 Debate makes better social advocates Kristin Dybvig and Joel Iverson, “Can Cutting Cards Carve into our Personal Lives: An Analysis of debate research on Personal advocacy”, 1999, debate.uvm.edu Critical thinking is the lifeblood of effective argumentation Josina Makau and Debian Marty, Cooperative Argumentation: A model for deliberative community, pg. 152 E-Spec Economic pressure is sanctions or loan conditionality Dailey, 2005 Nonviolence Sanctions are violent Sanctions = US heg Joy Gordon, “Economic sanctions , just war doctrine and the fearful spectacle of the civilian dead.”, Cross currents, Fall, www.crosscurrents.org/gordon.htm Sanctions=WMD John and Karl Mueller, “Sanctions of Mass Destruction”, Foreign Affairs” May/June 1999, pg. 43 American First US has HR abuses at home Agence France Presse, “China Lashes out at serious human rights violations”, March 3, 2005, LN Must turn inward on racism, not outward Spokesman Times, 2005, “Civil rights leaders say hurricane effects telling” Round 3 vs. Missouri PT Deep Eco Shallow eco = mild reform, need deep eco Drengson, The Deep Ecology Movement, 1995 Law denies animals and plants rights Steven Wise, 2000 The Case: Forwards Legal Rights of Animals Attempts to control nature will lead to mass extinction Zimmerman, 2002, “Deep Ecology, Activism and Human Evolution” Borders Borders can be solved now Shapiro ,1997, Violent Cartographies Speech act good Shapiro, 1997 Borders = war El-Anwaty, The Organization of African Unity, 1994 Require borders= violence Ferguson 96,”Challenging Boundaries” P-spec Econ sanctions are econ pressure Dailey, 2005 Must spec pressure Must spec agent Terror Talk Discourse= oppression Andre Frank, Foreword to the State of Terror by Annamarie Oliversio Round 6 vs. Kansas SS T- Threat doesn’t = pressure Aff mixes burdens- it threat solves no action is taken and they avoid DAs Fear of sanctions not pressure Dailey, 2005 Spec Aff doesn’t specify sanctions Douglas Donoho, Michigan Journal of Int’l Law, 14/827 Don’t specify dip pressure, agent, which HR standards are enforced Case-Sanctions Bad Joy Gordon, Cross currents, Fall, www.crosscurrents.org/gordon.htm John and Karl Mueller, “Sanctions of Mass Destruction”, Foreign Affairs” May/June 1999, pg. 43 Stephen Zunes, “Are Iraqi Sanctions Immoral?” Foreign Service Journal, Feb 1999 Chengxin Pan, “The China Threat” in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive construction of other as power politics Christie Love, “Not in our own country? A Critique of the United States Welfare System through the lens of China’s one child law” Columbian Journal of Gender and Law, Summer, vol 14, issue 2, pg. 142 Borders K Affirmative identification of the indigenous civil-terroritorial complex as underdeveloped justifies a form of masked violence used to destroy cultures Shapiro, 97, Violent Cartographies, Mapping Cultures of War, 1997 Yassin, El Ayouty, the Organization of African Unity After 30 years, 1994, pg. 28 Kennan Ferguson, Challenging Boundaries, pg. 169 Florida Florida BC neg Round #8 Shirley Vs. aff: Texas DJ Judged by: Case Args: Consequences matter- moral absolutism = evil and irrelevant Isaac 2002, Dissent, v49 n2 proquest “unyielding concern with moral goodness…promotes arrogance” Sanctions harms economy-create retaliation and aggression escalation McGee 2002, 10 Cardozo J. Int’l & Comp. L. 109 “Legal Ethics, Business Ethics and International Trade” “much could be said…labeled as unreliable” Unilateral actions on HR create international backlash- Refusal to adhere to mlateral agreements perceived as hypocrisy Wall, 1998 Fordham International Law Journal, “reluctance in protecting...spot-free hands” Economic Sanctions is propaganda masking intentional genocide paralleled by the Nazis for population control Winds.org 1999, “there has been an explosion…enforcement of human rights” Sanctions key “development” discourse since they are imposed on developing nations McGee 02, Cardozo LR, “bully by picking” Development destroys Other, destruction of being replicates harms, legitimates rulers to crank up repression in search of American values Escobar 94, Encountering Development, p. 11-12 Empathy for Other conceals our complicity in structures of power that maintain oppression- we annihilate object of concern Boler 97, Cultural Studies, v. 11 n2 p. 258-9 US-China Space Coop Disad- Same as caselist Borders Kritik USFG Topicality Block Strategy Consequentalism Good, 2NR Strategy Case-consequentialism good, sanctions are genocidal, economic devastation used to undermine people, Escobar- Western prescribed intervention backfire and are violent- development is bad, Borders, Relations DA Florida BC Round # 1 Shirley Vs. aff: Samford BS Judged by: Jake Wiener Case Args: IPR Enf denies drugs. BBC ’03 http://rcus.BBC.co.uk China solves Fake drugs now. Gortman ’02 (Peter Wash Post) IPR enforcement >> retaliation, collapses global economy. Peter K Yu 2000 “At the global level… so hard to achieve..” If China loses they will pull out of the WTO. Mastel ’97 (Greg, The Real China Question, The Case for Conditional Free Trade) Disad Politics India Deal (same) Disad Russia-Sino (same) Counterplan Consult Russia (same) Topicality Econ pressure = sanctions. Topicality On = motion towards Block Strategy: Politic Consult Russia and Russia-Sino 2NR Strategy CP and Russia-Sino Florida BC Pre Shirley T Violations – Econ Pressure = Sanctions b viol – plan doesn’t sanction china c stds 1 – ground – sanctions are key neg grd 2 – limits – sancitosnr e b/l for divindg grd 3 – research burden – sanctions k part of literature Dip Pressure = Gov to Gov b viol – plan exerts pressure on 3rd party (WTO, UN, etc…) c std – 1 limits – any 3rd party explodes topic 2 – grd – 3rd ptart is key cp ground Econ Pressure = Unconditional b viol – plan threatends econ prexsure but doesn’t implement it c stds – 1 limits – threats on anything, cant measure 2 – fx topical – pressure comes only after conditions are met, that’s voter fariness and ground Politics – India Deal Bad U – India deal wont pass now Asia Times– 10-6-2005 [Indrajit Basu, “India woos West for nuclear energy,” http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/GJ06Df01.html] plan is a winn for bush India deal ? collapse of NPT rapd horizontal Prolif Prolif Bad BioPower US Pressure mechanizes Individuals, makes them tools of the soverign Agamben 00 Biopower ? racism, violence, must be rejected Foucault 76 Alt – Rejct Every instance of biopower, only unraveling the the inevitability of bioopower allows true conscious resistance Agamben 98 Space Coop Uniqueness - US ready to Coop with China now Covault 2005 (Craig, 2/57 Aviation&Space Weekly, LN) Pressure Hurts Relations ? Space Rivalry – Engagement K to transparency and US Space program Yoshihara 2003 (Toshi, Boston Globe, 10/16, LN) Space Coop solves US-Sino Relations, NMD, Taiwan and Nuclear Prolif – 4 Scenarios for Nuclear war Washingon Quarterly 2003 (Autumn, LN) Consult Russia CP The USFG should propose the mandates of the af plan to the Russian federation through the framework of the NRC. Russian modifications and objections will be honored by the US. Genuiine, Prior Consultation with Russia is key to strengthening US – Russia relations and NRC cooperation, which solves Terrorim and Prolif Rummer n Simon 01 , St.Petersburg Times , 12/25, l/n) Terroism ? Nuclear Retatliation Easterbrook 01 2nc add-ons US-Russian relations sovle everything Cohen 2000 Failed Crusade US-Russia rels k to econ haas 99 “US-Rusia relations in the ost-post-cold war world Russian econ collapse = NW David 99 Foreign affairs jan/feb US-Russian Coop K to space pifer 2003 (“The US n Russian : Space cooperations and export controls” Space solves one hundred trillion lives every second Bostrum, ’04 (Nick, Oxford Professor, Utilitas) Sino-Russian Relations Disad US pressure ? alliance Person 01 (Person, contributing author and MA candidate at Stanford University, Spring 2k1 (Robert, “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Jargon: The Sino-Russian Strategic Partnership,” Stanford Journal of International Relations Vol. 3, No. 1p. http://www.stanford.edu/group/sjir/3.1.10_person.html) Alliance ? Russian Nat Byman & Cliff, director of Georgetown's Security Studies Program and Center for Peace and Security Studies and Assistant for Strategy Development DOD, 1999 Russian Nat ? Nuclear First Strike Pry, senior fellow at the Pioneer Institute, 1999 (Vincent, War Scare p.247-48) Alliance k to check China Lukin, independent political analyst for the Brookings Institute, DOA 8-8-2k5 (Alexander, “Russia’s Image of China and Russian-Chinese Relations,” p. http://www.brook.edu/dybdocroot/fp/cnaps/papers/lukinwp_01.pdf ) Florida BC @ GSU UMW __LM_______ (your initials) side ____Aff_____ vs. ____Florida_ (school) __BC (initials) Round: __IV___ Tournament: ______GSU_______ Judge: _____Mike Eber Decision: ___Neg________ Your affirmative case: CVC Your advantages: Trade 1. WTO collapse 2. Free Trade 1NC off case position #1: SOP 1NC Structure and cites: Failure to use all three branches is bad, plan gives too much power to the executive branch Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: 2NR explanations: 1NC off case position #2: Topicality - increase 1NC Structure and cites: plan only increases the size of an agency, not pressure. There was an FX standard Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: 2NR explanations: 1NC off case position #3: Consult Russia/NATO 1NC Structure and cites: Consult Russia/NATO. Net benefit: relations help fight terrorism. Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: 2NR explanations: 1NC off case position #4: Politics 1NC Structure and cites: India deal won’t get through now but the plan is a legislative win (which translates into political capitol) for Bush. The political capitol he gets from the win is key to passing the Indian deal. The Indian deal will result in a nuclear war in South Asia. Key 2NC/1NR arguments and cites: 2NR explanations: 1NC on case arguments: vs. Trade 1) anti-dumping suits will still be used post plan 2) Slavery turn: sanctions/pressure on China encourages slavery in China 3) Space turn: we must cooperate with China on space or they will militarize without us Negative Block Division of Labor: 2NC: Don’t remember 1NR: 2NR went for: CP solves case Florida LS @ GSU Judge: Ryan Baker Case: Aids 1. Discriminations against women 2. Economic pressure bad leads to capitalism 3. Solvency- the framework 4. Fiat- we are not in a utopia…(?) 5. Ideology of capitalism/methodology Florida WW @ GSU Harris Westmoreland & Max Wolson Judge: Wolf Opposing Team: ??? Title of case this team opposed: China internet Aff Off-Case arguments: 1. US-Sino Relations (Quingguo 02) 2. Topicality USFG = All 3 3. Consult Russia (Rumer and Simon 01) 4. India Nuclear Deal (Regehr 05) Florida State Florida State LS Round # 5 Shirley Vs. aff: Pitt HW Judged by: Sarah Holbrook Case Args: War is inevitable in a world of capitalism Nationalism Turn Cap K Same as caselist T-Dip Pressure Spec Block Strategy Everything 2NR Strategy Cap and T Florida State LS Round # 5 Shirley Vs. aff: Pitt HW Judged by: Sarah Holbrook Case Args: War is inevitable in a world of capitalism Nationalism Turn Cap K Same as caselist T-Dip Pressure Spec Block Strategy Everything 2NR Strategy Cap and T Florida State LS Round 2 Shirley Vs. aff: Miami OH GV Judged by: Katie Baxter-Kauf Case Args: China not on brink of war Kritik of Capitalism K of capitalism with generic pressure link- impacts biopolitics weapons use Alt- reject the empowerment of capital Debate is a key venue for social change Must question method, not cost benefit Block Strategy Cap K/case and T 2NR Strategy Florida State LS Pre Shirley FloridaStateLS: Negative disclosure As a general rule, we run a K of Capitalism. Basically, cap bad and the alternative is to reject the empowerment of capitalism and adopt a critical pedagogy so that the USFG can shift to a human ethic instead of an ethic of capital. Don’t be surprised if we start a T debate. It happens in about half the rounds we debate. Florida State MR @ GSU Moussatchet & Rogue Judge: Kaplan-Shain Opponent: ??? Case: Internet T-Econ pressure must be on PRC Orientalism CP, Australia does plan solves politix, k, and multipolartiy good. Politics, social security bad, winners win. Florida State RR Neg Round # 7 Shirley Vs Team: Georgetown Judge: Case Args: Anthro solves space col Anthro solves AIDs Off Case Args: Orientalism T economic pressure = sanctions on the government T diplomatic pressure = sanctions and negotiations Block Strategy: 2NC Framework and K 1NR T Economic pressure and case 2nr Strategy: Orientalism Florida State RR Round # 7 Shirley Vs. aff: CITES Judged by: ? Case Args: Their ev that says sexism is a bigger cause than speciesism They say resistance is a threat, leading to more exploitation. Biocentrism would kill space exploration. [x] Animal exploitation key to space colonization. [x] 10^32 lives are lost every second we delay space exploration. Bostrum 2k3 Anthropocentric norms are foundational to what they K—they link to turns. Halfsteen Center 2k2 Animal testing is key to solve AIDS Goldman ‘02 Failure to solve AIDS leads to extinction Jakarta Post ‘94 Zizek evidence doesn’t say what metaphoric transcendence means. Orientalism History has continuously depicted China as having inadequate laws, something that leads to a semi-colonization by western countries—the af’s entire 1ac is a statemen of this sort—the aff pressures China into changing it’s policies. Ruskola 2k2 (Teemu, Asst Prof Law, Sr Fellow @ Center Chinese Legal Studies, Legal Orientalism, 101 Mich .L. Rev. 179 lexisnexis) “But just what does it mean…. Western extraterritorial privileges.” Our assumptions dictates what we look for in law—we will always view Chinese laws as inadequate. This is exactly what the aff does. Ruskola 2k2 (Full cite above.) “In the social sciences…. Of an enterprising functionalist.” The U.S.’s foreign policy is empirically embedded in orientalism—The U.S. and other western ORGANIZATIONS FORCE China into subjects that are commodities.. Ruskola 2k2 “Today many American policy-makers… contributions to the modern world.” The aff perpetuates the relationship between the US and China in the orientalist framework—This impacts our ways of thinking—It creates a world where the orient is creates by the west its true identity absent. Sae-Saue 2k3 (U Colorado Dept English Dept, Jayson, Aug 7-13, “Lecture on Edward Said: Orientalism” http://www.ucolorado.edu/English/eng2010mk/2said.html edwardsaid.org) “Before we engaged the discussion into… beyond western comprehension. Orientalism is the main cause of patriarchy Aolki ‘96 Racist way of thinking is the root cause of sovereign ability to enslave ALL life Lian 2k Our alternative is to change response to foreign policy on an indiv level in this round. We have an individual responsibility. Said ‘98 This is a mindset shift that can begin in this round at the individual level. We each have an ethical obligation to tear down Orientalism and the affirmative team should be rejected since their mindset and policy proposals prevent this action. Spivak ‘99 Excerpt from Gayatry Chakravorty Spivak, A Critique of Postcolonial Reason. Toward a History of the Vanishing Past (http://www.b-sides.net/amp/emp/gaya.html) “we are talking about using… talking about meeting in secret.” Topicality And Diplomacy 1.) Plan must sanctions and negotiation a.) And means both or together American Heritage b.) Diplo is negotiations Dictionary of World Politics “The word is often used… the whole rationale of world politics.” 2.) Ground—Key to links and PICS on the issue of diplomacy. 3.) Limits—Many reasons to just Sanction but not many reasons to do both. 4.) VI competitive equity Topicality On the PRC 1.)Sanctions must be on PRC a.) Economic pressure is applied sanctions. Perry 2003 William U.S. Secretary of defense from ’94-97, Interview. William Perry 2/26 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kim/interviews/perry.html “the alternative.. sanctions, economic pressure.” b.) On = against American Heritage 2.) PRC is the state of China Wikipedia 2k5 “Mainland China president… the whole of China.” 3.) Plan doesn’t sanction 4.) Pressure not on government but on US companies and black market 5.) Limits—Infinite private actors that they could pressure. 6.) Ground—Core of topic is engagement ground, they prevent that. 7.) Extra-T—Allow pressure on American businesses 8.) Proves resolution insufficient 9.) VI Block Strategy Everything, 2N reads framework. 2NR Strategy Florida State RR Neg Round 5 Shirley Vs Team: West Georgia Judge: Ziesman Case Args: Orientalism K Same as case list Traditional Framework Bad Same Off Case Args: Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Florida State RR Round #2 Shirley Vs Team: Richmond BC Judge: Vertmisky Case Args: Same as cast list Off Case Args: same Block Strategy: same 2nr Strategy: same Florida State RR Pre Shirley NEG- This is my first tournament debating with Nina...she will be the 2N and thus far has only run the Orientalism K on the neg. Fort Hays Fort Hays CM Round 6 Shirley Vs. aff: UT Judged by: Case Args: The affs plan will fail violently. We call for the use of Tibetan Buddhism as a middle way with the concept of the aff. Sources: David Sawyer “Political Dissent Interbeing” Ken Jones “The New Face of Social Buddhism Robert Thurman “Inner Revolution” The Jewel Tree of Tibet Fort Hays CM Neg Round #7 Shirley Vs Team: Stanford LL Judge: Jennifer Harris Case Args: None Off Case Args: Buddhism- we should have personal transformation Block Strategy: Buddhism 2nr Strategy: Buddhism Fort Hayes cm Round# 2 Shirley Vs. aff: Bama bp Judged by: Sharp, Jon Case Args: While the plan might be a good idea, the middle way of Buddhism is the way to get there David Sawyer “Political Dissent and InterBeing” The new social force of Buddhism Sawyer, David Inner revolution: life, liberty, and the pursuitn of real happiness Ken Jones The jewel tree of Tibet Robert Thurman Block Strategy Politics- OF THE POSTMODERN 2NR Strategy Fort Hayes CM neg Alabama BP Aff Fort Hayes CM neg John Sharp Round 2 1NC US must have a reality check and change Must move politics to a new realm in order to solve any form of brutality Democratic politics is in serious decline Aff can’t work thru this system Don’t address the causes of the problems Must account for both the individual and the society in order to solve Must have spiritual transformation Imposition of peace has been a tool of oppression Believe in the debate round Vote neg to endorse Buddhism Key to solve aff harms Any solvency of the aff will lead to incredible harm Current politics corrupts All reality is interconnected Reincarnation occurs Everything must be rethought in the focus of a Buddhist theory Magic formula – pray for world peace and balance Less attachment to myself in order to understand structural violence done to others Offer myself to the oppressed Buddhism doesn’t necessitate pacifism in the face of violence It has much to do with social ills Requires engagement in political affairs Must avoid intellectual pitfalls Reliance on author qualed ev Line by line Must view round in Buddhist way Must have ethical path to political engagement End with a prayer 2AC People have a right to their own mind You don’t get the mind itself Plan is a perquisite to the alternative Hold them to clear explanation of what happens The k is just a link of omission Never k the state Their ev says the need to revive democracy Rawls solves Democracy good If they don’t allow political deliberation, using debate as a discussion, democracy will collapse on itself Decide that you have a moral right to own mind – means that ppl no longer to fight Policy debate key to research skills We should be careful about the way we use govt Ppl stealing mind leads to slavery Speice and lyle card – personal advocacy makes devils advocate meaningless Must use switchsides Policy action is good Voting neg to do the aff politics isn’t fair because its not explained Perm Framework Sandbagging Aff gets framework Key to aff ground Not predictable Can do both People have mind ripped, that is a specific instance, we acknowledge its all over the place We should do the plan and do social change Rorty speak to the perm Don’t do the pitfalls We read good ev We don’t go fast Don’t have to go line by line I’m most comfortable with this 2NC Yes, their plan can work, but we have to do our own transformation first You have a right to think what you want to think Must find middle way between personal transformation and policy “vote neg to affirm” Societal changes come from personal changes 1NR Life goes fast Must acknowledge others suffering Different realities can transform this entire debate Difference between western culture and Buddhist KIM JONES is their main author Look at problem thru Buddhist perspective, its different, I promise Reincarnation complicates calculations of death Their framewok is violent Buddhists offer different view about how to solve the problem These realities change what we are doing Line by line is stupid Different approaches lead to different solutions We agree that there is a problem, but we should look at it in a Buddhist way, not western way in order to try to solve 1AR When they can morph framework, the aff can’t win Aff gets framework As debate gets less fair, Buddhism fails They change the framework in the block We just like line by line, we don’t say that they have to do it Ip key to ownership of mind It's a da to alternative Policy making good Key to change Da to their framework Must be able to do transformation alongside another action Justifies the perm Property rights must be absolutes One at a time risks no action what so ever Must exclude certain things from debate in order to promote change Must win that all people have mindset shift 2NR Must have middle way Must first do inner transformation before we do their plan Can’t think about how we should do it until we are Buddhist Vote neg to do their plan Not experienced enough to do line by line Kim jones talks about the importance of ordering Fort Hays CR Neg Round # 7 Shirley Vs Team: Bard CF Judge: Stornhagen Case Args: Off Case Args: Socially engage China counterplan Reps link- we don’t know china Buddhism critique Block Strategy: All 2nr Strategy: All Fresno City Fresno City College BY @ Gonz Round 4: Neg VS. Georgia State FL NONE DISCLOSED Round 6: Neg VS. Long Beach FL Affirmative: Performance 1NC Arguments: Genelogy of Ruwanda Ronay 2000 CNN News 1994 Block Strategy: Framework and K 2NR Strategy: Framework and K Fresno City College BY @ Gonz Round 2: Neg VS. Richmond SS 1NC Arguments: Agamben Fopo serves as a boundary producing discourse precluded on danger, fear and violence of the foreign “other” (Campbell 98) Intl legal even that act on behalf of “humanity” are organized along the principles of bio-sovereignty (Caldwell 2k4) Focal point of resistance against sov power is the struggle against something (illegible handwriting) Edkins 2k3 Sov power reduces all to bare life (Edkins 2k3) Sov power=worst form of biopower (Herdt and Negri 2k4) Embrace whatever being (Caldwell 2k4) Chaloupka The aff constitutes the atomic state it attempts to criticize (Chaloupka 92) Call to dismantle the nuclear state are institutionalized as a mode of domination (Chaloupka 92) Expose the mechanism (Chaloupka 92) Block Strategy: Both Ks 2NR Strategy: Agamben George Mason George Mason All Pre Shirley George Mason GW and FM – First Negative Constructive Arguments DIPLOMATIC ATTENTION DEFICIT DISADVANTAGE a. uniqueness - current state department focus is on saudi’s transition to a new king Ali Khan 8-5-05 [M. Ghazanfar, Arab News Staff Writer “More Pledge Allegiance to the New King” Arab News The Middle East's Leading English Language Daily GoogleNews] [ct] [http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1§ion=0&article=67990&d=5&m=8&y=2005&pix=kingdom.jpg&category=Kingdom] “State Department spokesman Tom Casey said the main focus of the state department…..” b. link - plan costs diplomatic focus prevents influence on saudi’s transition Anderson & Grewell 02 [TERRY L. ANDERSON AND J. BISHOP GREWELL “The Greening of Foreign Policy” PERC Policy Series] [ct] [www.perc.org/pdf/ps20.pdf] “Foreign policy is a bag of goods that includes issues from free trade to arms trading to human rights….” c. internal link – lack of diplomatic focus in saudi arabia will prevent democratic reform in saudi arabia Rochester Democrat and Chronicle 8-3-05 [“The transition in Saudi Arabia is one of many in Arab lands”] [cj] [http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050803/OPINION04/508030309/1041/OPINION] “The death this week of Saudi Arabia's King Fahd after a 23-year…” breakdown of democratic reform will cause civil war Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 8-4-05 [Editorial: A turning point for Saudis] [ct] [http://www.jsonline.com/news/editorials/aug05/346141.asp] “A major oil-producing country such as Saudi Arabia, a country entrusted with…” saudi civil war would gut oil production plunging the globe into economic depression The Dallas Morning News 8-02-05 [Editorial, “Saudi Tipping Point: Can King Abdullah keep troubles in check?”] [cj] [http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/opinion/editorials/stories/080205dnediabdullah.cc03930.html] “A shrinking and oppressed middle class. A swelling population….” WORLD ECONOMIC collapse LEADS TO NUCLEAR WAR Mead 1992 [Walter Russell New Perspectives Quartely, Volume 9, #3] [ct] “What if the global economy stagnates-or even shrinks? In that case…” RELATIONS DISADVANTAGE Uniqueness- US-China relations are high and stable. China View 8/4/05, Xinhuanet, Google News BEIJING, Aug. 4 (Xinhuanet) – “China and the United States pledge to further regular parliamentary exchanges and cooperation at all levels….” Link- Pressuring China on the plan collapses US-China relations. Qingguo 02 (Jia, Impact of 9.11 on Sino-U.S. Relations: A Preliminary Assessment, July. http://www.brookings.edu/dybdocrootlfp/cnaps/papers/2002_ qingguo.pdf) “In reaction to U.S. pressure, Beijing appealed to Chinese nationalistic feelings and dismissed U.S. pressure as hegemonic…” C. Impact- US-China relations are key to world stability Qingguo 02 (Jia, Impact of 9.11 on Sino-U.S. Relations: A Preliminary Assessment, July, http://www.brookings.edu/dybdocrootlfp/cnaps/papers/2002_qingguo.Pdf) “China and the U.S. have important roles to play in world affairs. Their cooperation is important and…” D. The disad turns the case- high US-China relations are key to solve all 4 parts of the resolution. Qingguo 02 (Jia, Impact of 9.11 on Sino-U.S. Relations: A Preliminary Assessment, July, http://www.brookings.edu/dybdocroot/fp/cnaps/papers/2002_qingguo.pdf) “The U.S. is waging a war against terrorism and it needs all the international assistance it can get. In this regard, China's…” AVIDYA KRITIK Being is one—everything that exists is immutable, unchanging and singular. There is an underlying substance that has a permanent identity. The self is an identity of its own that does not alter even though its parts continually recombine and permute, and put on masks, veils and costumes. Parmenides, 1987. “The Way of Truth,” in Early Greek Philosophy, ed. Jonathon Barnes, pp. 134-5 “One path is left for us to speak of, namely, that It is.” Words in the English Language confuse the truth—we only see ourselves as individuals because we have used a linguistic slight of hand to ignore reality. Nouns, coupled with confusion about the singular nature of being, allow us to demonize others and project evil onto them, which is a necessary precondition for war. Appelbaum, David, 2002. Parabola, vol 27, no 4. “Can War be Stopped,” pp. 34-35. “We are a step or two closer to taking a look at war…” This is exemplifies through the Aff policy, which identifies China as an object of US foreign policy. The language in their 1AC creates a discoursive reality that is orientalist and enables us/them binaries that ultimately distort our conception of indentity. Sae-Saue, Jayson, 2003. “Lecture on Edward Said: ‘Orientalism,’ http://www.colorado.edu/English/eng12010mk/2said.html “Before we engaged the discussion into the introduction directly…” Failure to acknowledge the interconnectedness of reality makes war and extinction inevitable. Appelbaum, David, 2002. Parabola, vol 27, no 4. “Can War be Stopped,” pp. 34-35. “Can war be stopped? We know enough now to say…” The Alternative is to analyze and reject Avidya—you should use the ballot to embrace a worldview that recognizes the fundamental ignorance involved in representations of unique identities. This philosophical approach is vastly superior to pragmatic solutions. Appelbaum, David, 2002. Parabola, vol 27, no 4. “Can War be Stopped,” pp. 34-35. “An old adage goes: Wars won’t end until we think through…” Politics Bird Flu Link: Plan kills remaining political capital Impact is Extinction Steinbruner, John. 1998. Foreign Policy, Winter Ed. “It is a considerable comfort and undoubtedly a key to our survival that, so far, the main lines of defense against this threat…” India Deal Good Link: winners win Impact is Extinction. Fai, Ghulam Nabi, Kashmiri American Council, July 8th, 2001. Washington Times. “The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the lackadaisical and distant…” George Mason CR (Nicole Clagett & Linda Rosen) @ Liberty neg vs. Liberty HW, Labor Standards Disadvantages: - Bizcon DA - US/Sino Relations DA Case: - Sanctions bad George Mason GH (Salman Haider & Zack Golden) @ Liberty Neg vs. Richmond MW, Space Race Topicality: Nuclear Non-proliferation Disadvantages: Nationalism Saudi Relations Deterrence George Mason FM Neg Round 6 Shirley Vs Team: Western Illinois HW Judge: Fred Sternhagen Case Args: none Off Case Args Avidya (see other teams pre-shirley entry) T- Economic Pressure T- On Pressure Spec Relations DA (same as case book) Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: George Mason FM Neg Round # Shirley Vs Team: Stanford LM Judge: Kevin Kuswa Case Args: none Off Case Args: Critique- Avidy Relations T- on T in Block Strategy:2NC K, 1NR T in, relations 2nr Strategy:Critique George Mason FM Neg Round 2 Shirley Vs James Madison GY Judge: Morgan-Parmett IR critique gervais 00’ Myopic view matriarchy and vince Gervais 00’ Just one form of oppression Damned for state action crushes movements Martin 90 Leads to coopt of movements Martin 90’ Solvency: China will solve because Olympics-pressure is backlash US part in Olympics solve violence and militarism Patriarchal Olympics key to US econ Off Case Args: T-On T-Econ AVIDYA K- same as other team Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: George Mason GW Neg Round #1 Shirley Classic Vs. aff: UCOk. DS Judged by: Steve D’Amico Neg GMU: T On Aspec Framework (roleplaying is real good) Avidya K: Being is one, everything that exists is immutable, unchanging and singular. Parmenides 1987 “The Way of the truth.” In Early Greek Philosophy, ed Jonathan Barnes 134-5 Words in the English language confuse the truth—we only see ourselves as individuals because of language—this is the precondition of war. Appelbaum 2002 Parabola vol 27 no 4 can war be stopped? Pp34 -35 This is exemplified by the aff policy which creates the US as the object of foreign policy. Enables us them binaries. Sau-Saue 2003 “Lecture on Edward said: oreintalism,” www.colorado.edu/English/engl2010mksaid.html Alt: Analyize and reject Avidya—use the ballot to embrace a worldview tat represent ignorance involved in representation and identity. IT is superior to pragmatic solutions. Appelbaum again p 32 2NR: T on and the K George Mason GW @ Richmond RND 1 Aff- Clarion GN “boycott Olympics- nk refugees torture AH” ASPEC Politics- farm subs Relations- US- China- relations good K- whole world is 1 individual, plan set China up as an object of US foreign policy= otherizes them and legitimizes war Avidya K- A. Being is One Parmenides, “The Way of Truth” pp. 134-5 B. Words Confuse Truth Applebaum 2002. Parabola #4 pp. 34-36 C. War inevitable Applebaum 2002 Parabola #4 pp. 34-36 D. Alternative Applebaum 2002 Parabola .pp. 32 George Mason University GW (Grimm & Wagner) @ Liberty Kritiks: Kritik of identity (Appelbaum 2k2, Parabola vol 27 no. 4 p. 34) Speicism (Carol Adams Neither Man nor Beast 1994) Disadvantages: Iraq politics George Mason KK (Preston Kussman & Robin Kirkman) @ Liberty Neg vs. Richmond AD, South China Seas Topicality: and sanctions = economic pressure Theory: - Vagueness bad Disadvantages: - US/Sino Relations DA - Nationalism (Doug Bandaw, June 11, 2000, cato.com) Business Confidence Georgetown Georgetown BG Neg Round 3 Shirley Vs Team: Eastern New Mexico HW Judge: Brett Saindon Case Args: Solvency Foreign policy serves as a boundary-producing discourse predicated on danger, fear, and violence of the foreign “other” Off Case Args: CSPEC – must specify if China is PRC or Taiwan Conditional fiat – aff pressure conditioned on action by Taiwan Taoism (same as round 1) Communicative engagement CP (same as round 1) Block Strategy: CSPEC, Taoism, Communiciative Engagement CP, Solvency 2nr Strategy: CSPEC, CP, Solvency Georgetown BG Neg Round 1 Shirley Vs Team: Georgia DM Judge: Starks Off Case Args: Taoism: Attempts to exercise American "leadership" produce only resentment and oppose the Tao. Leadership must be relinquished and isolationism pursued to avoid causing danger to ourselves. Welch 1966. [Holmes, scholar of China and Taoism, Taoism: The Parting of the Way, Boston: Beacon Press, gender paraphrased//gtown-jdg] A Taoist revision of humanity's character is needed to prevent the further development of destructive tendencies and solve the un-tenability of human survival. Welch 1966. [Holmes, scholar of China and Taoism, Taoism: The Parting of the Way, Boston: Beacon Press, gender paraphrased//gtown-jdg] Attempting to do something about pillage, tyranny or slaughter is less effective than non-action—actively attempting to mould people produces resistance and accomplishes the opposite of what it aims at. Welch 1966. [Holmes, scholar of China and Taoism, Taoism: The Parting of the Way, Boston: Beacon Press, gender paraphrased//gtown-jdg] 2nc cards: Attempting to actively do what is good inevitably fails, because the presumption that the world needs to be fixed creates that need—inaction works better than does action. Welch 1966. [Holmes, scholar of China and Taoism, Taoism: The Parting of the Way, Boston: Beacon Press, gender paraphrased//gtown-jdg] AT PERM: attempting to retain goals while adopting Taoism will lead to inevitable failure: the aims of our actions must themselves be surrendered. Welch 1966. [Holmes, scholar of China and Taoism, Taoism: The Parting of the Way, Boston: Beacon Press, gender paraphrased//gtown-jdg] Communicative Engagement CP: The United States Federal Government should enter into communicative engagement with the People's Republic of China; the topic of oil departing the Port of Sudan for the People's Republic of China will initiate the communicative action. The CP stops the objectification of the other. Lynch 2002, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 8:2, pp 192-3 "Rationalist analysis relies on a strategic conception…mutually beneficial relations" Treating the other as an object via securitized discourse ensures perpetuation of violence and oppression. Tickner 2001 There is a a new possibility of communicative rationality; the use of discursive power can counteract distortions and hegemonic relations in IR; this calls for a hyper-active attention to discourse which is the opposite of nihilism. Beejikian and Dryzek, 2000, "Reflexive Action in International Politics," British Journal of Political Science, v. 30 pp. 193-6 "What function do discourses…across competing discourses. Terror Talk: Terrorism is a dangerous word and is used to justify illegal and immoral actions and is used to displace responsibility for violence. Whitbeck 2001, www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/27d/032.html "The greatest threat to world peace…planet decent places to live" T: Pressure on Companies Not on PRC Pressure on Companies is not pressure on the PRC. Kan 2005 www.usembassy.it/pdf/RL31555.pdf „Skeptics say that despite...Security Council for consdieration" Block Strategy: T, Taoism, CP 2nr Strategy: Counterplan Georgetown BG Pre Shirley Negative: EO Counterplan EOs allow president to make law. Moe and Howell, 1999, lexis "our aim here is to highlight an institutional...central to the modern presidency" Doesn't require political capital. Ostrow 87 lexis "In this era of the 'Imperial Presidency'...government by executive order" Presidential Powers DA Presidential power is waning now CSM http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0816/p01s04-usop.html "Like pardons and executive orders...Washington University in Washington" EOs increase prez power. Kenneth Mayer 2001, With the Stroke of a Pen, "This theoretical perspective offered...which they have no control" Pres power is k/t heg. Mallaby 2000, Foreign Affairs, lexis "Finally, some will object that...chief executive to guide them" Khalilzad. Taoism When we ran taoism at Harvard, we didn't really read evidence. Actually, we didn't really say anything. But we handed our judge some evidence from the Tao De Ching, specifically page 137 of Waley's 1934 translation. Property Rights Kriitk A) Property rights institute a paradigm of whiteness as property, legitimating the right to exclude. Harris 1993, 106 Harv. L. Rev. 1707 ln "My Article investigates the relationships...new equal protection jurisprudence" B) The endpoint of this racialized paradigm of whiteness renders life calculable. In doing so, the racialized object experiences hte ultimate devaltuation, rendering life without value. Harris 1993, 106 Harv. L. Rev. 1707 ln "Because the 'presumption of freedom...the property of free human beings" C) Vote neg: an evauation of the distortions implicit in the conception of property rights and whiteness opens up a space for alternative perspectives. Harris 1993, 106 Harv. L. Rev. 1707 ln "Finally, in Part V, I offer...aspect of identity and property" D) A subersion of the current notion of whiteness as property is ecessary. Thought the notion of market and property inalienability has the immense capacity to maintain the dignity of human beings, the oppressive nature of whiteness as an inalienable right necessitates its deconstruction. Harris 1993, 106 Harv. L. Rev. 1707 ln "Property rights are traditionally described...than its disqualification as property" Georgetown MO Neg Round 7 Shirley Vs Team: Wyoming JS Judge: Case Args: Off Case Args: Butler Engagement Disease Rhetoric Bad Block Strategy: 2nr Strategy: Georgetown MO Neg Round # 2 Shirley Vs Team: Navy Judge: Wiley Case Args: Pressure Fails – Generic Drury & Li US Economic Sanctions Threats Against China: Failing to Leverage Better Human Rights www.missouri.edu/~drurya Off Case Args: Aspec Communic