Aff Big List 12-04 Alabama 23 Alabama BP Aff 23 Alabama BP Aff 23 Alabama BP Aff 27 Alabama BP Aff 27 Alabama BP Aff 28 Alabama BP Pre Shirley 30 Alabama LP Jack Parker & William Landau @ GSU 32 Alabama MV Melissa Van Kirk & Mallory Morgan @ GSU 33 Alabama MV 34 Alabama MV Melissa Van Kirk & Mallory Morgan @ GSU 36 Appalachian State 37 Appalachian State BP (Reynolds Patterson & Rhyan Breen) @ Richmond 37 Appalachian State MP Evan Miles & Reynolds Patterson @ GSU 37 Appalachian State MR (Evan Miles & Jonathan Russell) @ Richmond 39 Army 40 USMA Disclosure @ Buffalo 40 U.S. Military Academy CS (Suliman & Crow) @ Liberty 40 Military Academy DM (Camilla Dulys-Nusbaum & Renee Marren) @ Liberty 41 U.S. Military Academy HJ (Hammett & Jost) @ Liberty 41 U.S. Military Academy HK (Horowitz & Keyes) @ Liberty 41 U.S. Military Academy KW (Kent & Warner) @ Liberty 41 Military Academy KZ (Kalin & Zeck) @ Liberty 42 U.S. Military Academy LP (Linford & Pan) @ Liberty 43 U.S. Military Academy QT (Qirjazi & Thompson) @ Liberty 43 Augustana 44 Augustana BS, FH, RS @ UNI 44 Baptist Bible College 46 Baptist Bible College DM @ Missouri State 46 Baptist Bible College MV @ Missouri State 47 Baptist Bible/KCKCC @ Missouri State 49 Bard 51 Bard AF (novice), @ Buffalo 51 Bard CF Aff 51 Bard CF Aff 51 Bard CF Pre Shirley 52 Bard CR (novice), @ Buffalo 53 Bard PF (jv) @ Buffalo 53 Bard NS Aff 53 Bard NS Pre Shirley 54 Bard NS (varsity) @ Buffalo 54 Bard WD (jv) will be running a weapons aff with the following advocacy statement: @ Buffalo 54 Baroch 55 Baruch--DanNielle Lemberg & Nicole Lee @ Buffalo 55 Fordham/Baruch VV Fordham--Jennifer Vasquez & Ashley Vega (Baruch)  @ Buffalo 55 Baylor 57 Baylor CM & FS@ UNI 57 Baylor CM @ Missouri State 58 Baylor CM Affirmative @ UNI 60 Baylor JL @ Missouri State 61 Baylor JL & LO @ UNI 62 Baylor LO 63 Baylor LO Aff 64 Baylor LO 64 Baylor LO Aff 65 Baylor LO Pre Shirley 66 Baylor RT Aff 67 Baylor RT Aff 67 Baylor RT Aff 68 Baylor RT 68 Baylor RT Pre Shirley 68 Baylor RT @ UNI 71 Binghamton 74 Binghamton @ Buffalo 74 Binghamton GM (Jake Gartman & Matt Malia) @ Richmond 74 Binghamton MN (Marianito Mabutas & Xiong Ni) @ Richmond 81 Binghamton MN (Mabutas & Ni) @ Liberty 84 Binghamton RS (Stecker & Rodriguez) @ Liberty 86 Binghamton OS (Tamara Osdoby & Erica Shapiro) @ Richmond 87 Binghamton OS (Osdoby & Shapiro) 90 Binghamton RS (Stecker & Rodriguez) @ Liberty 90 Binghamton WL (Dan Weiser & Jeremy Levine) @ Richmond 91 Binghamton WL (Weiser & Levine) @ Liberty 91 Boston College 92 Boston College BC Aff 92 Boston College BC Aff 92 Boston College BC Aff 93 Boston College BC Aff 95 Boston College BC Pre Shirley 96 Boston College BC 101 Boston College BC @ GSU 103 Boston College CS Aff 103 Boston College CS Aff 105 Boston College CS 105 Boston College CS Pre Shirley 109 Boston College CS (Chung & Sullivan) @ Liberty 114 Boston College CS Doowon Chung & Jeff Sullivan @ GSU 116 Buffalo 119 Buffalo @ Buffalo 119 Cal Berkeley 121 Berkley BW 121 Berkeley BW Aff 122 Berk BW Aff 123 Berkeley BW 124 Cal BW Aff 124 Cal Berkeley BW Pre Shirley 125 Cal Berkeley BW @ Gonzaga 130 Cal Berkeley BW @ Gonzaga 137 Cal Berkeley GrRe @ Gonzaga 137 UC Berkeley GR Aff 138 Cal-Berkeley GR Aff 139 UC Berkeley GR Aff 139 Cal Berkeley GR Pre Shirley 140 Cal Berkeley GR @ Gonzaga 140 Cal Berkeley GR @ Gonzaga 140 Cal Berkeley GrRe @ Gonzaga 141 UC Berkeley LS Aff 141 Berkeley LS Aff 142 Cal Berkeley LS Pre Shirley 142 Cal Berkeley LS @ Gonzaga 148 Cal Berkeley LS @ Gonzaga 148 Capital 149 Capital RS Affirmative @ UNI 149 Case Western 150 Case DD 150 Case Western DD Aff 150 Case Western DD Pre Shirley 151 Case DD Affirmative @ Buffalo 152 Case Western DD Nick Denissen & Nick Dorsey@ GSU 154 Case Western DL, @ Buffalo 155 Case Western DN @ Richmond 155 Case Western DP 157 Case Western HT (Brian Holt & Sarah Tremont) @ Richmond 159 Case Western HT, @ Buffalo 160 Case Western NP @ Buffalo 160 Case Western PR 160 Case Western PR Aff 161 Case Western PR 161 Case Western PR Pre Shirley 162 Catholic 164 Catholic HK 164 Catholic HK Pre Shirley 165 Catholic University HK (Koehl & Huntington) @ Liberty 168 Catholic University JS (Shoupe & Jackson) @ Liberty 168 Catholic PS Aff 168 Catholic PS 169 Catholic PS Pre Shirley 172 Catholic University PS (Pope & Shoupe) @ Liberty 175 Central Oklahoma 178 Central Oklahoma BC Jennifer Belding & Andy Casey @ GSU 178 UCO BC @ Missouri State 179 Central Oklahoma DS Aff 181 Central Oklahoma DS Aff 181 Central Oklahoma DS 182 Univ. Central Oklahoma DS Aff. 183 UCO DS @ Missouri State 184 Central Oklahoma DS James Davis & Lindsey Shook @ GSU 185 UCO FS @ Missouri State 186 UCO HL @ Missouri State 187 UCO HW @ Missouri State 188 Clarion 190 Clarion University AD (Ryan Adamiak & David Durney) @ Richmond 190 Clarion DZ Aff 190 Clarion DZ 190 Clarion DZ 190 Clarion DZ Pre Shirley 191 Clarion University GN (Kelly Goodrich & Jamie Nicholson) @ Richmond 195 Clarion HN Aff 196 Clarion HN Aff 197 Clarion HN Pre Shirley 197 Concordia 202 Concordia ES 202 Concordia ES Aff 204 Concordia ES Aff 205 Concordia ES @ UNI 206 Concordia FF 206 Concordia FF 207 Concordia FF Pre Shirley 207 Concordia FF 1AC @ UNI 209 Cornell 211 Cornell CM @ Buffalo 211 Cornell LP @ Buffalo 212 Cornell RW @ Buffalo 213 Cornell KP @ Buffalo 214 Cornell MT 215 Cornell MT 215 Cornell MT Pre Shirley 216 Cornell MT Aff 219 CSU Fullerton 220 CSU Fullerton HP @ Gonzaga 220 CSU Fullerton HP @ Gonzaga 220 CSU Fullerton/Santa Cruz IK Matt Kennedy & sam iola @ GSU 222 CSU Fullerton/Santa Cruz IK Matt Kennedy & sam iola @ GSU 223 CSU Fullerton MM Aff 223 CSU Fullerton MM Luis Magallon & Brenda Montes @ GSU 227 CSU Fullerton MM @ Gonzaga 227 CSU Fullerton MM @ Gonzaga 227 Fullerton MP Aff 228 CSU Fullerton MP Aff 228 CSU- Fullerton MP Aff 229 CSU Fullerton MP Aff 230 Fullerton PM Aff 231 CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonzaga 231 Round 6: Aff VS. Whitman College GR 231 CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonz 231 CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonzaga 232 CSU Northridge 234 CSU Northridge CL @ Gonzaga 234 CSU Northridge CL @ Gonzaga 235 CUNY 236 CUNY--Mike Laspirilla &Timothy Pimble @ Buffalo 236 Dartmouth 237 Dartmouth BE @ Buffalo 237 Dartmouth BE (Caroline Brandt & Kate Eklin) @ Richmond 238 Dartmouth BM Aff 240 Dartmouth BM Aff 241 Dartmouth BM Aff 246 Dartmouth BM Pre Shirley 247 Dartmouth BM Aff 251 Dartmouth BM Hunter Brooks & David Marks @ GSU 252 Dartmouth CK @ Buffalo 254 Dartmouth CS Aff 255 Dartmouth CS Aff 258 Dartmouth CS Aff 259 Dartmouth CS Aff 263 Dartmouth CS 263 Dartmouth CS Pre Shirley 264 Dartmouth CS Aff 267 Dartmouth CS @ GSU 268 Dartmouth Clark/Smith Aff 271 Dartmouth CS Kathryn Clark & Brian Smith @ GSU 274 Dartmouth FT @ Buffalo 276 Dartmouth FT (John Fine & Jerome Tufte) @ Richmond 278 Dartmouth KO Pre Shirley 278 Dartmouth KO Josh Kernoff & Kade Olsen @ GSU 280 Denver 284 Denver EM Aff 284 Denver EM Pre Shirley 285 Denver EM Justin Eckstein & Logan Martin 288 Denver SW Aff 291 Denver SW 292 Denver SW 292 Denver SW 293 Denver SW Pre Shirley 295 Denver SW Sean Sargent & Tyler Warner @ GSU 298 Eastern New Mexico 303 Eastern New Mexico HW Aff 303 ENMU HW 303 Eastern New Mexico HW Aff 304 ENMU HW 304 Eastern New Mexico HW Aff 305 Eastern New Mexico HW Pre Shirley 305 ENMU AFF ROUND 2 AGAINST KU ST @ Wichita 307 Emory 311 Emory AM Ross Andre & Rob Mills @ GSU 311 Emory BI D Inamullah & Joe Bucciero @ GSU 314 Emory CL Aff 316 EMORY CL 318 Emory CL Aff 319 Emory CL Pre Shirley 320 Emory CL Aff 323 Emory CL Aff 328 Emory CL Aff 328 Emory CL Aff 331 Emory CL Roy Levkowitz & Steven Chaudoin 334 Emory FF Aff 337 Emory FF 338 Emory FF Mark Fruedenheim & Joel Fulton @ GSU 339 Emory GP Aff 339 Emory GP Aff 345 Emory GP Aff 347 Emory GP 348 Emory GP Pre Shirley 348 Emory GP @ Ky 354 Emory GT Tye Taveras & Josh Gwynn @ GSU 356 Emory HH Aff 356 Emory HH Aff 357 Emory HH 357 Emory HH Pre Shirley 357 Emory HH Aff 361 Emory HH Aff 362 Emory HH Julie Hoehn & Aimie Hamrie @ GSU 363 Emory HL Thi Lam & Sarah Hasazi @ GSU 369 Emory HS (Christina Hagan & Vickie Stipick) @ Richmond 371 Emory HS Christina Hagan & Vickie Stipick @ GSU 376 Emory MP Nicholas Miller & Pradeep Pramanick 376 Emory MS (Chapman Matis & Sally Strothers) @ Richmond 376 Emory MS 376 Emory MS Aff 378 Emory MS Chapman Matis & Sally Strothers @ GSU 380 Emory SS Aff 380 Emory SS Aff 381 Emory SS Aff 381 Emory SS Pre Shirley 382 Emory ScSu Plan @ GSU 382 Emory ScSu Chipp Schwabb & Chris Sun @ GSU 383 Emory StSu Nick Stabile & Cecelia Suh @ GSU 383 Emporia 384 EMPORIA COOK AND RIMMEY 1AC @ Wichita 384 Emporia CR @ UNI 387 Emporia State DN @ Missouri State 390 Emporia JM Taiwan Aff @ Wichita 392 Emporia MR Aff 397 Emporia State MR 398 Emporia State MR Aff 398 Emporia State MR 399 Emporia MR Pre Shirley 400 Emporia State TW @ Missouri State 403 Emporia ?????? Taiwan Aff @ UNI 404 Florida 408 Florida BC Aff 408 Florida BC Pre-Shirley 408 Florida BC Taiwan 410 Florida BC Brianna Coakley & Vince Binder 411 Florida WW Harris Westmoreland & Max Wolson @ GSU 413 Florida State 414 Florida State LS 414 Florida State LS Aff 414 Florida State LS Aff 415 Florida State LS 415 Florida State LS Pre Shirley 415 Florida State LS Sean Luechtefeld & Kimberly Stewart @ GSU 418 Florida State MR Daniel Moussatche & Nina Roque @ GSU 418 Florida state RR Aff 420 Florida State RR Aff 421 Florida State RR Pre Shirley 422 Fordham 425 Fordham--Marianne Pichuzhkina & Reggie Martin @ Buffalo 425 Fordham/Baruch VV Fordham--Jennifer Vasquez & Ashley Vega (Baruch)  @ Buffalo 426 Fort Hays 428 Fort Hays Pre Shirley 428 Fort Hays CM Aff 428 Fort Hays CM Aff 428 Fort Hays CM 429 Fort Hays cm Aff 429 Fort CM Aff 430 Fort Hayes CR Aff 430 Fort Hays cr Aff 430 Fort Hays cr 431 Fresno City 433 Fresno City College BY @ Gonzaga 433 Fresno City College BY @ Gonzaga 433 George Mason 434 George Mason ?? 434 George Mason FM Pre Shirley 435 George Mason GW 438 George Mason GW Pre Shirley 438 George Mason University GW (Grimm & Wagner) @ Liberty 440 George Mason CR (Clagett & Rosen) @ Liberty 441 George Mason GH (Salman Haider & Zack Golden) @ Liberty 442 George Mason KK (Kirkman & Kussman) @ Liberty 442 George Mason MP @ Richmond 442 George Mason University PM Aff 443 George Mason PM Aff 444 George Washington 446 GW FM Aff 446 George Washington FM Aff 446 George Washington FM Aff 447 George Washington FM 447 George Washington FK Pre Shirley 448 George Washington FK (Emma Kelly & Richard Fowler) @ Richmond 452 GW LW 458 George Washington LW Aff 459 George Washington LW Aff 464 George Washington LW Illuminati Aff 465 George Washington LW Pre Shirley 466 GWU LW Aff 472 George Washington LW Brett Wallace & Brian Linder@ GSU 473 Georgetown 477 Georgetown BG 477 Georgetown BG Aff 477 Georgetown BG Aff 478 Georgetown BG Pre Shirley 480 Georgetown GS Aff Cites: Kings 484 Georgetown MO 489 Georgetown MO Aff 490 Georgia 495 Georgia BS (Bhatt & Schmidt) @ Liberty 495 Georgia CM Aff 495 Georgia CM Pre Shirley 496 Georgia CM Aff 500 Georgia CM Roi Ceren & Duncan Meisel 502 Georgia CR Aff 505 Georgia CR Aff 511 Georgia CR Aff 513 Georgia CR Pre Shirley 514 Georgia CR Brent Culpepper & Kevin Rabinowitz @ GSU 521 Georgia DM 522 Georgia DM 523 Georgia DM Aff 528 Georgia DM Aff 532 Georgia DM Pre Shirley 533 Georgia DM Aff 541 Georgia DM Aff 542 Georgia DM Aff Rnd 3 GSU 546 Georgia DM Spencer Diamond & Todd Mitchell @ GSU 549 Georgia GS 551 Georgia GS Adam Grellinger & Adam Schmidt @ GSU 554 Georgia State 558 Georgia State AC Sam Alejos & Andy Chung @ GSU 558 Georgia State AS Aff 558 Georgia State AS 558 Georgia State AS Pre Shirley 559 Georgia State FL 561 Georgia State FL Pre Shirley 561 Georgia State FL @ Gonzaga 563 Georgia State FL @ Gonzaga 565 Georgia State SW @ Gonzaga 565 Georgia State SW @ Gonzaga 565 Gonzaga 567 Gonzaga DW Pre Shirley 567 Gonzaga DW (Ben Dodds & Jon Williamson) @ Richmond 569 Gonzaga BH 570 Gonzaga BH Aff 570 Gonzaga BH Pre Shirley 572 Gonzaga BH @ Gonzaga 574 Gonzaga BH @ Gonzaga 574 Gonzaga DW 574 Gonzaga DW Aff 578 Gonzaga DW 579 Gonzaga DW @ Gonzaga 581 Gonzaga DW @ Gonzaga 582 Harvard 589 Harvard AR Aff 589 Harvard AR 591 Harvard AR Eli Anders & Tripp Rebrovick @ GSU 591 Harvard DL Pre Shirley (Via MSU) 592 Harvard DL 593 Harvard DL Dan Luxemburg & Anusha Deshpande @ GSU 594 Harvard DL Dan Luxemburg & Anusha Deshpande @ GSU 594 Harvard KM Aff 595 Harvard KM Aff 598 Harvard KM Aff 604 Harvard KM Aff 605 Harvard KM Pre Shirley 609 Harvard KM @ Kentucky 618 Harvard KM @ Ky RR 625 Harvard KM Aff 629 HARVARD KM VS EMORY CL Neg 629 Harvard KM 631 Harvard KM Aff 633 Harvard KM Michael Klinger & Nikhil Mirchandani @ GSU 638 Harvard KM 642 Harvard KM Michael Klinger & Nikhil Mirchandani 645 Harvard MP 645 Harvard MP Aff 647 Harvard MP 647 Harvard MP Pre Shirley 653 Harvard KP Kavita Kannan & Ralph Paone @ GSU 655 Idaho State 656 Idaho State BK Aff 656 Idaho State BK Pre Shirley 657 Idaho State BK @ Gonzaga 659 Idaho State BK @ Gonzaga 659 Idaho State DY 659 Idaho State DY Aff 660 Idaho State DY Pre Shirley 663 Idaho State DY @ Harvard 663 Idaho State DY @ Gonzaga 666 Idaho State DY @ Gonzaga 666 Idaho State FR @ Gonzaga 667 Idaho State FR @ Gonzaga 667 Iowa 668 Iowa BK Sam Korab & Jared Bazzell @ GSU 668 Iowa LS 671 Iowa LS Pre Shirley 671 Iowa LS – Aff (IPR) – GSU – Round 1 – vs. Wake Forest MR 677 Iowa LS 683 Iowa LS Todd Lantz & Brian Severson @ GSU 687 Iowa PR Aff 693 Iowa PR Pre Shirley 694 Iowa PR Jordan Pomeranz & Matt Roberts 698 Iowa (All Teams) @ UNI 698 James Madison 702 James Madison GL Aff 702 James Madison GL Aff 702 James Madison GL Pre Shirley 703 JMU GY 708 James Madison GY Aff 709 James Madison GY Pre Shirley 709 James Madison GY Alex Gonzales-Black & Corey Yarbrough @ GSU 710 James Madison GY (Gonzales-Black & Yarbrough) @ Liberty 712 John Carroll 714 John Carroll U FG 714 John Carroll FG Pre Shirley 714 John Carroll FG Matt Gayetsky & Tasha Forchione @ GSU 716 John Carroll FG (Forchione & Gayetsky) @ Liberty 717 John Carroll MS (Chris Schroeder & Sean McClure) @ Liberty 718 Inherency 718 Johnson County 720 Johnson County BP @ Missouri State 720 Kansas 721 Kansas BL Aff 721 Kansas BL Aff 724 Kansas BL Aff 725 Kansas BL Pre Shirley 727 Kansas BL 732 Kansas BL Lindsey Lathrop & Brett Bricker @ GSU 733 Kansas BU @ UNI 735 Kansas CJ Aff 737 Kansas CJ Aff 739 Kansas CJ Pre Shirley 744 Kansas CJ aff @ Ky RR 745 Kansas CJ @ GSU 753 Kansas CJ Matthew Cormack & Andrew Jennings @ GSU 757 Kansas CJ @ UNI 761 Kansas CJ @ UNI 765 Kansas JW Aff 765 Kansas JW Aff 766 Kansas JW Aff 766 Kansas JW 768 Kansas JW Pre Shirley 774 Kansas JW Aff 781 Kansas JW Nate Johnson & Jonathan Wright @ GSU 782 KANSAS JW- nate johnson & Jon wright @ UNI 787 Kansas KP @ Missouri State 792 Kansas KP (Aff) @ UNI 794 Kansas SS @ Missouri State 796 Kansas ST @ Missouri State 798 KANSAS ST AFF @ Wichita 800 Kansas State 804 KANSAS STATE AFFIRMATIVE @ Wichita 804 Kansas State AF @ Missouri State 810 Kansas State ER @ Missouri State 812 Kansas State LL @ Missouri State 814 Kansas State RS @ Missouri State 815 Kansas State University SZ Aff 817 Kansas State SZ Pre Shirley 817 Kansas State @ UNI 819 KCKCC 822 KCKCC ALL TEAMS @ Wichita 822 KCKCC BL @ Missouri State 824 KCKCC CL @ Missouri State 825 KCKCC MT @ Missouri State 829 Kentucky 831 Kentucky GG Aff 831 Kentucky GG Aff 831 Kentucky GG Pre Shirley 832 Kentucky GG Suneet Gautam & Bryan Gort @ GSU 834 Kentucky JS 834 Kentucky JS Aff 837 Kentucky JS Aff 838 Kentucky JS Pre Shirley 838 Kentucky JT Angelo Theodosopoulos & Mike Jones @ GSU 841 Kings 844 Kings College AD (Mitch Arnold & Joe Deegan) @ Liberty 844 King’s @ Buffalo 846 LACC 849 LACC MM Aff 849 LACC MM 849 LACC MM Pre-Shirley 851 Liberty 854 Liberty University BH (Erin Beard & Rachel Hassenpflug) @ Richmond 854 Liberty BM Uyigers aff 856 Liberty University BM (Tabetha Bryant & Nate Milton) @ Richmond 857 Liberty University CK (Amanda Costa & Glen Koch) @ Richmond 860 Liberty CK Aff 864 Liberty CK Aff 865 Liberty CK Pre Shirley 866 Liberty CK 869 Liberty CK Amanda Costa & Glen Koch @ GSU 870 Liberty DD 873 Liberty University DH (Spencer Drake & Garrett Halydier) @ Richmond 874 Liberty HH Pre Shirley 874 Liberty University HH (Lindsey Hoban & Melissa Hurter) @ Richmond 876 Liberty HH Lindsey Hoban & Melissa Hurter @ GSU 879 Liberty University HT (Jenni Thurman & Erica Heerschap) @ Richmond 881 Liberty University HW (Ashley Weyand & Tiffany Herring) @ Richmond 882 Long Beach 884 Long Beach FL @ Gonzaga 884 Long Beach FL @ Gonzaga 884 Louisville 885 Louisville @ Army 885 Louisville Aff 886 Louisville BG 887 Louisville BG Pre Shirley 888 Louisville BG – Africa Trade 889 Louisville BG Stacy Bradley & Arayfael Guillemet @ GSU 889 Louisville CW Aff 890 Louisville CM 891 Louisville CM Pre Shirley 891 Louisville CM Deven Cooper & Shauntrice Martin @ GSU 891 Louisville IR 891 Louisville MS Stephanie Mitchell & Lucie Small @ GSU 893 Macalester 894 Macalester HW Aff 894 Macalester HW 894 Macalester HW Aff 894 Macalester HW Pre Shirley 895 Marist 897 Marist AK Aff 897 Marist AK Aff 899 Marist AK Aff 900 Marist AK 900 Marist AK Pre Shirley 901 Marist AK - Chris Kozak and Chris Arena @ Buffalo 903 Mary Washington 905 Mary Washington (Univ of) BO (Leslie Ogburn & Slade Bond) @ Richmond 905 Mary Washington BO (Bond & Ogburn) @ Liberty 910 Mary Washington BO Slade Bond & Leslie Ogburn @ GSU 913 Mary Washington BR Pre Shirley 913 Mary Washington (Univ of) BS (Scott Berry & Matt Struth) @ Richmond 915 Mary Washington BS Matt Struth & Scott Berry 921 Mary Washington (Univ of) CH (Dorrier Coleman & Nicole Halloran) @ Richmond 924 Mary Washington CH Nicole Halloran & Dorrier Coleman @ GSU 929 Mary Washington CS (Collins & Struth) @ Liberty 929 Mary Washington CR 933 Mary Washington CV William Collins & Rebecca Voglewede @ GSU 934 Mary Washington JW Aff 934 Mary Washington JW Aff 935 Mary Washington JW Pre Shirley 935 Mary Washington JW Leslie Wyatt & Sean Jansen @ GSU 940 Mary Washington (Univ of) LM (Brian Leon & Katie Mason) @ Richmond 944 Mary Washington LM (Brian Leon & Katie Mason) @ Liberty 949 Mary Washington (Univ of) LM (Kate Leboeuf & Jason Martin) @ Richmond 951 Mary Washington LM Aff 953 Mary Washington LM Jason Martin & Kate Leboeuf @ GSU 954 Mary Washington (Univ of) RS (Jennifer Rollman & Cory Struble) @ Richmond 956 Mary Washington RS (Rollman & Struble) @ Liberty 961 Mary Washington RS Jennifer Rollman & Cory Struble @ GSU 964 Mary Washington RS Jennifer Rollman & Cory Struble @ GSU 968 Mary Washington (Univ of) SV (Justin Simeone & Rebecca Voglewede) @ Richmond 968 Mary Washington SV (Simeone & Voglewede) @ Liberty 973 Mary Washington (Univ of) WR (Nick Ryan & Clint Woods) @ Richmond 977 Mary Washington WR Aff 984 Mary Washington WR Clint Woods & Nick Ryan @ GSU 985 Mary Washington WS 990 Mary Washington WS Aff 996 Mary Washington WS Aff 996 Mary Washington WS Pre Shirley 998 Mercer 1007 Mercer EP Nadia Paul & Erica Eaton 1007 Mercer WS Paul spira & Sarah Wright @ GSU 1007 Methodist 1009 Methodist College DH (Sadie Herndon & Dionne Drakes) @ Richmond 1009 Macalester 1013 Macalester @ UNI 1013 Miami 1016 Miami (Florida) GY Tiffany Yelder & Christina Guzman @ GSU 1016 Miami (Florida) ST Stephanie Torre & Stephen Sinclair @ GSU 1016 Miami (Flordia) ST Aff 1016 Miami Ohio 1018 Miami GV Aff 1018 Miami GV Pre Shirley 1018 Miami MW Aff 1025 Miami MW Aff 1026 Miami MW Pre Shirley 1026 Miami (Ohio) MY Michael Maffie & Jason Young @ GSU 1033 Miami @ UNI 1035 Michigan 1037 Michigan FK 1037 Michigan FK Aff 1038 Michigan FK 1040 Michigan FK Pre Shirley 1042 Michigan University FK Adam Farra & Dylan Keenan @ GSU 1048 Michigan VJ Aff 1053 Michigan VJ Aff 1054 Michigan JV Pre Shirley 1054 Michigan JV Aff 1057 Michigan JV Aff 1058 Michigan University JV Brandi Villarreal & Justin Joque @ GSU 1059 Michigan @ UNI 1062 Michigan (Aff) vs. Augustana (NEG) @ UNI 1063 Michigan Dearborn 1065 Michian Dearborn FS Aff 1065 Michigan Dearborn FS Pre Shirley 1065 Michigan State 1068 MSU AR Aff 1068 MSU AR Aff 1068 Michigan State AR Aff 1069 MSU AR Pre Shirley 1069 Michigan State Univ. AR Garrett Abelkop & Andrea Reed @ GSU 1072 Michigan State BH Aff 1072 Michigan State BH Aff 1074 MSU BH Aff 1075 Michigan State BH Aff 1077 MSU BH Pre Shirley 1080 MSU BH @ Ky 1104 MSU BH @ Ky RR 1107 MSU BH 1AC @ GSU 1114 MSU BH Aff 1119 MSU BH Aff 1121 Michigan State Univ. BH Ryan Burke & Casey Harrigan @ GSU 1125 Michigan State Univ. BH Ryan Burke & Casey Harrigan @ GSU 1128 Michigan State University BH Aff 1128 MSU BR 1132 Michigan State Univ. BR Amit Bindra & Varsha Ramakrishnan @ GSU 1134 Michigan State DT Aff 1134 Michigan State DT Aff 1135 Michigan State DT Aff 1137 MSU DT Pre Shirley 1141 MSU DT Aff 1145 Michigan State Univ. DT Jimi Durkee & Jillian Tietjen @ GSU 1150 MSU LR Aff 1153 MSU LR Aff 1154 Michigan State LR Aff 1156 MSU LR Pre Shirley 1157 Michigan State Univ. LR Debbie Lai & Caitlin Ryan @ GSU 1157 Missouri 1158 Mizzou PT @ Missouri State 1158 Missouri State 1160 Missouri State Affirmative @ Wichita 1160 Missouri BM Aff 1165 Missouri state BM Aff 1168 Missouri St BM Aff 1168 Missouri State BM Aff 1171 Missouri State BM Aff 1174 Missouri State Bostick/Mapes Pre Shirley 1177 Missouri State Bostick/Mapes @ Ky 1183 Missouri State BM Aff 1185 Missouri St BM Aff 1186 Missouri State BM Michael Mapes & Matthias Bostick @ GSU 1186 Missouri State BoMa @ UNI 1188 Missouri State CK @ Missouri State 1190 Missouri State CP – @ Wichita 1191 Missouri State JW Aff 1196 Missouri State JW Aff 1196 Missouri State JW 1197 Missouri State JW Pre Shirley 1197 Missouri State JW Aff 1200 Missouri State JW @ UNI 1201 Missouri State KO Aff 1202 Missourit State KO Pre Shirley 1204 Missouri State KO @ GSU 1207 Mo ST KO Round 1 GSU 1212 Missouri State KO Mike Kearney & Martin Osborn @ GSU 1214 Missouri State KO @ UNI 1216 Missouri State MW Aff 1218 Missouri State MW Aff 1219 Missouri State MW Pre Shirley 1221 Missouri State MW @ GSU 1223 Missouri State MW Caleb Messer & Sheena Walters @ GSU 1225 Missouri State MeWa vs. @ UNI 1225 Missouri State PT @ Missouri State 1225 Missouri State RM @ Missouri State 1226 Navy 1231 Navy FS Aff 1231 Navy FS 1232 Navy FS Aff 1233 Navy FS Pre Shirley 1235 New School 1236 New School-Casey Armstrong & Joe Radosevich @ Buffalo 1236 Northern Iowa 1237 Northern Iowa BL @ Missouri State 1237 Northern Iowa HM @ Missouri State 1238 Northern Iowa PR @ Missouri State 1239 Northern Illinios 1242 NIU PW @ UNI 1242 North Texas 1243 NORTH TEXAS @ Wichita 1243 North Texas AP Aff 1245 North Texas AP Aff 1245 UNT AP Aff 1246 North Texas AP Aff 1246 North Texas AP Pre Shirley 1247 UNT CS Aff 1252 UNT CS 1254 North Texas CS Pre Shirley 1254 North Texas CS @ Gonzaga 1258 North Texas CS @ Gonzaga 1259 Northwestern 1262 Northwestern BrCH Aff 1262 Northwestern BrCh Aff 1263 Northwestern BrCh 1265 Northwestern BrCH Aff 1265 Northwestern BrCH Aff 1266 Northwestern BrCh 1268 Northwestern BrCh 1269 Northwestern BrCh Pre Shirley 1270 Northwestern BrCH Aff 1273 NORTHWESTERN BrCh –VS WAKE CH @ GSU 1276 NORTHWESTERN BrCh –VS EMORY CL @ GSU 1279 NORTHWESTERN BrCh –VS MSU BH @ gsu 1281 Northwestern BrCh Aff 1286 Northwestern BrCh Josh Branson & Noah Chestnut @ GSU 1288 Northwestern BrCr Aff 1290 Northwestern BrCr Aff 1291 Northwestern BrCr 1292 Northwestern BrCr Pre Shirley 1293 NWestern BrCr 1297 Northwestern BrCr Aff 1298 Northwestern Bruce/Crichton Aff 1299 Northwestern BrCr Caitlin Bruce & Stuart Crichton @ GSU 1301 Northwestern BH Charley Boynton & Mark Hammervold @ GSU 1303 Northwestern BM Nathan Baum & Robbie Mulholland @ GSU 1304 Northwestern BW 1306 Northwestern BW Aff 1307 Northwesten BW 1307 Northwestern BW Pre Shirley 1309 Northwestern BW Aff 1316 Northwestern BW Zach Brown & John Warden @ GSU 1318 Northwestern CT Connor Cameron & Sasha Tuzel @ GSU 1320 NU DD Aff 1322 Northwestern DD Aff 1323 Northwestern DD Aff 1326 Northwestern DD Aff 1327 Northwestern DD Pre Shirley 1329 Northwestern DD Avery Dale & Geoff Derrick @ GSU 1333 Northwestern DD Avery Dale & Geoff Derrick @ GSU 1335 Northwestern HS Rachel Haig & Ravi Shankar @ GSU 1335 NYU 1338 New York Univ. BP (Whitney Brown & Timothy Pimble) @ Richmond 1338 New York Univ. FM (Nick Felice & Jenn Messina) @ Richmond 1339 NYU JM 1340 New York Univ. JM (Jivaji More & David Judd) @ Richmond 1341 Oklahoma 1343 Oklahoma BH @ UNI 1343 Oklahoma CJ Aff 1343 Oklahoma CJ Aff 1344 Oklahoma CJ 1344 Oklahoma CJ 1346 Oklahoma CJ Pre Shirley 1347 Oklahoma CJ Blake Johnson & Conor Cleary @ GSU 1348 Oklahoma DH @ Missouri State 1349 Oklahoma DH @ UNI 1349 Oklahoma HM @ Missouri State 1350 Oklahoma JL @ Missouri State 1350 Oklahoma JL @ UNI 1351 Oklahoma LS 1352 Oklahoma LS @ GSU 1354 Oklahoma LS @ GSU 1356 Oklahoma MT 1356 Oklahoma PS @ Missouri State 1356 Oklahoma SS @ Missouri State 1357 Oregon 1359 Oregon PS Aff 1359 Oregon PS 1359 Oregon PS Pre Shirley 1360 Oregon PS Jeannette Schaller & Israel Pastrana @ GSU 1361 Pace 1364 Pace University LT (Willie Langley & Thierry Turene) @ Richmond 1364 Pepperdine 1367 Pepperdine SW Aff 1367 Pepperdine SW Pre Shirley 1367 Pepperdine SW @ Gonzaga 1371 Pepperdine SW @ Gonzaga 1373 Pittsburgh 1374 Pittsburgh FW Aff 1374 Pittsburgh FW Aff 1374 Pitt FW Aff 1375 Pitt FW 1377 Pittsburgh FW (Melina Forte & David Weston) @ Richmond 1380 Pittsburgh GR (Guy Risko & Lissa Geiger) @ Richmond 1382 Pittsburgh GR (Geiger & Risko) @ Liberty 1384 Pittsburgh HW Pre Shirley 1384 Pittsburgh HK (John Karlovic & Inayat Ali Hemani) @ Richmond 1386 Pittsburgh KM (Karlovic & Maldonado) @ Liberty 1387 Piedmont 1388 Piedmont College BW Clinton Barlow & Clark Williams @ GSU 1388 Piedmont/Miami IT @ GSU 1389 Puget Sound 1390 Puget Sound BH @ Gonzaga 1390 Puget Sound BH @ Gonzaga 1390 Puget Sound CS 1390 Puget Sound CS Aff 1391 Puget Sound CS Aff 1391 Pugent Sound CS Aff 1394 Puget Sound CS Pre Shirley 1395 Puget Sound CS @ Gonzaga 1399 Puget Sound CS @ Gonzaga 1399 Puget Sound JV @ Gonzaga 1399 Puget Sound JV @ Gonzaga 1399 Puget Sound MW @ Gonzaga 1400 Puget Sound MW @ Gonzaga 1400 Redlands 1401 Redlands HW 1401 Redlands HW Aff 1402 Redlands HW Aff 1403 Redlands HW 1403 Redlands HW @ Gonzaga 1404 Redlands HW @ Gonzaga 1404 Redlands SZ 1407 Redlands SZ Aff 1408 Redlands SZ Pre Shirley 1410 Redlands SZ @ Gonzaga 1413 Redlands SZ @ Gonzaga 1413 Redlands WW Pre Shirley 1414 Richmond 1418 Richmond AC Andrea Adams & John Calhoun @ Richmond 1418 Richmond AD (Adams & Donohue) @ Liberty 1419 Richmond BC Aff 1420 Richmond BC Aff 1421 Richmond BC 1423 Richmond BC Pre Shirley 1424 Richmond (Univ. of R) BC (Matt Bodnar & Joe Chicvak) @ Richmond 1429 Richmond BC (Bodnar & Chicvak) @ Liberty 1438 Richmond (Univ. of R) DS (Rada Dogandjieva & Brett Smith) @ Richmond 1440 Richmond DS (Dogandjieva & Smith) @ Liberty 1442 Richmond (Univ. of R) HS (Flemming Schneider & Lee Hoyle) @ Richmond 1443 Richmond LW 1443 Richmond LW 1445 Richmond (Univ. of R) LW (Liz Lauzon & JJ Ward) @ Richmond @ Richmond 1447 Richmond (Univ. of R) MM (Zak Miller & Harlan Michelle) @ Richmond 1447 Richmond MM (Michele & Miller) @ Liberty 1449 Richmond (Univ. of R) MR (Andrew Ryan & David Marquardt) @ Richmond 1449 Richmond MR 1449 Richmond MS (Schneider & Marquardt) @ Liberty 1451 Richmond MW (Lee Wells & Kate Mellinger) @ Liberty 1451 Richmond SS 1451 Richmond SS Pre Shirley 1452 Richmond SS Aff 1457 Richmond SS 1457 Richmond SS Nehal Shah & Ryan Smith @ GSU 1459 Richmond SS 1460 Richmond SS @ Gonzaga 1462 Richmond SS @ Gonzaga 1463 Rochester 1464 Rochester AC, @ Buffalo 1464 Rochester AR @ Buffalo 1465 Rochester AV, @ Buffalo 1467 Rochester BL, @ Buffalo 1468 Rochester BM, @ Buffalo 1470 Rochester CG, @ Buffalo 1471 Rochester ChMa, @ Buffalo 1473 Rochester ChMe, @ Buffalo 1474 Rochester IS, @ Buffalo 1476 Rochester KN Aff 1478 Rochester KN Pre Shirley 1478 Rochester KN @ Buffalo 1480 Rochester LW Aff 1481 Rochester LW Aff 1483 Rochester LW 1483 Rochester LW Pre Shirley 1484 Rochester ST @ Buffalo 1488 Rochester SW @ Buffalo 1489 Rochester WW @ Buffalo 1493 Samford 1495 Samford AW 1495 Samford AW 1495 Samford AW Pre Shirley 1496 Samford AW Nick Agnello & John Wilkerson @ GSU 1502 Samford BS 1505 Samford BS 1505 Samford BS Pre Shirley 1506 Samford BS 1508 Samford BS Clark Bowers & Ashley Streat @ GSU 1512 Samford MR Aff. 1514 Samford MR Aff 1515 Samford MR Aff 1515 Samford MR Pre Shirley 1516 Samford MR 1522 Samford MR Chad Macumber & Erin Ramsey @ GSU 1524 San Francisco State 1525 San Francisco State MN @ Gonzaga 1525 San Francisco State MN @ Gonzaga 1525 Southern California 1526 USC BI Aff 1526 Southern cal BI Aff 1526 Southern California BI 1528 Southern California BI Pre Shirley 1529 Southern California BI @ Gonzaga 1536 Southern California BI @ Gonzaga 1536 Southern California FV @ Gonzaga 1539 Southern California FV @ Gonzaga 1540 USC JS Aff 1540 Southern Cal JS Aff 1543 Southern Cal JS Aff 1544 Southern California JS Pre Shirley 1544 Southern California JS @ Gonzaga 1549 Southern California JS @ Gonzaga 1549 Southern California LN Aff 1549 USC LN Aff 1553 Southern California LN 1554 Southern California LN Pre Shirley 1555 Southern California LN @ Gonzaga 1556 Southern California LN @ Gonzaga 1556 Stanford 1557 Stanford LL AFF 1557 Stanford LL 1557 Stanford LL Pre Shirley 1558 Stanford LM Aff 1559 Stanford LM Aff 1560 Stanford LM 1560 Stanford LM Pre Shirley 1561 Texas-Austin 1562 TEXAS AFF @ Wichita 1562 TEXAS AFFIRMATIVE @ Wichita 1565 Texas DJ Aff 1569 Texas DJ 1571 Texas DJ 1572 Texas DJ Pre Shirley 1572 Texas DJ Aff @ Kentucky 1574 Texas DT 1575 TEXAS DT AFF 1577 Texas DT 1578 Texas DT Pre Shirley 1580 Texas SS Aff 1604 Texas (Austin) SS @ Gonzaga 1605 Texas (Austin) SS @ Gonzaga 1606 Texas-Dallas 1610 Texas-Dallas AL Aff 1610 Texas-Dallas AL Aff 1610 UT Dallas AL Pre Shirley 1611 UTD CS Aff 1612 UT Dallas CS Aff 1613 UT Dallas CS Aff 1614 UT Dallas CS Pre Shirley 1615 UT Dallas GS Pre Shirley 1618 Texas Dallas Affirmative @ Wichita 1620 UTDallas GSchweitzer @ Wichita 1623 UT-Dallas @ UNI 1625 Texas-San Antonio 1630 UTSA AP @ Missouri State 1630 UTSA RR @ Missouri State 1631 UTSA RR @ UNI 1631 Towson 1633 Towson AB (Andrespok & Bako) @ Liberty 1633 Towson AW (Ashlee Avery & Nicole Wheeler) @ Richmond 1635 Towson AW (Avery & Wheeler) @ Liberty 1638 Towson BP (Iman Brickus & Normunds Pelnens) @ Richmond 1640 Towson BP (Brickus & Pelnens) @ Liberty 1644 Towson DL Aff 1647 Towson DL Aff 1648 Towson DL 1648 Towson DL Pre Shirley 1648 Towson DL (Love & Diggs) @ Liberty 1649 Towson HS Aff 1651 Towson HS Pre Shirley 1651 Towson HS (Camelia Hostinar & Simonida Subotic) @ Richmond 1653 Towson HS (Hostinar & Subotic) @ Liberty 1654 Trinity 1655 Trinity BR Aff 1655 Trinity BR Aff 1655 Trinity BR Aff 1656 Trinity BR Pre Shirley 1656 Trinity ML 1658 Trinity ML Aff 1659 Trinity ML Aff 1661 Trinity ML Aff 1662 Trinity ML Pre Shirley 1664 Trinity University ML (Shannon Lynch & Luke MacDowall) @ Richmond 1665 UMKC 1667 UMKC DS @ Missouri State 1667 UMKC FR Aff 1667 UMKC FR 1667 UMKC FR Pre Shirley 1668 UMKC FR @ Wichita 1670 UMKC FR Affirmative @ UNI 1672 UMKC GR @ Missouri State 1674 UMKC HM @ Missouri State 1674 UMKC HS @ Missouri State 1674 UMKC HW @ Missouri State 1675 UMKC JS @ Missouri State 1676 UMKC RS @ Missouri State 1677 Vanderbilt 1679 Vanderbilt RR Phil Rappmund & Katie Ryzoc @ GSU 1679 Vermont 1681 Vermont AK @ Buffalo 1681 Vermont BP @ Buffalo 1682 Vermont BT @ Buffalo 1682 Vermont CC @ Buffalo 1684 Vermont CW @ Buffalo 1685 Vermont HL Aff 1686 Vermont HL Pre Shirley 1689 Vermont HL @ Buffalo 1693 Vermont HLR @ Buffalo 1693 Vermont JL @ Buffalo 1695 Vermont KH Aff 1696 Vermont KH Aff 1697 Vermont KH 1698 Vermont KH Pre Shirley 1699 Vermont KH @ Buffalo 1702 Vermont KW @ Buffalo 1704 Wake Forest 1707 Wake Forest CH Jamie Carroll & Brad Hall @ GSU 1707 WAKE FOREST CH VS HARVARD KM @ GSU 1714 Wake Forest CP Seungwon Chun & Forrest Pearce @ GSU 1718 Wake Forest CI (Colin Crawford & Shawn Isinhue) @ Richmond 1722 Wake Forest GS Elizabeth Gedmark & Chris Sedelmyer @ GSU 1723 Wake Forest GL Seth Gannon & Alex Lamballe @ GSU 1725 Wake Forest HS (O.D. Hobeika & Lauren Sabino) @ Richmond 1726 Wake Forest HS O.D. Hobeika & Lauren Sabino @ GSU 1729 Wake Forest IN Shawn Isinhue & Rohit Nath @ GSU 1730 Wake Forest IT (Isinhue & Tedrow) @ Liberty 1731 Wake Forest IZ (Matt Irvine & Kurt Zemlicka) @ Richmond 1731 Wake Forest IZ Matt Irvine & Kurt Zemlicka @ GSU 1734 Wake Forest KP J.T. Kittrell & John Patten @ GSU 1736 Wake Forest MR (Morris & Ridley) @ Liberty 1739 Wake Forest MR Peter Morris & Sean Ridley @ GSU 1740 Wake Forest OR (Mike Ochoa & Claire Reifsnyder) @ Richmond 1743 Wake Forest OR Mike Ochoa & Claire Reifsnyder @ GSU 1747 Wayne State 1751 Wayne State BR @ UNI 1751 Wayne State ET Pre Shirley 1753 Wayne ST ET Aff 1758 Wayne State ET @ UNI 1759 Wayne St. FM 1765 Wayne FM Aff 1766 Wayne State FM 1767 Wayne State FM Pre Shirley 1769 Wayne State FM Gabe Murillo & Matt Farmer @ GSU 1771 Wayne State KV Neal Valley & Michele Kesling @ GSU 1773 Wayne State MS 1775 Wayne State MS Pre Shirley 1776 Wayne State MS @ UNI 1776 Wayne St. PN @ UNI 1777 Weber State 1781 Weber CD Pre Shirley 1781 Weber State CD @ Gonzaga 1784 Weber State CD @ Gonzaga 1785 Weber State Univ. HO (Paige Huff & George Ortiz) @ Richmond 1786 Weber State OT @ Gonzaga 1788 Weber State OT @ Gonzaga 1788 Western Illinois 1789 Western Illinois HW Aff 1789 WIU HW 1789 WIU HW Pre Shirley 1790 Western Illinois HW @ Missouri State 1794 WIU OH @ UNI 1796 West Georgia 1800 West GA DE 1800 West Georgia DE Aff 1800 West Georgia DE Aff 1801 West Georgia DE 1801 West Georgia DE Pre Shirley 1802 West Georgia EG Rob Eback & Joseph Greathouse @ GSU 1803 West GA LM Aff 1805 West Georgia LM Aff 1806 West Georgia LM Aff 1808 West Georgia LM Aff 1811 WGA LM Aff 1814 West Georgia MS Zak Schaller & Jadon Marianetti @ GSU 1815 West Georgia MS @ GSU 1816 West Viginia 1818 West Virginia @ Buffalo 1818 Whitman AH 1819 Whitman College AH @ Gonzaga 1819 Whitman College AH @ Gonzaga 1819 Whitman BM Aff 1821 Whitman BM Aff 1821 Whitman BM Pre Shirley 1822 Whitman College BM @ Gonzaga 1824 Whitman College BM @ Gonzaga 1826 Whitman CM 1826 Whitman CM Aff 1826 Whitman CM Pre Shirley 1832 Whitman College CM @ Gonzaga 1836 Whitman College CM @ Gonzaga 1837 Whitman College GR @ Gonzaga 1837 Whitman College GR @ Gonzaga 1837 Whitman College KS @ Gonzaga 1837 Whitman College KS @ Gonzaga 1837 Whitman RS Aff 1840 Whitman RS Pre Shirley 1842 Whitman College RS @ Gonzaga 1846 Whitman College RS @ Gonzaga 1847 Whitman SS Aff 1851 Whitman SS Aff 1852 Whitman SS Pre Shirley 1854 Whitman SS Aff 1859 Whitman College SS @ Gonzaga 1860 Whitman College SS @ Gonzaga 1862 Wichita 1863 Wichita State CS Aff 1863 Wichita State CS Aff 1863 Wichita St. CS 1864 Wichita State CS Aff 1865 Wichita CS Pre Shirley 1865 Wichita State CS @ Missouri State 1870 Wyoming 1874 Wyoming ?? @ Wake 1874 Wyoming CD Aff 1874 Wyoming CD Aff 1876 Wyoming CD Aff 1876 Wyoming CD Aff 1880 Wyoming CD 1881 Wyoming CD Pre Shirley 1881 Wyoming CD Aff 1890 Wyoming CD Chris Crowe & Brian DeLong @ GSU 1890 Wyoming CL Aff 1894 Wyoming CL 1895 Wyoming CL Pre Shirley 1898 Wyoming CL Travis Cram & Aaron Lyttle @ GSU 1907 Wyoming GW @ Gonzaga 1907 Wyoming GW @ Gonzaga 1907 Wyoming JR Danielle Jensen & Jess Ryan @ GSU 1908 Wyoming JS Aff 1908 Wyoming JS Aff 1912 Wyoming JS 1913 Wyoming JS 1915 Wyoming JS Pre Shirley 1918 Wyoming PV @ Gonzaga 1924 Wyoming PV @ Gonzaga 1924 zzUnknown 1931 Mystery Team @ UNI 1931 Alabama Alabama BP Aff Round #8 Shirley Classic Vs. Trinity LM Judged by: Paul Hood Plan Text: Same as in Bk. T Econ. Pressure Restricitons are sanctions that apply econ. pressure & threaten future trade embargoes Stringer Discussion Papers in Diplomacy pp. 15 “They . . Council Resolutions.” Econ. pressure is defined as sanctions, trade wars, or economic warfeare – this includes threats Pape ’97 (Fall ’97, Int’l Security, Vol. 22, Issue 2) “States use . . . trade war.” Reasons to Prefer Predictable limits – only cases that levy sanctions are topical Threats are normal means for econ. pressure Parker ’00 (Winter ’00 Michigan Journal of International Laqw) “Indeed, therat . . succeed).” No Ground Loss Raico ’98 (Intro., Journal of Libertarian Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 135-6) “The . . world.” A2 Diplo Pressure Plan would involve diplomacy Econ. DA Non-Unique: Sanctions don’t destroy in S.Quo, Threat of sanctiosn induces reforms w/o jeapordizing other aspects of rels. NYTIMES ‘97 “The threat . . ventures.” Maintenance of property rights key to econ. productivity Hoppe ’04 (Elgar Companion to the Economics of Private Property, pp. 10) “Moreover, hegemony . . increased.” Hoppe ’04 (Elgar Companion to the Economics of Private Property, pp. 10) “Nonetheless, by . . decline.” Alabama BP Aff Round 3 Shirley vs Team: Pitt HW Judge: Jim Lyle Plan Text PLAN: The United States federal government should restrict the access to visas for citizens of the People’s Republic of china by developing the power to issue them directly to American landowners who will be legally responsible for the conduct of whomever entry is granted to so long the entrant does not own land in America. We’ll clarify. 1ac w/ cites 1AC – Contention 1 – Red Spread The attenuation of the absolute right to property is responsible for a systemic socialist transformation within the U.S., enslaving the individual to the collectivist agenda of the state. Walter E. Williams, John M. Olin Distingsuihed Professor of Economics @ George Mason University., July 28 2004, Socialism is Evil, Townhall.com http://www.townhall.com/columnists/walterwilliams/ww20040728.shtml “What is socialism?...condemnation.” In particular, governmental immigration management renders all property unto the state and represents the ultimate dissolution of the sovereignty of the individual. Hans-Herman Hoppe, Senior fellow at the Ludwig bon Mises Institute, Professor of Economics at the university of Nevada, Las Vegas, and editor of The Journal of Libertarian Studies, 1999, “On Free Immigration and Forced Integration,” LewRockwell.com “Moreover, with the…. Anarchism).” State grants of admission to immigrants permit invasions of every facet of public and private property. Hans-Herman Hoppe, Senior fellow at the Ludwig bon Mises Institute, Professor of Economics at the university of Nevada, Las Vegas, and editor of The Journal of Libertarian Studies, 1999, “On Free Immigration and Forced Integration,” LewRockwell.com “Before this… housing.” “Public property” is no un-owned territory; it’s lands that has been confiscated and is funded and maintained through the taxes. Hence, US citizens are the rightful owners of the public domain and even allowing immigrants only onto “public land” constitutes a violation of property rights. Hans-Herman Hoppe, Senior fellow at the Ludwig bon Mises Institute, Professor of Economics at the university of Nevada, Las Vegas, and editor of The Journal of Libertarian Studies, 1999, “On Free Immigration and Forced Integration,” LewRockwell.com “However, the error… public propertys.” The forced integration facilitates the infinite empowerment of the state to the detriment of the free market Hans-Herman Hoppe, Senior fellow at the Ludwig bon Mises Institute, Professor of Economics at the university of Nevada, Las Vegas, and editor of The Journal of Libertarian Studies, 1999, “On Free Immigration and Forced Integration,” LewRockwell.com “In light… and a new ‘universal man.’” Every aspect of our property we owe to capitalism – uncompromising devotion to the free market is the only mechanism for preventing extinction. Llewellym H. Rockwell, Jr., President of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, 7/18/2002, “The Legitimacy of Capitalism”, Ludwig von Misses Institute, http://www.mises.org/story/1005 “If you think about it… our lives depend on it.” Capitalism is the necessary foundation of peace; absent the plan war is inevitable George Reisman, Professor of Economics at Pepperdine University’s Graziadio School of Business and Management, 10/25/02, “Some Fumdamental Insights Into the Benevolent of Capitalism.” “1) Individual freedom… can make him.” Contention 2 – the Non-Agression Axiom Your role is of the anti-intellectual intellectual – Use the ballot as a tool of moral adjudication upon the legitimacy of redistributive violence to guide a radical rejection of state organized plunder. The debate community is uniquely susceptible to libertarianism – it’s time to reject mass murder. Hans-Herman Hoppe, Senior fellow at the Ludwig bon Mises Institute, Professor of Economics at the university of Nevada, Las Vegas, and editor of The Journal of Libertarian Studies, 2002, “Rothbardian Ethics,” LewRockwell.com “from this insight…. Is not lost.” A viable ethical system demands universal applicability. To deny property rights in any instance is to justify their complete abolition. Property rights must be preserved as absolutes – the alternatives amount to slavery and instantaneous extermination of humanity. Hans-Herman Hoppe, Senior fellow at the Ludwig bon Mises Institute, Professor of Economics at the university of Nevada, Las Vegas, and editor of The Journal of Libertarian Studies, 2004, “The Ethics and Economics of Private Property,” Elgar Companion to the Economics of Private Property,” p. 3-4 “In light of wide-spread… so it would go on.” Voting affirmative is to align yourself absolutely to endorsement of the Libertarian non-aggression axiom. This unconditional rebuke of aggression, even in the face of war, is key to avert totalitarianism. Anthony Gregory, Research Analyst at the Independent Institute, Libertarian Philosopher and writer for LewRockwell.com, 8/16/2005, “Situational Totalitarianism,” LewRockwell.com “Principles…was ravaged to keep at bay.” The morality of the expropriation of private property for use by immigrants should be the preeminent question – justice demands forgoing utilitarian calculus. Hans-Herman Hoppe, Senior fellow at the Ludwig bon Mises Institute, Professor of Economics at the university of Nevada, Las Vegas, and editor of The Journal of Libertarian Studies, 2001, “Secession, the State, and Immigration Problem,” LewRockwell.com “The recognition… right and wrong.” Utilitarianism leads inexorably to socialism and genocide Paul A. Cleveland, Ph.D. in Economics from Texas A&M University, Visiting Prof of Econ at the U of Central FL in Orlando in 1989, Current faculty member at Birmingham-Soutehern College, 2002, “The Failure of Utilitarian Ethics in Political Economy,” Journal of Private Enterprise, p. 57-68 “Indeed… Utilitarianism leads inexorably to socialism and genocide. Paul A. Cleveland, Ph.D. in Economics from Texas A&M University, Visiting Prof of Econ at the U of Central FL in Orlando in 1989, Current faculty member at Birmingham-Soutehern College, 2002, “The Failure of Utilitarian Ethics in Political Economy,” Journal of Private Enterprise, p. 57-68 “Indeed, … in the other direction.” Immigration in the world f the plan would take on a form based on voluntary association and principled devotion of property rights. Immigration wil continue, but in an ethical fasion. Tabor. R. Machan, Summer 1998, “Immigration into a Free Society,” Journal of Libertarian Sutdies, 13:2, p. 199-200 “The right immigration… are already there.” 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, FME good Coercion Util bad. Answers To Off Case Args A2: T Econ Pressure 1. wm prevent gfuture trade 2. pressure will escalate. Full trade embargoes 3. eocon pressure includes blah 4. war trade 5. economic pressure 6. reasons to prefer 7. threats are normal means Georgetown law 2000 8. no ground loss or education 9. ?? 10. don't efine pressure they define economic sanctions. 11. reasonabitlity A2: T Diplo Pressure 1. definitions says it has diplomacy or involve diplomacy. arbitrary 2. visa is a diplomatic tool 3. wm: don't have to provide ci: A2: T plan must happen immediately 1. plan happens immediately. 2. since the pressure happens immediately it doesn't matter if we are material or immaterial. 3. no material qual – we say the plan functionally happens 4. we don't place number qualifications 5. ci: substantially is large 6. theyre arbitrary. Possible to put not qualifications. They are arbitrarily decide. 7. plan is predictable. Mega point 1. They are conceding all indicts of utilitarianism. It is impossible for util not to be deployed in property rights which makes them null and void. 2. Property rights heinous some government action. 3. Their ethical system is impossible – 2002 4. Their disad holds the government the 1ac criticizes ?? Fem Nazi 1. probably leads to extinction? Play right! There is no impact no good author. 2. their paradox is bad – the property rights in one instances is precisely what allows the protection of free market. 3. we solve impact – the womyn get the shaft than men so we solve impact. Because in util world they get the shaft. 4. the only reason they say cap bad is because econ decline is bad. 5. private institutions are key. 6. the government meddling is bad which is different than free market. 7. Perm - we can do plan and reject patriarchy. 8. we impact turn them they don't impact turn us. 9. collapse inevitable if we don't do plan. Lewis 98. Answers To Major Case Args Case 1. conceding that extinction is inevitable. 2. economic crisis exists because government tampers with econ. And people go ot war with eachother because of property rights. 3. the utility of people’s rights denying the people of the right over their labor is the same as slavery. 4. utilitarianism is bad – preference individual rights means we can kill point. 5. we do havce authors supporting our plan (reads a card) 6. land is a territory is a piece of ground of the earth. 7. the procedure is to devolve people from the country – ti’s pretty clear. 1ar Strategy Notes Case Util bad. “sovereignty of the individual trumps extinction claims” Goes for perm on k. 2ar Strategy Notes Case solves patriarchy – a world without property rights is a world of slavery, a world of EVIL hierarchies in which women and people are terminally slaved against eachother. If you think domination is bad under patriarchy, wait til you see the domination under no property rights. Killing of men will not end the sacrifice of lives. Util still bad… the calculations of the kritik are gross. Alabama BP Aff Round # 2 Shirley vs Team: fort hays cm Judge:Sharp, Jon - Kentucky Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites Same Added Tom Palmer 1990 “Are Patents and copy rights morally justified” 1ar Strategy Notes Case, property rights absolute, policymaking good 2ar Strategy Notes Case, property rights absolute, policymaking good Alabama BP Aff Round 2 Shirley vs Team:Fort Hays Judge: Sharp, Jon Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites same except Tom Palmer 1990 “are patents and copyrights morally justified” 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, none Answers To Off Case Args none Answers To Major Case Argsnone 1ar Strategy Notes case, property rights absolute, policy making good 2ar Strategy Notes case, property rights absolute, policy making good Alabama BP Aff Fort Hayes CM neg John Sharp Round 2 1NC US must have a reality check and change Must move politics to a new realm in order to solve any form of brutality Democratic politics is in serious decline Aff can’t work thru this system Don’t address the causes of the problems Must account for both the individual and the society in order to solve Must have spiritual transformation Imposition of peace has been a tool of oppression Believe in the debate round Vote neg to endorse Buddhism Key to solve aff harms Any solvency of the aff will lead to incredible harm Current politics corrupts All reality is interconnected Reincarnation occurs Everything must be rethought in the focus of a Buddhist theory Magic formula – pray for world peace and balance Less attachment to myself in order to understand structural violence done to others Offer myself to the oppressed Buddhism doesn’t necessitate pacifism in the face of violence It has much to do with social ills Requires engagement in political affairs Must avoid intellectual pitfalls Reliance on author qualed ev Line by line Must view round in Buddhist way Must have ethical path to political engagement End with a prayer 2AC People have a right to their own mind You don’t get the mind itself Plan is a perquisite to the alternative Hold them to clear explanation of what happens The k is just a link of omission Never k the state Their ev says the need to revive democracy Rawls solves Democracy good If they don’t allow political deliberation, using debate as a discussion, democracy will collapse on itself Decide that you have a moral right to own mind – means that ppl no longer to fight Policy debate key to research skills We should be careful about the way we use govt Ppl stealing mind leads to slavery Speice and lyle card – personal advocacy makes devils advocate meaningless Must use switchsides Policy action is good Voting neg to do the aff politics isn’t fair because its not explained Perm Framework Sandbagging Aff gets framework Key to aff ground Not predictable Can do both People have mind ripped, that is a specific instance, we acknowledge its all over the place We should do the plan and do social change Rorty speak to the perm Don’t do the pitfalls We read good ev We don’t go fast Don’t have to go line by line I’m most comfortable with this 2NC Yes, their plan can work, but we have to do our own transformation first You have a right to think what you want to think Must find middle way between personal transformation and policy “vote neg to affirm” Societal changes come from personal changes 1NR Life goes fast Must acknowledge others suffering Different realities can transform this entire debate Difference between western culture and Buddhist KIM JONES is their main author Look at problem thru Buddhist perspective, its different, I promise Reincarnation complicates calculations of death Their framewok is violent Buddhists offer different view about how to solve the problem These realities change what we are doing Line by line is stupid Different approaches lead to different solutions We agree that there is a problem, but we should look at it in a Buddhist way, not western way in order to try to solve 1AR When they can morph framework, the aff can’t win Aff gets framework As debate gets less fair, Buddhism fails They change the framework in the block We just like line by line, we don’t say that they have to do it Ip key to ownership of mind It's a da to alternative Policy making good Key to change Da to their framework Must be able to do transformation alongside another action Justifies the perm Property rights must be absolutes One at a time risks no action what so ever Must exclude certain things from debate in order to promote change Must win that all people have mindset shift 2NR Must have middle way Must first do inner transformation before we do their plan Can’t think about how we should do it until we are Buddhist Vote neg to do their plan Not experienced enough to do line by line Kim jones talks about the importance of ordering Alabama BP Pre Shirley Aff A. Thievery – Government sanctioned intellectual piracy runs rampant in China – 90% of goods in all sectors John J. Tkacik, Jr., Research Fellow in China Policy in the Asian Studies Center at The Heritage Foundation, 10/23/2003, The Heritage Foundation, “The U.S. Must Face Up to China's Trade Challenges,” http://www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/BG1698.cfm China’s addition to the priority watch list is insufficient to curb IP infringements – further action is necessary Brooks Boliek, 8 / 30 / 2005, “China on priority watch list for piracy,” The Hollywood Reporter, http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000903629 B. Growth – The global economy is at a critical juncture, its fate rests on upgraded IP protection Business Week 2 / 7 / 2005 Patent markets are wealth creating, slashing the cost of innovation and increasing the quantity and quality of goods Kamil Idris, Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization, Secretary-General of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, Member of the United Nations International Law Commission (ILC) from 1992-1996 and 2000-2001, accessed 2005, The World Intellectual Property Organization, Intellectual Property, A Power Tool for Economic Growth, http://www.wipo.org/about-wipo/en/dgo/wipo_pub_888/index_wipo_pub_888.html Erosion of US IPRs devastates the global economy Bartlett Cleland, Director of the center for technology freedom at the Institute for Policy Innovation, Spring 2003, Intellectual Ammunition, “The Importance of Intellectual Property Rights,” The Heartland Institute, http://www.heartland.org/Article.cfm?artId=11732 Global war results Walter Russell Meade, Senior Fellow For US Foreign Policy @ The Council on Foreign Relations, 1992, World Policy Institute Rigorous IP protection prevents monopolization followed by permanent economic decline George Reisman, Professor of Economics at Pepperdine University’s Graziadio School of Business and Management, 1998, Capitalism: A Treatise On Economics, p. 388-389 C. Competitiveness – US competitiveness is on the brink, China and India threaten to unseat us Rachel Konrad, 2 / 25 / 2005, Canoe News, “China, India rival U.S. for business competitiveness, survey finds,” http://money.canoe.ca/News/Other/2005/02/25/942296.html IP protection key to US global competitiveness, medical and agricultural innovations, and combating terrorism Bruce P. Mehlman, Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy United States Department of Commerce, 7/31/2002, Delivered to the Licensing Executives Society Silicon Valley Chapter, Technology Administration The Changing Wealth of Nations: Intellectual Property and American Competitiveness in the Age of Innovation, http://www.technology.gov/speeches/p_BPM_020731_NatlWealth.htm US technological dominance key to hegemony Zalmay Khalilzad, Director of Strategy and Doctrine Program for Project Air Force at RAND Corporation, Spring 1995, The Washington Quarterly, “Losing the Moment? The United States and the World After the Cold War,” Vol. 18, No. 2, p.84. US leadership prevents global nuclear war Zalmay Khalilzad, Director of Strategy and Doctrine Program for Project Air Force at RAND Corporation, Spring 1995, The Washington Quarterly, “Losing the Moment? The United States and the World After the Cold War,” Vol. 18, No. 2, p.84. IP protection is vital to the US software industry Roy Mark, Internetnews.com, 10/4/04, “U.S. Launches New Anti-Piracy Campaign,” http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3417061 A competitive advantage in software against China is key to US wage stability; wage collapse cripples the economy Aaron Bernstein, 12 / 6 / 2004, Business Week, “Shaking Up Trade Theory,” http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/econ/2004/1206shakingtrade.htm PLAN: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD BRING A FORMAL COMPLAINT AGAINST THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISMS FOR FAILURE TO FULFILL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. WE’LL CLARIFY INTENT. Solvency – History proves the unequivocal success of WTO dispute mechanisms to induce IP reforms New York Times 5 / 12 / 2005 Economic pressure provides the crucial threat of retaliation that goads China toward compliance John J. Tkacik, Jr., Research Fellow in China Policy in the Asian Studies Center at The Heritage Foundation, 10/23/2003, The Heritage Foundation, “The U.S. Must Face Up to China's Trade Challenges,” http://www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/BG1698.cfm Economic pressure is key – diplomatic alone fails New York Times 3 / 28 / 1998 US export policies will readjust without jeopardizing the market share post plan – literally zero jobs will be lost Richard W. Parker, Professor of Law @ University of Connecticut School of Law; Visiting Professor, Georgetown University Law Center, 2000; J.D. Yale Law School, Winter 2000, Michigan Journal of International Law, 21 Mich. J. Int'l L. 235 Alabama LP Jack Parker & William Landau @ GSU A. Thievery- Government sanctioned intellectural piracy runs rampant in China - 90% of good s in all sections John j. Tkacik, Jr. The US must face up to china’s trade challenges, http://heritage.org/Research/ Tradeand ForeignAid/BG1698.cfm China’s addition to the priority watch list is insufficent to curb IP infrigements- further action is necessary. Brooks Boliek, 830 2005 China on priority watch list for piracy, The hollywood reporter. http:// www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000903629 B. Growth- the global economy is at a critical juncture, its fate rest on upgraded IP protection Business Weel 2 7 2005 Patent marks are wealth creating, slashing the cost of innovation and increasing the quantity and quality of goods Kamil Idris, The World Intellectual Property Organization, Intellectual Propery, A Power Tool for Economic Growth. http:// wipo.org/about-wipo/en/dgo/wipo_pib888/index_wipo_pub_888.html Erosion of US IPRs devastates the global economy Bartlett Cleland, Spring 2003 Intelllectual Ammunition, “The Importance of Intellectual Porperty Rights” The Heartland Institute, http://www. heatland.org/Article.cfm?artId=11732 Global war results Meade 92 Rigorous IP protection stop monopolization and by permanent economic decline George Reisman, 98 Capitalism: A treatise on economics C. Competitiveness- US competitiveness is on the brink, China and India threaten to unseat us Rachel Konrad, 2/25. 2005 Canoe News, China, india rival US for business competitiveness, survery finds. http:// money.canoe.ca/News/Other/2005/02/25/9242296.html Ip protection key to US global competitiveness, medical and agricultural innovations, and combating terrorism Bruce P. Mehlman, 7 31 2002, Delivered to the Licensing executives society silicon valley chapter, technology administration the changing wealth of nations: intellectual property and american competitiveness in the Age of Innovation, http://www. technology.gov/speeches/p_BPM_020731_NatlWealth.htm US technological dominance is key to hegemony Khalilzad 95 US leadership prevents global nuclear war khalilzad 95 Plan: the USFG should bring a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the World Trade Organization dispute settlement mechanism for failure to fulfill it obligations under the argeement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights. If the World Trade Organization rules in favor of the United States, the United States Federal Government should enact tarrifs on imported goods from the People’s Republic of China equal to the amount specifed by the World Trade Organization’s ruling. If the World Trade Organization find against the united states, then the president of the United States should threaten tarrifs on imported goods from the People’s Republic of China. We’ll clarify intent. Solvency- History proves the uneqivocal success of WTO dispute mechanism of induce IP reform New Yokr times 5 12 2005 Economic pressure provides the crucial threat of retaliation that goads China toward compliance. John j. Tkacik, Jr. The US must face up to china’s trade challenges, http://heritage.org/Research/ Tradeand ForeignAid/BG1698.cfm Economic pressure is key- diplomatic alone fails New York Times 3 28 1998 Alabama MV Melissa Van Kirk & Mallory Morgan @ GSU Plan: bring suit against China in wto over ipr a. ipr problems in 90% of goods from china Chinese action insuccessful – further action necessary b. economy ip protection key to global economy patent protection to increase quantity and quality of goods erosion of ipr kills global economy mead c. competitiveness us competitiveness on brink – china/India ip renovation key to globl competitiveness, combat terrorism us tech dominance key to hegemony khalilizad solvency history proves success of wto economic pressure critical to compliance diplomatic alone fails plan works with zero loss of jobs ROUND ONE JUDGE: D’AMICO Plan: the USFG should file a formal complaint with the WTO dispute mechanism. Competitiveness. 1AR New theory in 1AR to respond to vague alt. Alabama MV Round 4 GSU Wake SH: Eric Jenkins: Plan Text: PLAN: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD BRING A FORMAL COMPLAINT AGAINST THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION DISPUTE SETTLEMETN MECHANISMS FOR FAILURE TO FULFILL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDE RTHE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. WE’LL CLARIGY INTENT. (every word was capitalized in plan text). 1AC w/ cites Thievery – Government sanctioned intellectual piracy runs rampant in China – John J. Tkacik, Jr. 10/23/2003. “The U.S. Must Face up to China’s Trade Challenges,” “The U.S. Trade Representative reports that… administration, and poor training.” China’s addition to the priority watch list is insufficient to curb IP infringements – further action is necessary. Brooks Boliek, 8/30/05, “China on priority watch list for piracy,” The Hollywood Reporter “The nation’s top trade negotiator …. China’ manifest failure to provide the kind of criminal enforcement.” Patent markets are wealth creating, slashing the cost of innovation and increasing the qty and qlty of goods. Kamil idris, 2005. “A power Toold for Economic Growth” “under pressure to increase revenue… companies are forging allies” Erosion of US IPRs devastates the global economy. Bartlett Cleland, Spring 2003, “The Importance of Intellectual Property Rights,” “Intellectual property represents… doing so will leave this country” Global War results. Walter Russell Mead 1992. I don't feel like writing it all down. So there. Competitiveness – Us Competitiveness on the brink, China and India threaten to unseat us. Rachel Konrad, 2/25/05. “China, India rival U.S. for business competitiveness, survey finds,” “five hears of extreme cost-cutting… global technology sector,” IP Protectionism key to US global competitiveness, medical and agricultural innovations, and combating terrorism. Bruce P. Mehlman 7/31/02, “Our ability to create and protect intellectual property… information business. US technological dominance is key to hegemony. Zalmay Khalilzad 1995. “To sustain… it can use tax policy to raise the savings rate. US leadership prevent global nuclear war. Khalilzad 95 “Under the third option… power system.” IP Protection is vital to the US software industry. Roy Mark, 10/4/05, “U.S. Launches New anti Piracy Campaign” “Robert Holleyman… enforced by international law” A Competitive advantage in software against China is key to U.S. wage stability; wage collapse cripples the economy. Aaron Bernstein, 12/6/05, Business Week, “Shaking Up Trade Theory,” “Ever since Americans… could end up worse off.” Plan Text: PLAN: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD BRING A FORMAL COMPLAINT AGAINST THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION DISPUTE SETTLEMETN MECHANISMS FOR FAILURE TO FULFILL ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDE RTHE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. WE’LL CLARIGY INTENT. All caps lock in text. Solvency 1. History proves the unequivocal success ofo WtO dipute mechanisms to induce IP reforms. New york Times 5/12/05 “If the United States … W.T.O. since it took office.” 2. Economic pressure provides the crucial threat of retaliation that goods China toward compliance. John J. Tkacik, Jr. 10/23/2003. “The U.S. Must Face up to China’s Trade Challenges,” A2: Nationalism 3. US export policies will readjust without jeopardizing the market share post plan – literally zero jobs will be lost. Richard W. Parker, 2000 Michigan Journal of International Law, 21 Mich. J. Int’l L. 235 “HECW themselves… foreign policy realm where sanctions are both large and frequent.” Nationalists aren’t angered by u.s. will be angered by internal problems. Plan appeases nationalists (doesn't say this at all.) Taiwan won’t be attacked. Economic interdependence A2: Fem I.R. permutation. We should think and then act. alternative reformist strategy theory doesn't separate us from practice. shouldn't allow kritik theory. ecofeminism = alienates men A2: Topicality econ pressure. w/m appealing to wto is a pressure. New york times 2005. card quotes an international diplomat who says WTO would ultimately pressure China. potential abuse is not abuse. reasonability. ‘they knew our advantages before the round. That checks. Alabama MV Melissa Van Kirk & Mallory Morgan @ GSU ROUND ONE JUDGE: D’AMICO Plan: the USFG should file a formal complaint with the WTO dispute mechanism. Competitiveness. 1AR New theory in 1AR to respond to vague alt. Appalachian State Appalachian State BP (Reynolds Patterson & Rhyan Breen) @ Richmond RND 1 Plan restricts U.S. filtering technology to China. ADV 1- U.S. Internet colonialism bad ADV 2- Biopower bad. 2AC: Topicality is violent and should be rejected. Appalachian State MP Evan Miles & Reynolds Patterson @ GSU Inh- 1) Chinese efforts to control internet access causing the Internet to become Balkanized. Wu 2005 2) US leads diffusion and regulatory norms/practices surrounding the growing Internet. Simon 2000 3) Private Authority a central component in global Internet regime. Franda 2001 CyberImperialism 1) US foreign policy concerning Internet is deliberate cultural imperialism. Rusciano 2001 2) The symbolic control of the Internet=economic cyberimperialism. Rusiciano 2001 3) Left unchecked, MN oligopoly will bring brutal exploitation. Gunkel 2001 4) Fears of Internet domination are more politically visible than censorship in China. Tsui 2001 5) CyberImperialism through specialized knowledge becomes cultural genocide for the colonized. Gunkel 2001 Great FireWall 1) Chinese censorship tactics legitimate the digital panopticon. Tsui 2001 2) Geopolitical gaze enacted thru Internet policy reinforces calculative and biopolitical violence. Elden 2002 3) Current oppression and torture of spiritual and social movements becomes greater due to Internet censorship. Canada Newswire 2004 4) The ability to communicate is the defining point of human existence, denial removes value from life. Agamben 1991 Plan text: Solvency 1) Checking China internal regulations key to global modeling of openness. Franda 2001 (Marcus Franda, Prof of Government and Politics- Univ. of Maryland and expert on politics of global Internet, in “Governing the Internet: The Emergence of International Regime”) 2) Economic and commercial interests motivate Internet regulation policy Franda 2001 (Marcus Franda, Prof of Government and Politics- Univ. of Maryland and expert on politics of global Internet, in “Governing the Internet: The Emergence of International Regime”) 3) Smart Sanctions are great diplomatic pressure Lopez 99 “More Ethical than Not: Sanctions as surgical tools response to “A peaceful, Silent, Deadly Remedy by Joy Gordan”. Ethics and International Affairs 4) The code-software and hardware-key tool in restricting freedom. Tsui 2001 Lokman Tsui, a graduate student at University of Leiden “Internet Control and the Chinese Government” MA Thesis under supervision of Dr. S.R. Landsberger, Chinese languages and cultures 5) We must write economics differently, simple inclusion is not enough, we must shatter ourselves. Kaul 04 Nitasha, lecturer in economics at the University of the West of England in Bristol, UK, “Writing economic theory another way” 6) Civil discourse, not imperialism, is key to transforming other cultures not necessairily modeled after the US, but modeled towards the will of the people. Jia 01 Jia, Professor at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst “The Remaking of the Chinese Character and the Identity in the 21st century.” 7) Resisting dominant interpretations of IR requires re-theorizing international politics as inclusive and counter-hegemonic. We incorporate a multiplicity of perspectives. Inayatullah and Blaney 04 “International Relations and the Problem of Difference” 8) Individual autonomy and the opportunity for self-realization is key to equality for all persons. Mickunas and Pilotta ’98. Technocracy vs. Democracy, Hampton Press, Inc. Appalachian State MR (Evan Miles & Jonathan Russell) @ Richmond Geopolitical gaze through internet policy Elden 2002 Economic and commercial interests motivate internet regulation policy. Franda 2001 Smart sanctions Lopez 99 Lian/Mian Sic 2001 US leads internet Simon 2000 US foreign policy concerning internet Ruscizo 2001 Multinational Olgopoly Gentiel 2001 Army USMA Disclosure @ Buffalo Inherency: Chinese government has made a commitment to public offerings of State owned enterprises and given the forthcoming entrance to the WTO, the process is only to pick up speed. (Huang, “IPO Process in China” on google scholar, 2003) Plan text: USFG should substantially increase its diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the area of trade by banning investment in the initial public offerings of Chinese state-owned enterprises. As of 27SEP05, all Army teams run a version of the following advantages. The advantages may not all be run at the same time or in the given order. Individual cards may vary per team. Space: Chinese use US Capital investments in their IPOs to sustain state-owned enterprises and build their economic and military strength to expand out to the periphery. (Gaffney, US-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on China and the Capital Markets, 11AUG05) China is using its new found flood of foreign investment to fund its space program. (David, “Pentagon Report: china’s Space Warfare Tactics aimed at US Supremacy,” space.com, 2003) Chinese militarizing space. (Johnson-Freese, Space Wei Qi, 2002) Space weaponization leads to proliferation. (Handberg, “Seeking New World Vistas the Militarization of Space”, 2000) Space wars the most destructive wars ever. (Mitchell, “Missile Defence: Transatlantic Diplomacy,” 2001) Human Rights Chinese are colonializing and subjugating their own western minorities. (Terrill, The New Chinese Empire, 2003) Chinese uses their SOE’s to conquer Africa. (McCartney, “China: African Continent is Conquered Again,” Times Newspapers, 25AUG05) Must resist Chinese Imperialism. (Thorburn, Against War and Imperialism, 2001) China is expanding its empire from Sudan to the rest of Africa. (Glain, Newsweek, 20DEC04) Complicity with system human rights violations is complicity with the dehumanization that justifies the world’s worst atrocities. (Maise, “dehumanization,” 2000) Heg Foreign investment is used to fuel Chinese military buildup. (US/China Security Review Commission 2002) 75% of Chinese companies are state controlled and include known weapons proliferators. (US/China Security Review Commission 2002) China looking to expand as next world power. (Boxun News, Jan 05) Multipolarity leads to nuclear war. (Khalizad, Washington Quarterly, 1995) U.S. Military Academy CS (Suliman & Crow) @ Liberty Plan Text: The USFG should substantially increase its diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the area of trade by imposing sanctions on the investment in the offerings of Chinese state-owned enterprises. Advantages: - space militarization - Imperialism/Human rights Military Academy DM (Camilla Dulys-Nusbaum & Renee Marren) @ Liberty Same as Military Academy KZ U.S. Military Academy HJ (Hammett & Jost) @ Liberty Plan text- …Pressure by Banning all u.s. Chinese investment for Chinese State Owned Enterprises I-Chinese government uses state enterprise Solvency- 1.) Recognition is key to language of H.R> (Gaffney 05) 2.) Platform on HR is key (Gaffney 05) Adv. 1Africa 1.) Political structure ignores African culture 2.) Using SOE china conquers Africa again (Mccartney 05) 3.) Chinese policies in Africa prevent others to fill in (Bartholomew 02) Adv. 2 Imperialism/Uighur/H.R. discourse 1.) Western Minorities being persecuted 2.) ccp imposing cultural views on Uighurs (Terrill 03) 3.) PRC uses a million soldiers to Persecute 4.) Chines gov’t exterminate Uighur (Williams 01) 5.) U should reject violence of imperialist (Said 93) * 6.) challenging Imperialism is key to stop other challenges 7.) Imperialism allows for spread of territory 8.) Recognition of flawed H.R. discourse is key to Solve 9.) 1st commitment to flawed discourse is key to solve for state violence 2AC Tricks: - Zizek K - Alarean 90 (AT: Fem IR) U.S. Military Academy HK (Horowitz & Keyes) @ Liberty Plan Text: USFG should substantially increase its diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC by banning Chinese SOE from US cap markets. Normal Means. Case: Advantages 1 and 2 Same as LP Advantage 3: Terrorism - Chinese economic help in Africa prevents US from fighting terrorism (Barth 2k5) U.S. Military Academy KW (Kent & Warner) @ Liberty Plan Text: The USFG should substantially increase its diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China by prohibiting US firms from investing in offshore operations located in China, and sanctioning the investments in Chinese state-owned enterprise. Case: - Chinese expansion in Sudan leads to Islamic terrorism, increases arms sales, sever human rights violations and genocide in the SQ (The Global Politician, Frederick Stakelbeck, May 2k5 “The Current Sudanese Government … government, the university”) - Chinese expansion in Nigeria leads to increased Islamic terrorism and a serious threat to the entire continent (same cite as above “Chinese President Hu Jianto expressed … security threat for the entire continent”) - China is currently showing an active presence within Latin American military forces that have been cut off from American support. (Bachelet, 2k5 “China’s Latin Influence is Growing” Free Republic, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1448590/posts, “the head of the Miami-based … its growing economic interests abroad.” - As the Chinese hegemon increases, they are taking advantage of Latin America for resources and labor. (Saul Landav, The Global Politician, June 2k5 “In early march, a US embassy … get at Chinese resources and labor” Adv. 1 – Hegemony – Chinese increase leads to US decrease Adv. 2 – Terrorism – Latin America, Africa Adv. 3 - Multipolarity Military Academy KZ (Kalin & Zeck) @ Liberty aff vs. Liberty BH Banning Investment Plan Text The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China by banning American companies from investing in Chinese State Owned Enterprises by normal means. Reserve right to clarify. Case Structure/Advantages 1. Space Advantage -Foreign investment leads to space militarization in China -Space militarization destroys relations and leads to war (Mitchell) 2. Chinese Hegemony Advantage -We are complicit with human rights violations -Foreign investment fuels Chinese military -75% of companies controlled by the government, goes directly to the military (Cheney) -China is expanding militarily in Africa, threatening Human rights -Expansion into Sudan leads to terrorism and genocide -Expansion into Nigeria undermines democracy and fuels terrorism -new kinds of terrorism leads to human extinction 2AC Tricks -Political capital is a bankrupt concept—its not real U.S. Military Academy LP (Linford & Pan) @ Liberty Plan Text: The USFG should substantially increase its diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Reublic of China by banning US investment in the offerings of Chinese State owned enterprises. Case: Inherency: - China has made a commitment to state owned enterprises (Avary 2k3) - China's need for resources grows, they'll look outside (Cheny 99) Multipolarity: - China will use business to fuel military build-up - China is looking to expand into a world power, US will have to deal with its expansion - Chinese use of US investment sustains Chinese military develpoment and overseas expansion - -Chinese spending increases its hegemony in Africa (Global Politician 99) - Complicity with HR abuses justifies world atrocities - China is preparing for war, US ignores the signs (Night Post 05) - multipolarity leads to multiple scenarios for nuclear war (Khalilzad 95) - China's future military is unbeatable Space: - China's using investment funds for space development, it's intentions are military oriented - Chinese space advances are military in nature - China's moving towards militarizing space despite rhetoric - weaponization will open pandora's box with bad consequences - space weapons leads to war in space and use of CBNWs U.S. Military Academy QT (Qirjazi & Thompson) @ Liberty Plan Text: Therefore we offer the following plan: That the USFG should substantially increase its diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China by imposing sanctions on the investment in the offerings of Chinese Sstate owned enterprises. Advantages: solves Islamic terrorism Chinese imperialism Chinese exacerbating oppression and HR Augustana Augustana BS, FH, RS @ UNI Negative Team: [C Laogai/Forced Labor Plan Text: Advantages: [Titles/Descriptions – Tags/Citations next page…] The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the area of human rights by abrogating the Memorandum of Understanding of 1992 with China regarding slave labor and the Statement of Cooperation of 1993 with China, provide Customs Service the administrative authority to ban entire categories of products from China, if it is found that forced labor products of the same type are being sent into the United States as well as ban all imports from the Chinese state trading company which cooperates in the illegal importation of forced labor products. The United States Federal Government should also provide the State Department and the U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services the authority to revoke the business visa of any People’s Republic of China nationals working in the United States for a company or any of its subsidiaries which has been found by the Customs Service to be involved in the illegal trade in forced labor products. Solvency: [Please include all citations, page numbers, tag] Contention 2: We Solve -The Plan solves, and is substantial pressure on the government Jeffrey L. Fiedler, President of the Food and Allied Service Trades Department of the AFL-CIO, and co-founder of the LRF, Forced Labor in China. 6/22/2005. http://www.cecc.gov/pages/roundtables/062305/Fiedler.php Current U.S. law concerning-Renouncing the MOU sends a signal to China that the U.S. does not accept the Laogai Laogai Research Foundation, 1995, Newsletter. Laogai Research Foundation Proposes U.S. Policy Changes. http://www.christusrex.org/www1/sdc/Dec95c.htm The Laogai Research Foundation proposes-The plan is key to ending the Laogai system, educating individuals in this round is a step in the direction of ending oppression Pejan 00 (Human Rights Brief Winter, 2000 7 Hum. Rts. Br. 22 ARTICLE: Laogai: "Reform Through Labor" in China NAME: by Ramin Pejan ** Ramin Pejan is a J.D. candidate at the Washington College of Law and an articles editor for the Human Rights Brief, l/n) Aside from the PRC's obligationsThe United States contributes greatly to the Laogai’s existence, we cannot ignore the Laogai and at the same time condemn Concentration Camps or Gulags it is the same type of system.Wu, founder and Executive Director of the Laogai Research Foundation, 01 (New Internationalist 337August 2001Click here to search the mega index. Slavery / FORCED LABOUR / TRAFFICKING http://www.newint.org/issue337/violent.htm) As a survivor of 19 years’ Advantages/Harms/Scenarios: [Please include tags + full citations] Contention 1: The Laogai -Despite current agreements the US is not enforcing restrictions on forced labor products Jeffrey L. Fiedler, President of the Food and Allied Service Trades Department of the AFL-CIO, and co-founder of the LRF, Forced Labor in China. 6/22/2005. http://www.cecc.gov/pages/roundtables/062305/Fiedler.php The United States negotiated a Memorandum of Understanding… -The Laogai is the most extensive forced labor camp system in the world and is dependant on international commerce to function Harry Wu, Executive Director, Laogai Research Foundation, 6/22/05 Forced Labor In China http://www.cecc.gov/pages/roundtables/062305/HarryWu.pdf The Laogai remains the most extensive -The U.S. is the main problem. Three billion in Laogai products come to the U.S. annually Daniel J. O'Connor, Political Anylyst and author, 1998. The Chinese Gulag Article in the Winter Edition of The Colby Reader http://www.colby.edu/par/Winter%2098/Laogai.htm Although importation of slave -The U.S. is the biggest market for forced labor products. South China Morning Post, 8/19/2005. Banks buy into jail-labor firm. http://www.laogai.org/news/newsdetail.php?id=2361 Six of the world's largest -Laogai are critical to China’s economy of slavery Harry Wu, Executive Director, Laogai Research Foundation, 6/22/05 Forced Labor In China http://www.cecc.gov/pages/roundtables/062305/HarryWu.pdf Besides being an important We have an obligation to end human suffering- putting political questions before that ethical question repeats the worst atrocities Meister 05(Department of Politics University of California, Santa Cruz Postmodern Culture, 2005 "Never Again": The Ethics of the Neighbor and the Logic of Genocide Robert Meister) My topic is not whether the "world community -The Laogai system enslaves 20 million and is a machine of genocide, torture, slavery, and corporate fascism when fueled by Western businesses. Falun Gong Rights Working Group, 2005, Overview of Enslavement http://www.flghrwg.net/reports/html/2002_5.html. The African Slave Trade,Laogai are the ultimate affront to human dignity Beatrice 99 (VOICES FROM THE LAOGAI: 50 YEARS OF SURVIVING CHINA'S FORCED LABOR CAMPSA Report by Dory Beatrice, SDFoT Coordinator http://www.sdtibet.org/news_v1n4.html Vol. 1 No. 4 Fall 1999 Quarterly Newsletter) Prisoners are generally We must struggle for dignity- it is the only way to prevent the annihilation of the planet Holloway 00 ("Zapatismo and the Social Sciences John Holloway This is the text of a talk presented to the congress of SCOLAS (Southwest Council of Latin American Studies) in Puebla in March 2000." http://64.233.179.104/search?q=cache:PfhMWeY3P6QJ:www.endpage.org/Archives/Subversive_Texts/Holloway/The_Zapatistas_and_the_Soc.htm+%22using+people+as+a+means+to+an+end%22&hl=en&client=firefox-a) To think in the non-existing Baptist Bible College Baptist Bible College DM @ Missouri State The United States Federal Government will establish an agency with the specific purpose of researching and deliberating China. Said agency will create a total trade embargo on goods to and from China until a significant gain in the human rights conditions in China are met. Ob1- American needs to dissect itself from China China unfairly sets lower value on its yuan AP Financial Wire, May 26, 2005 “The current Chinese…a single country.” America is too connected Rep Bill Thomas, Capital Hill Hearing, Fed News Service, April 14, 2003 “China is the largest…raise concerns.” American relies on China Bill Thomas, 2003 “China continues…of US inputs.” Ob 2- China gaining power Chine econ growing quickly Bill Thomas, 2003 “In 2001,… are startling.” Increase econ leads to militarism Washington Times, June 26, 2005 “China’s economy has…a fascist state.” China has huge alliances with neighboring countries The Economist Sept 3, 2005 “But America…missile defense system.” Allowing China to be militaristic is bad Economist, Sept 26, 2005 “Yet it continues…for the US.” Ob 3- Congress needs an agency Heritage Foundation, April 19, 2005 “One China status…for the US.” ADV1. Econ Embargo creates jobs The Baltimore Sun, 6-26-05 “Not only are we…from China.” Embargo lowers dependency Shunliyao, Aug 21, 2005, Centre for Int’l Economics Studies “Now in 2005…to keep relations.” Embargo lowers prices Eric Wailes, The Economist Sept 13, 2005 “China has cast…American economy.” ADV 2- China China uses a lot of American goods Al Reikne, Washington Post, Sept 17, 2005 “According to the…to be today.” W/o American goods, China looses power Marshal Voiner, CNN.com, Sept 3, 2005 “The largest downfall…sure destruction.” China’ place in global market will lower Dan Boyett, MSNBC, April 16, 2005 “When a country…on the market.” ADV 3- Lowering economy militarism China ceases militaristic tendencies Gha Mankodi, The Economist, Aug 9, 2005 Stop China from attacking neighboring countries Kathleen Rengles, MSNBC, July 18, 2005 Baptist Bible College MV @ Missouri State The United States Federal Government will establish an agency with the specific purpose of researching and deliberating China. Said agency will create a total trade embargo on goods to and from China until a significant gain in the human rights conditions in China are met. Ob1- American needs to dissect itself from China China unfairly sets lower value on its yuan AP Financial Wire, May 26, 2005 “The current Chinese…a single country.” America is too connected Rep Bill Thomas, Capital Hill Hearing, Fed News Service, April 14, 2003 “China is the largest…raise concerns.” American relies on China Bill Thomas, 2003 “China continues…of US inputs.” Ob 2- China gaining power Chine econ growing quickly Bill Thomas, 2003 “In 2001,… are startling.” Increase econ leads to militarism Washington Times, June 26, 2005 “China’s economy has…a fascist state.” China has huge alliances with neighboring countries The Economist Sept 3, 2005 “But America…missile defense system.” Allowing China to be militaristic is bad Economist, Sept 26, 2005 “Yet it continues…for the US.” Ob 3- Congress needs an agency Heritage Foundation, April 19, 2005 “One China status…for the US.” ADV1. Econ Embargo creates jobs The Baltimore Sun, 6-26-05 “Not only are we…from China.” Embargo lowers dependency Shunliyao, Aug 21, 2005, Centre for Int’l Economics Studies “Now in 2005…to keep relations.” Embargo lowers prices Eric Wailes, The Economist Sept 13, 2005 “China has cast…American economy.” ADV 2- China China uses a lot of American goods Al Reikne, Washington Post, Sept 17, 2005 “According to the…to be today.” W/o American goods, China looses power Marshal Voiner, CNN.com, Sept 3, 2005 “The largest downfall…sure destruction.” China’ place in global market will lower Dan Boyett, MSNBC, April 16, 2005 “When a country…on the market.” ADV 3- Lowering economy militarism China ceases militaristic tendencies Gha Mankodi, The Economist, Aug 9, 2005 Stop China from attacking neighboring countries Kathleen Rengles, MSNBC, July 18, 2005 Baptist Bible/KCKCC @ Missouri State The United States Federal Government will establish an agency with the specific purpose of researching and deliberating China. Said agency will create a total trade embargo on goods to and from China until a significant gain in the human rights conditions in China are met. Ob1- American needs to dissect itself from China China unfairly sets lower value on its yuan AP Financial Wire, May 26, 2005 “The current Chinese…a single country.” America is too connected Rep Bill Thomas, Capital Hill Hearing, Fed News Service, April 14, 2003 “China is the largest…raise concerns.” American relies on China Bill Thomas, 2003 “China continues…of US inputs.” Ob 2- China gaining power Chine econ growing quickly Bill Thomas, 2003 “In 2001,… are startling.” Increase econ leads to militarism Washington Times, June 26, 2005 “China’s economy has…a fascist state.” China has huge alliances with neighboring countries The Economist Sept 3, 2005 “But America…missile defense system.” Allowing China to be militaristic is bad Economist, Sept 26, 2005 “Yet it continues…for the US.” Ob 3- Congress needs an agency Heritage Foundation, April 19, 2005 “One China status…for the US.” ADV1. Econ Embargo creates jobs The Baltimore Sun, 6-26-05 “Not only are we…from China.” Embargo lowers dependency Shunliyao, Aug 21, 2005, Centre for Int’l Economics Studies “Now in 2005…to keep relations.” Embargo lowers prices Eric Wailes, The Economist Sept 13, 2005 “China has cast…American economy.” ADV 2- China China uses a lot of American goods Al Reikne, Washington Post, Sept 17, 2005 “According to the…to be today.” W/o American goods, China looses power Marshal Voiner, CNN.com, Sept 3, 2005 “The largest downfall…sure destruction.” China’ place in global market will lower Dan Boyett, MSNBC, April 16, 2005 “When a country…on the market.” ADV 3- Lowering economy militarism China ceases militaristic tendencies Gha Mankodi, The Economist, Aug 9, 2005 Stop China from attacking neighboring countries Kathleen Rengles, MSNBC, July 18, 2005 Bard Bard AF (novice), @ Buffalo We affirm the resolution as a starting point for a discussion about labor rights violations in China. We advocate that individuals should take a stance against labor rights violations and abuses in their every day lives; this includes but is not limited to engaging in a politics of non-participation with regards to goods made by sweatshop labor, contributing to anti-sweatshop movements, and using the political power of language to speak to people, communicate about these issues, and form connections around common goals. Bard CF Aff Round # 7 Shirley vs Team: Fort Hays CR Judge:Stornhagen Plan Text same 1ac w/ cites same 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, same Answers To Off Case Args same Answers To Major Case Args same 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Bard CF Aff Round #2 Shirley vs Team: Pepperdine SW Judge:Ellsworth Plan Text Same as casebook 1ac w/ cites Same as casebook 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Bard CF Pre Shirley Bard CF (Cassie Cornell and Angelina Fox)—Affirmative disclosure Observation 1: The Problem A. Millions of Chinese workers are beaten, abused, and enslaved in foreign-funded factories. They are stripped and violated of the most basic human rights and forced to labor in horrendous conditions. Chan. 1998. Labor Standards and Human Rights: The Case of Chinese Workers Under Market Socialism. Copyright © 1998 The Johns Hopkins University Press. All rights reserved.http://muse.jhu.edu.libproxy.fullerton.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v020/20.4chan.htm B. Sweatshops are murder in the name of global capitalism. Factory workers, predominantly women and children, are exploited and abused in the name of “free trade” and their lives are lost in the name of maximized profit. Tom Sandborn. March 10, 2003. Making Sweatshops http://www.dooneyscafe.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=209 Observation 2: Current strategies and mechanisms of change are failing A. Blaming China for the labor rights violations fails to address the real culprits—the proponents of global capitalism—multinational corporations, “extra” national organizations, and the governments that enable them. Lora Jo Foo and Nikki Fortunato Bas. October 2003. Free Trade’s Looming Threat to the World’s Garment Workers. Asian Labor Update. www.amrc.org.hk/5201.htm B. We must avoid seeing China as an object of US blame or as a threat to be contained by the US “politico-strategic” action. To do so is nothing but a re-inscription of the power politics that maintain US global hegemony. Chengxin Pan. 2004. The “China Threat” in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics. Alternatives 29 (2004), 305-331. Lexis. 318-319 C. Guilt, blame, and finger pointing will never solve. (i.e. we are not saying that you lose because you are wearing something from the gap). Now is the time for individuals to take political responsibility for labor abuse; this requires us to look forward and to focus on ways of eliminating future harms. Iris Young. 2003. From Guilt to Solidarity: Sweatshops and Political Responsibility. http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/articles/sp03/young.htm Our advocacy/affirmation We affirm the resolution as a starting point for a discussion about labor rights violations in China. We advocate that individuals should take a stance against labor rights violations and abuses in their every day lives; this includes but is not limited to engaging in a politics of non-participation with regards to goods made by sweatshop labor, contributing to anti-sweatshop movements, and using the political power of language to speak to people, communicate about these issues, and form connections around common goals. Observation 3-Working towards solutions A. Recognizing the connections between our actions and injustices endured far away is the first step in taking political responsibility. Iris Young. 2003. From Guilt to Solidarity: Sweatshops and Political Responsibility. http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/articles/sp03/young.htm B. We have a responsibility to take action. Only when we embrace this responsibility, will the conditions of people’s lives improve. Iris Young. 2003. From Guilt to Solidarity: Sweatshops and Political Responsibility. http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/articles/sp03/young.htm C. When we act on the local level—telling stories, building connections, and sharing power—we begin the process of breaking down global capitalism through the forging of a new alternative politics. Notes from Nowhere. 2003. We are Everywhere. New York: Verso Press. 388. Bard CR (novice), @ Buffalo We affirm the resolution as a starting point for a discussion about labor rights violations in China. We advocate that individuals should take a stance against labor rights violations and abuses in their every day lives; this includes but is not limited to engaging in a politics of non-participation with regards to goods made by sweatshop labor, contributing to anti-sweatshop movements, and using the political power of language to speak to people, communicate about these issues, and form connections around common goals. Bard PF (jv) @ Buffalo will be running a labor rights aff with the following advocacy statement We affirm the resolution as a starting point for a discussion about labor rights violations in China. We advocate that individuals should take a stance against labor rights violations and abuses in their every day lives; this includes but is not limited to engaging in a politics of non-participation with regards to goods made by sweatshop labor, contributing to anti-sweatshop movements, and using the political power of language to speak to people, communicate about these issues, and form connections around common goals. Bard NS Aff Round #1 Shirley Classic Vs. Macalester HW Judged by: Kuswa Plan Text: Same as Caselist 1AC w/ cites - Caselist Disad. Answers all on Caselist K Answers all on Caselist Bard NS Pre Shirley Bard NS (Litta Naukushu and Nathan Sweed)—Affirmative disclosure We affirm the whole resolution: Resolved: The United Stated Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in one or more of the following areas: trade, human rights, weapons nonproliferation, Taiwan Because why not. Bard NS (varsity) @ Buffalo will be running both the labor rights aff (above) and a self-imagination aff with the following advocacy statement: We affirm the resolution as a text which allows us to begin a critical interrogation of the terms and assumptions which we as a debate community and larger political community accept when we begin our discussions about advocacy with regard to China and international policy. Among these assumptions are assumptions that China is a “reality” readily known and analyzed by distant observers, that said observers are “neutral” or “disinterested,” and that “The United States” is one of these neutral observers. We think it is crucial to recognize the role that the American self-imagination plays in the formulation and construction of US-China policy, and we think that before any actions can be demanded, which advocate a US policy toward or “on” China, we must interrogate the places from which we speak, the terms we use, and the assumptions we bring to the debate. Bard WD (jv) will be running a weapons aff with the following advocacy statement: @ Buffalo We affirm the resolution as a discursive manifestation of the “armed” political and material context in which we find ourselves situated and as a site on which we make art and contribute to art movements in order to effectively speak to people about weapons non-proliferation and disarmament. (the wording of this one might change a little, but this is the basic idea) Baroch Baruch--DanNielle Lemberg & Nicole Lee @ Buffalo ov – both teams running IPR, they may change specific wording on tags to their own, but the ev and idea would stay the same IPR: Ob 1 –Inherency A. We lose billions of $ on intellectual property rights violations each yer, mostly due to China. Schiappacasse 2004 (Mikhaelle – American IP Law Assoc Quarterly J. – “IPR in China”, 164 summer l/n) B. US has used unilat negotiation unsuccessfully and has not sought remedy with WTO. Lee, 2003 (Thea, 10/21/05, Chief Inate Econ, Pub Pol Dept AFL-CIO hearing before Com. on IR, HoR, 2004) Plan: res . . .by filing an official dispute with the WTO DSB concerning China’s failure to comply w/ the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of IPR enforcement provisions. (abbrev’s and acronyms by VIK, not actually in text) Adv 1 Competitiveness: A. IP protection key to US economy and competitivens Abolsky 2004 (Lauren, Fordham Univ School of Law, May 2004, “Operation Blackbeard: is Govt Proritization Enough to deter IP crimininals?” Winter 14 Fordham Intell Prop) B. US econ competitiveness and tech leadership crucial to global primacy and econ prosperity. Segal 04 (Adam, Council on For relations, “Is America Losing its edge?” Foreign Affairs, NOV/Dec) C. C. US Heg vital to global stability Khalilizad 95( Zalmay, Policy analyst for RAND, Wash Quarterly, Spring) Adv 2 – The Economy A. Failure to implement IP protections will undermine Chinese growth, and disrupt political leadership unbalancing world order. Yu, 2K (Peter K, Yeshiva Univ: “From Pirates to Partners: Protecting IPR in C in the 21st century, Oct, Am. U. L. Rev., 131) B. The impact is global depression Shenkar, 2005 (Oded, Prof of Manag and HR, Ohio State, The Chinese Century p. 172) C. This will lead to a new period of inat conflict that affects billions of people. Mead ’92. Ob 3 – Solvency A. A WTO complaint will force C. to comply. Magnusson, 05 (Business Week, p. 31, 7/11/05) B. The US should use WTO for China TRIPS compliance, Smith 05 (Eric, President of Inat IP Alliance, IIPA Special 301 Letter to USTR) Note*** we have a WTO leads to Multilat advantage as well, but each team is picking its impact story if running it. Therefore, since we are unsure of it, we will not run multi lat as an advantage in round 1 or 2. We would of course disclose later if you ask and we intend to do so. Fordham/Baruch VV Fordham--Jennifer Vasquez & Ashley Vega (Baruch)  @ Buffalo AIDS Aff’s, Timothy probably has his own tags by now, and might have added a solvency card. I’ll let you or whoever needs to know. But it will pretty much use the same ev as this one, so cites are valid. Jennfier and Ashley may reword tags, but shall be discouraged from doing so. Ob 1 – AIDS in China A. AIDS is spreading at a rapid rate and statistics are underestimated – 10 million by 2010 Gill, 2002 (Bates, Freeman Chair in China Studies, CSIS) B. Chinese officials are blocking the prevention and treatment of HIV, ibid C. AIDS activists are often harassed in China, Davis, 2005 (Sara, The Asian WSJ, 7/4/05) Adv 1 – AIDS A. China slow to react to crisis, Gill 2002 (see above at www.csis.org/hill/ts020909gill.pdf, 9/9/05) B. Floating populations prevent HIV ed. And treatment from working, ibid. C. Even though numbers known, gov’t coverup. Kutcher, 2003 (Norman, Ass prof of History, Syracuse Univ, Syr. Journal of Inat Law and Commerce, Summer, 2003, 30 Syracuse . . .Com 271) D. AIDS explosion consequences for whole world. The Economist, 7/28/05 Adv 2 –Stigma A. The view of AIDS in China as unspeakable victimizes those who have AIDS, Kutcher, 2003 B. Regs regarding disease force individuals to avoid testing, furthering spread, Gill, 2002 C. Marginalization increases HIV spread, Human Rights Watch, 6/05 (www://hrw.org/reports/2005/china0605 D. Discrimination against individuals with HIV violates rights; Gill 2002 E. Rights based approach best, restores dignity. Fidler, 2003; (David, Harvard Env Law Review, Spring 04, 17 harv. Hum. Rts. J. 99) Plan: USFG should dipl and econ pressure PRC to allow NGOs and AIDS activists to direct hiv/aids ed and prevention programs throughout C. (yes, I know no specific pressure, and yeah, we probably have it, but the debaters are all in class now. Call my cell if you’re hitting us and I’ll get the details to you: 347/683-6894 – VIK) Solvency A. The only way to improve h.r. in C is through US econ. Pressure Jingsheng 1997 (Wei, 12/10/97, www.usembassey-israel.org.il/publish/press/global/archive/1997/december/gi11215.htm) B. NGOs work with mass org’s to reach mass population of China Bagaso, Teresita 2000 “NGOs – Key strategic partners in working with AIDs, 27-3-00 China not solve without NGOs, the Economist, 7/28/05 Grassroots activists are best suited with experience, Human Rights Watch, 6/05 In both jv aff’s some cards may be removed internally. I’ll try to update, but they’ll have it for 36 more hours and will play as jv are wont to do. Baylor Baylor CM & FS@ UNI Negative Team: [C Plan Text: Advantages: [Titles/Descriptions – Tags/Citations next page…] PLAN: PLAN: THE USFG SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE ITS DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE AREA OF WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION BY PLACING SMART SANCTIONS ON CHINESE “PARENT” COMPANIES. Solvency: [Please include all citations, page numbers, tag] [ No solvency stuff yet ] Advantages/Harms/Scenarios: [Please include tags + full citations] A1- Iranian Prolif A. Chinese companies are increasing nuclear coop with Iran despite current sanctions Milhollin, 05 (cited above) B. Iran is on the brink of nuclearization LA Times, 6-26-05; LN “move ahead at full speed” C. Iran will have nukes in 8 months Washington Times 5/24/05; LN; “the point of no return” D. Iran will attack Israel with nukes Louis Rene Beres April 6, ’05; www.worldnetdaily.com E. This kills millions and obliterates Israel Beres (cited above) A2- Pakistan A. China is increasing nuclear coop with Pakistan Malik April 29, 04. http://www.jamestown.org B. Continued coop bw China/Pakistan risks was with India Agence France Presse, 4-12-05; “three wars with Pakistan” C. This kills 12million people on the subcontinent Shanker & McCarthy ’02; NYT, May 28th, LN; “12 million people instantly”. Baylor CM @ Missouri State Ob. I. Bush has sanctioned Chinese companies on 60 separate occasions over their continued WMD-related cooperationand assistance to Iran Rademaker,March 11, 2005, DISARMAMENT DOCUMENTATION www.acronym.org.uk/docs/0503/doc04.htm “our longstanding practice of imposing sanctions against Chinese entities” Unfortunately, the current US nonprolif regime toward china is failing for 2 reasons a. only targets subsidiary corporations, but not the parent companies, the huge state-run conglomerates; b. Economic penalties imposed are not strong enough. Milhollin , March 10, 05 www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/testimonies/2005/US-China-comm-031005.htm giant loophole PLAN: THE USFG SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE ITS DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE AREA OF WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION BY IMPLEMENTING NEW ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AGAINST THE FOLLOWING "PARENT" COMPANIES AND THEIR SUBSIDIARIES TO END THEIR PROLIFERATION ACTIVITIES: CHINA NORTH INDUSTRIES GROUP, SINOPEC, SINOSTEEL, AND CHINA AVIATION INDUSTRY CORPORATIONS 1 & 2. 1. IRAN Scenario 1. Israel. Chinese companies are continuing to share advanced WMD technology and expertise with Iran (and several other nations) despite the current US sanctions regime. Rademaker, 3-11/-5 www.acronym.org.uk/docs/0503/doc04.htm nuclear establishments Iran is on the brink of producing nuclear weapons; newly elected hardline president Ahmadinejad has vowed to pursue nuclearization as soon as possible LA Times 6/26/05 Lexis Nexis "axis of evil" "move ahead at full speed Iran will reach point of no return within 6 months Washington Times 5/24/ 05 washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050524-043712-5381r.htm "point of no return" nuclear bomb Iran has made no secret of its paln to launch nuclear attacks against Israel Beres, 4-6-05 WORLDNET DAILY.com "Lake Michigan" treaty obligation first-strike attacks Iranian nuclear attack on Israel would kill millions. It would annihilate the entire country Beres 05 worldnet daily.com "Iranian nuclear attack" human rights nuclear war Scenario 2. Turkey Nuclearization of Iran sparks Turkish nationalism Feiser 1-28-05 www.pinr.com/report.php?ac+view_report&report_id=261&language_id=1 "Turkey's internal political dimensions" military nationalism Turkey is a pivot state. A Nationalist foreign policy would cy counterproductive to US interests in Caspian region Larrabee and Lesser 03 http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1612 source of instability "pivot state" Turkey critical to prevent Russian expansionism into Caspian Khalilzad Lesser and Larrabee, 00 http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1241 "Russian expansion in the Caspian Basin" Russian expansionism causes nuclear war Cohen 1/25/96 Heritage Backgrounder #1065 "reconstituted Russian empire" II PAKISTAN China will increase its nuclear and missile assistance to Pakistan despite the repeated imposition of sanctions Malik 4-29-04 China Brief www.jamestown.org "countervail its perceived rivals and enemies" Continue Sino-Pakistan Nuclear coop risks war between India and Pakistan Agence France Press 4-12-05 "Pakistan and China" "chasma nuclear power plant" Nuclear war between India and Pakistan would kill 12 million people and destroy the entire Indian subcontinent www.endyorks.gn.apc.org/news/articles/asia/nuclearfear.htm Shankar & McCarthy 02 New York Times May 28 "full-scale nuclear exchange" III. TERRORISM Iran and Pakistan are the most likely sources for terrorists to acquire the means to strike the US with nuclear weapons Cohen 5-20-05 heritage Backgrounder 1854 heritage.org "radical islamists military and intelligence services Pakistan An act of nuclear terrorism would be devastating. It is the overwhelming policy concern Chesney 97 Loyola of LA International and Comparative Law Journal 20:29 November, lexis "human suffering resulting from a detonation" IV. PROLIFERATION DIPLOMACY US proliferation credibility is weak because of the soft approach to Iranian nuclear prolif Levi 04 www.iranwatch.org/privateviews/Brookings/perspex-brookings-emptywords-012104.htm concessionary offering a mechanism Lack of action to halt Paklstani proliferation has damaged nonprolif credibility and counterterrorism Nolan, 04 www.fpa.org 2/12 "risky approach toward Pakistan" US proliferation credibility key to halt global proliferation of nuclear weapons Japan Times 7-4-05 "population centers" "international-control management" Ob. 2 SOLVENCY -- tension descending Redirecting US economic sanctions to target Chinese parent companies will solve. The Chinese would have enormous economic incentives to comply China is extremely vulnerable to US economic leverage while its market economy is still developing Milhollin 05 www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/testimonies/2005/US-China-comm-031005.htm vulnerable to economic pressure Your PIC doesn't begin to solve the case. A combination of diplomacy and tough sanctions when needed is the best way to curb Chinese proliferation Rademaker 05 www.acronym.org.uk/docs/0503/doc04.htm thinking carefully about the issues sustained dialogue There is no hope of preventing nuc prolif and nuc terrorism without Chinese cooperation Rademaker 05 see above "rogue states prepared to use them" Plan is the only way to both gain gains Chines compliance in ending its prolif activities and to restore US nonprolif credibility Milhollin 05 economy is the most powerful leverage we have www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/editorials/2005/Sinopec-oped-040705.htm laxity on our part Sinosteel Current US policy awards Chinese prolif. Sanctioning Sinopec itself solves prolif to Iran Kapisthalam 3-11-05 Asia Times "Trade and Development Agency" "winks at blatant Chinese proliferation" Round 2 vs. UNI PR K Answers- Rorty, Zizek, Krishna T Answers- Kan, 2005 ( Shirley, “China and proliferation of weapons of Mass destruction and missiles: Policy issues”, CRS Report, april 5) Baylor CM Affirmative @ UNI I. Bush has sanctioned Chinese companies on 60 separate occasions over their continued WMD-related cooperationand assistance to Iran Rademaker,March 11, 2005, DISARMAMENT DOCUMENTATION www.acronym.org.uk/docs/0503/doc04.htm our longstanding rpactice of imposing sanctions agianst Chinese entities Unfortuantely, the current US nonprolif regime toward china is failing for 2 reasons a. only targets subsidiary corporations, but not the parent companies, the huge state-run conglomerates; b. Economic penalties imposed are not strong enough. Milhollin , March 10, 05 www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/testimonies/2005/US-China-comm-031005.htm giant loophole PLAN; states resolution in area of weaopns nonproliferation by IMPLEMENTING NEW ECON SANCTIONS against the following "parent" companies and their subsidiaries to end their proliferation activities: China North Industries Group, Sinopec, Sinosteel, and China Aviation Industry Corporations 1 & 2 1. IRAN Sce1. Israel. A. Chinese companies are continuing to share advanced wMD technology and expertise with Iran (and several other nations) despite the current US sanctions regime. Rademaker, 3-11/-5 www.acronym.org.uk/docs/0503/doc04.htm nuclear establishments iran is on the brink of producing nuclear weapons; newly elected hardline president Ahmadinejad ahs vowed to pursue nuclearization as soon as possible LA Times 6/26/05 Nexis "axis of evil" "move ahead at full speed c. Iran will erach point of no return within 6 months Washington Times 5/24/ 05 washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050524-043712-5381r.htm "point of no return" nuclear bomb D. Iran has made no secret of its paln to launch Nuc attacks against Israel Beres, 4-6-05 WORLDNET DAILY.com "Lake Michigan" treaty obligation first-strike attacks E. Iranian nuclear attack on Israel would kill millions. It would annihilate the entire country Beres 05 worldnet daily.com "Iranian nuclear attack" human rights nuclear war 2. Turkey a. Nuclearization of Iran sparks Turkish nationalism Feiser 1-28-05 www.pinr.com/report.php?ac+view_report&report_id=261&language_id=1 "Turkey's internal political dimensions" military nationalism B. Turkey is a pivot state. A Nationalist foreign policy would cy counterproductive to US interests in Caspian region Larrabee and Lesser 03 http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1612 source of instability "pivot state" C. Turkey critical to prevent Russian expansionism into Caspian Khalilzad Lesser and Larrabee, 00 http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1241 "Russian expansion in the Caspian Basin" D. Russian expansionsim causes nuc war Cohen 1/25/96 Heritage Backgrounder #1065 "reconstituted Russian empire" II PAKISTAN A. China will increase its nuclear and missile assistance to Pakistan despite the repeated imposition of sanctions Malik 4-29-04 China Brief www.jamestown.org "countervail its perceived rivals and enemies" B. Continue Sino-Pakistan Nuclear coop risks war between India and Pakistan Agence France Press 4-12-05 "Pakistan and China" "chasma nuclear power plant" C. nuc war between India and Pakistan would kill 12 million people and destroy the entire Indian subcontinent www.endyorks.gn.apc.org/news/articles/asia/nuclearfear.htm Shankar & McCarthy 02 New York Times May 28 "full-scale nuclear exchange" III. TERRORISM A. Iran and Pakistan are the most likely sources for terrorists to acquire the means to strike the US with nuclear weapons Cohen 5-20-05 heritage Backgrounder 1854 heritage.org "radical islamists military and intelligence services Pakistan B. An act of nuc terrorism would be devastating. It is the overwhelming policy concern Chesney 97 Loyola of LA International and Comparative Law Journal 20:29 November, lexis "human suffering resulting from a detonation" IV PROLIFERATION DIPLOMACY A. US proliferation credibiliyt is weak because of the soft appraoch to Iranian nuclear prolif Levi 04 www.iranwatch.org/privateviews/Brookings/perspex-brookings-emptywords-012104.htm concessionary offering a mechanism B. lack of action to halt Paklstani proliferation has damaged nonprolif credibiliyt and counterterrorism Nolan, 04 www.fpa.org 2/12 "risky approach toward Pakistan" C. US proliferation credibility key to halt global proliferation of nuclear wapons Japan Times 7-4-05 "population centers" "international-control management" ob 2 SOLVENCY -- tension descending A. Redirecting US economic sanctions to target Chinese parent companies will solve. The Chinese would have enormous economic incentives to comply China is extremely vulnerable to US economic leverage while its market economy is still developing Milhollin 05 www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/testimonies/2005/US-China-comm-031005.htm vulnerable to economic pressure B. Your PIC doesn't begin to sovle the case. A combination of diplomacy and tough sanctions when needed is the best way to curb Chinese proliferation Rademaker 05 www.acronym.org.uk/docs/0503/doc04.htm thinking carefully about the issues sustained dialogue C. There is no hope of preventing nuc prolif and nuc terrorism without Chinese cooperation Rademaker 05 see above "rogue states prepared to uose them" D. Plan is the only way to both gain gains Chines compliance in ending its prolif activities and to restore US nonprolif credibility Milhollin 05 economy is the most powerful leverage we have www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/editorials/2005/Sinopec-oped-040705.htm laxity on our part Sinosteel Current US policy awards Chinese prolif. Sanctioning Sinopec itself solves prolif to Iran Kapisthalam 3-11-05 Asia Times "Trade and Development Agency" "winks at blatant Chinese proliferation" Baylor JL @ Missouri State PLAN: The USFG should boycott the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. Solvency: 01- Cognizance A. A US boycott is the only way to force China to respect human rights RSF.Org 2005 (cited above) B. Boycott massively increases diplomatic and economic pressure on China The Applied History Research Group, 2001; http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history C. Inaction in the face of atrocities makes one complicit, risking all life on earth Vetlesen ’00; Journal of Peace Research, v37, n4, p.522) D. The US should link improved human rights performance to participation in the 08 Olympics; Tkacik ’01; Heritage Executive Memorandum #764; http://www.heritage.org E. Boycott is the only way to stand up for the principles of Democracy, and for the symbol of the Olympics; TRIBUNE MEDIA SERVICES, July 18th 01; Advantages/Harms/Scenarios: 02- Complacency A. In preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, the Chinese have ordered a massive crackdown on human rights and dissent of all kinds Reporters Without Borders, RSF.Org 2005; http://www.rsf.org B. The Chinese government has authorized strike-hard campaigns to crush free expression Students for a Free Tibet, ’05; http://www.studentsforafreetibet.org C. These campaigns will last until the 2008 Games are over The Epic Times, 2004; http://english.epochtimes.com/news D. These campaigns lead to the arbitrary execution of dissidents Norbu, ’04; Buying the Dragon’s Teeth; pp66-7. E. These mass executions are taking place in Olympic Stadium! Norbu ’04…. Baylor JL & LO @ UNI Case Area [ X All that Apply ] Trade __ Human Rights _x_ Weapons Proliferation __ Taiwan __ Negative Team: [C Complicity with mass atrocities in Olympic Stadium Plan Text: Advantages: [Titles/Descriptions – Tags/Citations next page…] PLAN: The USFG should boycott the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. Solvency: [Please include all citations, page numbers, tag] 01- Cognizance A. A US boycott is the only way to force China to respect human rights RSF.Org 2005 (cited above) B. Boycott massively increases diplomatic and economic pressure on China The Applied History Research Group, 2001; http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history C. Inaction in the face of atrocities makes one complicit, risking all life on earth Vetlesen ’00; Journal of Peace Research, v37, n4, p.522) D. The US should link improved human rights performance to participation in the 08 Olympics; Tkacik ’01; Heritage Executive Memorandum #764; http://www.heritage.org E. Boycott is the only way to stand up for the principles of Democracy, and for the symbol of the Olympics; TRIBUNE MEDIA SERVICES, July 18th 01; Advantages/Harms/Scenarios: [Please include tags + full citations] 02- Complacency A. In preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, the Chinese have ordered a massive crackdown on human rights and dissent of all kinds Reporters Without Borders, RSF.Org 2005; http://www.rsf.org B. The Chinese government has authorized strike-hard campaigns to crush free expression Students for a Free Tibet, ’05; http://www.studentsforafreetibet.org C. These campaigns will last until the 2008 Games are over The Epic Times, 2004; http://english.epochtimes.com/news D. These campaigns lead to the arbitrary execution of dissidents Norbu, ’04; Buying the Dragon’s Teeth; pp66-7. E. These mass executions are taking place in Olympic Stadium! Norbu ’04…. Baylor LO Round # 5 Shirley Vs. neg Trinity LM Judged by: Richard Tews Plan Text: Same 1AC cites Same Answers to Victimization K Extended the ethics of the case Read a lot more Butler 04 cards about identifying with violence Said it linked to the CP more than the case Answers to Relations and Econ Cuomo 96 – militarism bad Case ethics outweigh and solve for violence Answers to Quiet Diplomacy Counterplan Butler proves that there is no net benefit Vagueness 2AC Tricks Ethics and Butler cards to outweigh 2AR Strategy Ethics Baylor LO Aff Round 4 Shirley vs Team: Harvard KM Judge: Jason Russell Aff about introspectrality. Resolution calls for spectrality.. Produced by our community: states rez. We must make our decision on what our resolution is. Lucy, Professor of Philosophy, Further Explains one Arguments from 2004 (Derrida Dictionary) “No one would say that” “of a gap an absence” How do we name this resolution? We pick Human Rights. We can never know what the resolution will do, but we must take responsibility for it. The spectral identity of the resolution is a political demand and we have a responsibility to respond to that call for Human rights, beyond what is now understood as human or beyond what is now understood as the PRC- a PRC without borders a community of radically emancipated people. More Lucy evidence “Hamlet for one certainly takes that risk” “is always overwhelming” We choose to engage our responsibility through a call that takes place in impossible temporality. This is a lot like Derrida’s affirmation of Marxism. We should think of a world where the PRC is given the promise of emancipation, this is not a stance that probably will happen, but rather howit could happen. We must be willing to break with normal assumptions to affirm our responsibility. Lucy continues “this might seem a long way from politics” “ideas of a programmed future” The advantage of our advocacy is that it leaves open the possibility of engaging the other that would not be open to us in a world of “proper” affirmatives. Even if HR are normally bad, they do not have to be, it is with this attempt at the impossible that we close with a call from Judith Butler in 2004. “If we assume that everyone” “not have universal reach” Baylor LO Round #1 Shirley vs Team: Whitman SS Judge: Sherwood Plan Text USFG will withdraw all economic and diplomatic support for Chinese War on Terror 1ac w/ cites Huigar are being persecuted by PRC China using War on Terror as guise for repressin Huigar PRC defines all separatist movements as terrorists Binary world view mandates continued violence and destruction Value of each life is absolute Must redefine what we consider human (Butler) 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Try to turn all off-case with theory- dispo bad Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes Goes only for dispo bad theory with education impacts 2ar Strategy Notes Baylor LO Aff Round 1 Shirley vs Team:Whitman SS Judge:Sherwood Plan Text: Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the area of human rights by withdrawing all diplomatic and financial support for the People’s Republic of China’s so called “War on Terror” in the Xinjiang province, including granting political asylum to the Uighurs currently detained in Guantanamo Bay. We’ll Clarify. 1ac w/ cites: Same As Case List, Reads Narrative at the end about why individual action leads to governmental action. 2ac: AT: Framework 1. No Extra T Violation 2. Plan has a specific outcome 3. Specific Gitmo Evidence AT: T 1. Don’t distinguish between sanctions and pressure 2. economic pressure is inherently diplomatic pressure 3. diplomatic pressure and econ pressure operation in tandem, cant define individually 4. w/m monetary support 5. DP and economic are the same Land 00 6. WE cut off aid 7. no pot. Abuse AT: CP 1. Vagueness 2. Dispo Bad Australia DA: 1. Links to coutnerplan 2. NO distinction between US Australia and US China relations 3. These are the same answers as the relations DA 1AR: Goes for theory and answers T Baylor LO Pre Shirley Uighurs Aff 01-Complicity a. the US is taking part in Chinese ethnic cleansing against the Uighur under the guise of the War on Terror Kurlantzick '04 (Josh, Current History, Sept. http://www.currenthistory.com/index04.html "Uighur grievances...death penalty capital of the world" b. Labelling the Uighurs and the ETIM as terrorists causes violence; let go of our hunt for terrorists and embrace the other Joseph Zulaika, 2003. Radical History Review, "The Self-Fulfilling Prohecies of Counter-terrorism" "the ultimate catastrophe...global terrorism discourse" c. the biopolitical project of administering life creates the potential to destroy all ife; the compassion by which life is protected generates the reciprocal ability to cause extinction Bernauer '90. Michel Foucault: Force of Thought. "a political technology...our own necks" PLAN: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC in the area of human rights by: Ffirst, withdrawing all diplomatic and financial support for China so-called "War on Terror" in the Xinjiang province. Second, by implementing non-trade sanctions against the PRC if it continues its repression of the Uighur. 02 We must constantly pass human rights legislation that attempts to re-include the human; despitye the fact that lots of people in the world want us to think that the Uighuir are terrorists, they are still humans and deserve the same courtesy that I extend to every other human. Failure to redefine our community through human rights legislation ensures continued violence against people like the Uighur Judith Butler, Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence, 2004. p.XII-XIII. "If we assume...universal reach" Baylor RT Aff Round 8 Shirley vs Catholic SP Judge:Heather Barnes All same except an impact turn to EU-US relations Relations kill US hege Van Oudenaren 05’ [John, The National Interest, summer 2005 L/N] 1ac w/ cites 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Baylor RT Aff Round 6 Shirley vs Team: Pittsburgh FW Judge: Eric Forslund Plan Text Same. 1ac w/ cites Same. 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, None. Answers To Off Case Args Engagement bad – containment good. Baylor RT Aff Round #3 Shirley vs Team: Samford MR Judge: Shawn Powers Plan Text same 1ac w/ cites same 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, nope Answers To Off Case Args Defense. Answers To Major Case Args Generic solvency debate … apply 1ac ev 1ar Strategy Notes Went for theory 2ar Strategy Notes Went for theory Baylor RT Vs Texas DT Shirley Round 1 Judged by Josh Gonzalez THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE ITS DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE AREAS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION BY CUTTING OFF ALL FUTURE BILATERAL U.S.-CHINESE ECONOMIC RELATIONS UNTIL CHINA AGREES TO END ALL MILITARY AND ECONOMIC SUPPORT FOR AND COOPERATION WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL AND THE ROYAL NEPALESE ARMY. THIS WILL BE RELAYED TO CHINA THROUGH NORMAL MEANS. WE GET TO CLARIFY INTENT. Baylor RT Pre Shirley NEPAL 1AC CONTENTION 1: Trouble in the Himalayas. A. Although the U.S. has ended its support for the Nepalese government since the coup in February, China has is increase its diplomatic and economic support for the Royal Nepalese Military. Sangraula 10/27/05 (Bikash, OhmyNews International {Korea}; http://english.ohmynews.com/index.asp) B. China’s aid is directly aimed at enhancing the power of the Nepalese military. BBC Worldwide 10/25/05 [“Nepal to receive military aid from China.” Pg. L/N] ADVANTAGE 1: Human Rights A. Arms sales to the Nepalese government directly fuel human rights abuses and conflict in Nepal. Washington Times 7/2/05 [Chitra Tiwari, sw, LN, p.a8] “Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have been pressing Nepal's past arms suppliers not to resume the arms flow…” B. The Nepalese government systematically tortures it’s people as a part of its counter-insurgency tactics. Associated Press 9/16/05 (Binaj Gurubacharya, LN) “Armed forces in Nepal routinely torture Maoist rebels to extract confessions or information” C. Continued arming of the Nepalese military will directly lead to genocide and war in Nepal. Tiwari ’05 [Chitra, Washington-based journalist and analyst. He writes frequently for The Washington Times. He formerly was a lecturer in political science at Nepal’s Tribhuvan University. “Nepal: The Completion of a Coup?” http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/02/10/1545238] ADVANTAGE 2: Indo-Sino Conflict A. King Gyanendra’s coup has only made things worse. Continued financial and military support of the military guarantees the conflict will escalate and prevent peace talks by emboldening the Maoist rebels. The Economist 4/16/05 [“Special Report - Himalayan horrors: Nepal” l/n] B. Nepal is on the brink of collapse – this would lead to massive bloodletting and international confrontation. Seattle Times 8/25/05 [Matt Macallester, NEWSDAY, ln] “Nestled between the emerging nuclear superpowers of China and India, Nepal is teetering on the brink” C. Collapse of the Nepalese government would cause intervention by India and China. This would escalate into a major power struggle erupting in conflict between the two nuclear-armed rivals. Dillion ’03 [Dana Robert is a senior policy analyst in the Asian Studies Center at the Heritage Foundation. “Preventing the Maoist Overthrow of Nepal.” An Executive Memorandum #862. http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/em862.cfm] D. War between India and China would go nuclear, killing tens of millions of people and spreading radioactive dust into the stratosphere. Wilson ‘99,[Nicholas, MBChB, FAFPHM, MPH.“Regional Nuclear War in South Asia: Effects on Surrounding Countries. http://www.ippnw.org/MGS/V6N1Wilson.html] ADVANTAGE 3: India-Pakistan Conflict A. Internal upheaval will cause Nepal to become a haven for terrorists. Wiencek ’05 [David G., President of International Security Group, Inc., and co-editor of Asian Security Handbook: Terrorism and the New Security Environment (M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2005). “China’s Geopolitical Maneuvering in the Himalayas” ChinaBrief Vol. 5, Issue 11: May 10, 2005] B. The Naxalites sponsor terrorism in Kashmir. A bolstered Maoist-Naxalite stronghold would lead to increased support for separatists in Kashmir. Observer Research Foundation ’05 [“PWG Firepower Increasing” http://www.observerindia.com/analysis/A017.htm] C. The greatest threat to the peace process between India and Pakistan is Kashmiri terrorism. Escalating terrorist attacks on India will collapse the peace process. Kumar ’05 [Dr. Dinesh, research consultant for the The Jersusalem Insititute of Western Defence “India and Pakistan: Converging Interests for Peace.” July 2005 D. Collapse of the peace process causes war between India and Pakistan. Meyerle ’05 [Gerald, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Politics, University of Virginia. “The Shaky Peace over Kashmir” in the Logos, a journal of modern society & culture. http://www.logosjournal.com/issue_4.1/meyerle.htm] E. Conventional war between India and Pakistan would escalate to nuclear war. Smith ’02 [Stephen A., master’s thesis for the Naval Postgraduate School's Department of National Security Affairs. “Assessing the Risk of Inadvertent Nuclear War Between India and Pakistan.” http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/research/theses/smith02.pdf] THUS CHRIS AND I ARE RESOLVED: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE ITS DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE AREAS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION BY CONDITIONING ALL FUTURE BILATERAL U.S.-CHINESE ECONOMIC RELATIONS UPON CHINESE AGREEMENT TO END ALL MILITARY AND ECONOMIC SUPPORT FOR AND COOPERATION WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL AND THE ROYAL NEPALESE ARMY. THE THREAT OF THESE CONDITIONS WILL BE RELAYED TO CHINA THROUGH NORMAL MEANS. WE GET TO CLARIFY INTENT. CONTENTION 2: Solvency A. The U.S. should link future bilateral U.S.-China trade relations to China’s agreement to end its support for the government of Nepal. Tkacik ‘05 [John, China expert @ Heritage, DAILY TIMES (PAKISTAN), 4-4-05 http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_4-4-2005_pg4_2] B. The U.S. should pressure China to contribute to a diplomatic solution to the civl war in Nepal – Chinese military aid to the government only fuels the cycle of violence and human rights abuses. States News Service 9-22-05 [Page Lexis-Nexis] “human rights abuses both by Maoist rebels and the military are widespread in Nepal.” C. The threat of U.S. economic sanctions on China over its military aid to the Nepalese government is enough to solve, China won’t risk it’s trade relations with the U.S. Sangraula 10-27-05 (Bikash, OhmyNews International {Korea}; http://english.ohmynews.com/index.asp) D. China is key – the P.R.C. has influence and leverage over the government of Nepal. Bam ’05 [Krishna Singh, guest editor, Scoop Independent News; http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0506/S00402.htm] Baylor RT @ UNI Negative Team: [C “Security Council Aff” A1—Miscalculation A2—Israeli disclosure A3- The Caspian Scenario 1—Iran-Russia Conflict Scenario 2—Russian Economy A4- Turkish Nationalism Plan Text: Advantages: [Titles/Descriptions – Tags/Citations next page…] PLAN: THE USFG SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE ITS DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE AREA OF WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION BY PLACING SMART SANCTIONS ON CHINESE PARENT COMPANIES IF CHINA REFUSES TO SUPPORT OR AT LEAST ABSTAIN FROM UNITED NATIONS SANCTIONS ON IRAN. Solvency: [Please include all citations, page numbers, tag] O2- Solvency A. UN sanctions on Iran are key to check prolif Wisconsin Project ‘05….http://www.iranwatch.org (cited above) B. Even minor UN sanctions lay the groundwork for future action on Iran Wisconsin Project ’04…(cited above) C. Only pressure and sanctions on Iran will solve Sneh 12-13-03; http://www.mediamonitors.net D. US must pressure China to prevent a Chinese Veto Tkacik, Sept. 2. ’05; John, http://www.heritage.org E. Only the UN solves; Iran will bow to UN pressure Friedman 2-28-05; National Review, LN F. Unilateral sanctions fail; only multilateral UN action solves Perkovich & Manzanero ’04; Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, www.ceip.org Advantages/Harms/Scenarios: [Please include tags + full citations] O1- Inherency A. U.S. must move quickly to ensure Iran doesn’t nuclearize; Ahmadinejad has crushed moves for reform in Iran; Scotland on Sunday, 8-14-05, LN, “Tehran is uncompromising” B. U.S. will take Iran to the UN Security Council sometime in September, they will push for UN nonprolif sanctions. Charleston Gazette, 8-15-04; “800-pound gorilla of American foreign policy” C. Iran’s nuclear program is not peaceful; they are developing nukes and delivery systems; Washington Quarterly, 28.3. (2005)’ Kathleen McInnis D. China will Veto UN sanctions o Iraq in the SQ; Agence France Press 8-12-05; “China needs to keep firing”. PLAN: THE USFG SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE ITS DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE AREA OF WEAPONS NONPROLIFERATION BY PLACING SMART SANCTIONS ON CHINESE PARENT COMPANIES IF CHINA REFUSES TO SUPPORT OR AT LEAST ABSTAIN FROM UNITED NATIONS SANCTIONS ON IRAN. A1—Miscalculation Iran nuclearization =s nuclear war and miscalculation, even a small conflict coujld escalate Wisconsin Project on nuclear arms control, ’05; http://www.iranwatch.org A2—Israeli disclosure A. Iranian nuclearization causes Israel to disclose its nuclear capabilities McInnis ’05 (cited above) B. Israeli disclosure spurs regional arms race and mutually assured destruction within 5 years; Farr ’99; No.2 USAF Counterproliferation Center Air War College; http://64.233.179.104 A3- The Caspian Scenario 1—Iran-Russia Conflict Scenario 1—Iran-Russia Conflict A. Iran will exploit its nuclear advantage to jockey for control of the Caspian Schake & Yaphe ’01; “The Strategic Implications of a Nuclear Armed Iran.” http://scholar.google.com B. Iranian intervention in Caspian =s war with Russia Zaborski ’05; TWQ: Reassessing Deterrence, Vol.28, n3, p.153, Summer 05 C. This leads to Russian nuclear first-strikes on Iran Zaborski ‘05 Scenario 2—Russian Economy A. Iran will cutoff Russia from Caspian oil revenues Zaborski ‘05 B. Oil revenues are key to Russian economic stability Moscow Times, Dec. 9, 04; http://www.themoscowtimes.com C. Russian economic collapse causes nuclear civil war John David, Foreign Affairs, J/F ‘99 A4- Turkish Nationalism A. Nuclear Iran =s nationalism and instability in Turkey Jon Feiser, 1-28-05; http://www.pinr.com B. Turkey is a pivot state; instability hurts US interests in the Caspian Larabee & Lesser ’05; http://www.rand.org C. Stable Turkey is key to prevent Russian military expansion in the Caspian Khalilizhad, Larabee, & Lesser, ’00; http://www.rand.org D. Russian military adventurism =s nuclear war; Cohen ’96; Heritage Foundation Backgrounder #1065; Binghamton Binghamton @ Buffalo obs 1: inherency -sex work bad in hong kong -china has ability to stop it but wont -people being abused = HR violation pln text: that the USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC in the area of human rights by using the 2000 Victims Protection Act to through the Department of State and changing Hong Kong's tier status in order to cause China to become a member of the Trafficking Protocol. obs 2: solvency -the VPA solves -the Protocol solves -taking a stance through the govt solves obs 3: AIDS -trafficking = AIDS -trafficking AIDS kills 100 thousands annually -ending trafficking solves 80% of AIDS infections Binghamton GM (Jake Gartman & Matt Malia) @ Richmond Observation One: Inherency Darfur is on the brink of a rapid increase in death rate and there is new genocide brewing in Eastern Sudan at the hands of the Sudanese government – A sustained effort to stop the violence must be made. Washington Post, 7-9-2005, “A Chance for Sudan,” p. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/08/AR2005070801677_pf.html SUDAN IS SET to acquire a new government of national unity …who recently repeated that the Darfur killings amounted to genocide, must ensure that there is no ambiguity this time. In Darfur specifically, current violence has pushed international aid organizations to the brink of withdrawal which would cause rapid deterioration. Eric Reeves, 9-7-2005, Prof of English Language & Literature @ Smith College - has spent the past six years working full-time as a Sudan researcher and analyst & has testified before Congress as well as working as a consultant to human rights and humanitarian organizations, "The Failure of the African Union in Darfur: Much too little, much too late," sudanreeves.org This last threat must be taken extremely seriously, … by Khartoum's National Islamic Front). The Bush administration has changed its course for Sudan – it has decided that the war on terror should come before stopping the genocide. Joel Wendland, managing editor at Political Affairs magazine, 6-20-2005, “Sudan: Bush Favors Agenda Over Stopping Genocide,” PoliticalAffairs.net, p. http://politicalaffairs.net/article/view/1332/1/102 The Bush administration thinks that genocide is less… after it labeled the crimes in Darfur as genocide. Without US action China will remain the driving force behind the genocide in Darfur: Chinese state-operated oil firms are Sudan’s largest supplier of arms and funds which allow the government-backed violence to continue. Peter S. Goodman, 12-23-2004, “China invests heavily in Sudan’s oil industry,” The Washington Post, p. http://www.sudantribune.com/article_impr.php3?id_article=7165 Only seven miles south, the rebel army that controls … then swept through with rifles and more than 20 tanks. Investments by Chinese state-operated oil firms are the lynchpin – China buys 70 percent of Sudan’s oil and has invested over three billion dollars in the operation. Michael Orona, 12-23-2004, “China’s Lack of Fuel Sparks Crisis in Darfur,” Sudan Tribune, p. http://www.sudantribune.com/article_impr.php3?id_article=7152 The camps are where those fortunate to finish the trek call home, while the most vulnerable, … continue to fund the Jinjaweed militia and keep Darfur burning. Genocide attacks social vitality and destroys cultural meaning – it makes both life and death meaningless. Claudia Card, Winter 2003, Philosophy Prof @ U of Wisconsin-Madison, “Genocide and Social Death,” Hypatia, Vol.18, Iss. 1, p. 63 Specific to genocide is the harm inflicted on its … meaninglessness of one's life and even of its termination. PLAN TEXT: United States diplomats should condemn support of human rights violations in the Republic of the Sudan by the People’s Republic of China and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission should prohibit state owned oil enterprises of the People's Republic of China that operate in the Republic of the Sudan from raising United States capital or from trading their securities in any capital market in the United States until the United Nations Secretary-General’s reports to the United Nations Security Council verify that crimes against humanity are no longer occurring in the Republic of the Sudan. The UN Secretary-General reports to the Security Council monthly on the status of Sudan: UN Security Council Resolution 1556, adopted in 2004 at its 5015th meeting, July 30th, S/RES/1556 Adopted by the Security Council at its 5015th meeting, on 30 July 2004 The Security Council, [continues…] 6. Demands that the Government of Sudan fulfil its commitments to disarm the Janjaweed militias and apprehend and bring to justice Janjaweed leaders and their associates who have incited and carried out human rights and international humanitarian law violations and other atrocities, and further requests the Secretary-General to report in 30 days, and monthly thereafter, to the Council on the progress or lack thereof by the Government of Sudan on this matter and expresses its intention to consider further actions, including measures as provided for in Article 41 of the Charter of the United Nations on the Government of Sudan, in the event of non-compliance; Observation Two: Solvency Sudan’s massive debt requires the expansion of oil infrastructure – capital market sanctions against oil firms would become a pressure point to force compromise and bring peace. John Prendergast, 6-5-2002, International Crisis Group and fmr dir of African affairs at the NSC, House International Relations Committee Testimony, “Following the Danforth Report: Defining the Next Step on the Path to Peace in Sudan” Thanks very much, Congressman[sic]. You know, the debt … the private sector and hold on to that bar. Capital market sanctions would force Chinese oil firms out of Sudan or make them use their diplomatic influence to push for peace. Casey Institute at the Center for Security Policy, 2001, No. 01-C 46, July 19th, “Why Would the Bush Team Eschew Use of Capital Markets Sanctions When a Potential Target Agrees They Would Work?” p. http://www.security-policy.org/papers/2001/01-C46.html Notwithstanding mounting official U.S. concern … expanding oil revenues and its patrons become ever-more-invested, and implicated, in its misdeeds. Our narrow approach to divestment sends a more direct message to the firms by keeping the possibility of future divestment open. Robert Stumberg, 2000, Prof of Law and Clinical Director of the Harrison Institute for Public Law @ Georgetown U Law Center, “CROSBEY V. NATIONAL FOREIGN TRADE COUNCIL (“NFTC”),” Law and Policy in International Business (32 Law & Pol'y Int'l Bus. 109), p. L/N The most persuasive reasons to balk at wholesale divestment … and reduce the cost of implementing divestment. n160 And, the SEC is capable of doing the plan – it is already sensitive to human rights. Stephen F. Diamond, 2003, Assist Prof of Law @ Santa Clara U & Visiting Assist Prof of Law @ Cornell, “The PetroChina Syndrome: Regulating Capital Markets in the Anti-Globalization Era,” Journal of Corporation Law, 29 Iowa J. Corp. L. 39, fall, p. L/N The core principle behind capital market regulation in the …and the impact of such investments on human rights. n186 Observation Three: Framework Remaining passive in the face of ongoing genocide perpetuates the possibility for future genocide, which requires us to send a signal of dissent to would-be perpetuators of genocide. An affirmative ballot sends this signal of this denouncement whereas non-action or negation of the message behind our affirmative is a deliberate form of silence that must be rejected to avoid becoming uniquely responsible. Samantha Power, 2002, exec director of Carr Center for Human Rights, JFK School of Gov’t @ Harvard, The New Killing Fields, “Raising the Cost of Genocide,” p 254-255 It is difficult, in retrospect, to ascertain what a … as consent or even support. Not acting to stop genocide is complicity that supports genocide. Arne Johan Vetleson, 2000, Dept of Philosophy, U of Oslo, “Genocide: A Case for the Responsibility of the Bystander,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol 37, No 4, p. 522 But this is not the whole picture. Actions are also … bystander who decides to remain inactive. Additionally, the logic of traditional policy making results in this complacency by deferring to the primacy of stopping apocalyptic scenarios such as the “war on terror.” This attempt to foreground inter-nation-state conflict as predominant ignores the ongoing forms of violence, which are created out of a logic of biopolitics that reduces us to passive subjects in the service of state violence. This means that any attempt to assume such a framework furthers the biopolitical structures of governments external to ourselves, which is also an in-round implication. Peter Coviello, 1999, assist prof of English @ Bowdoin College, Queer Frontiers, ed b Joseph Allen Boone, p. 40-41 Perhaps. But to claim that American culture is at present … otherwise, seems a civic initiative that can scarcely be done without. This is the largest impact in the round since the production of the population as subjects of biopower is what enables all modern warfare, genocide, and nuclear destruction. Michel Foucault, 1978, History of Sexuality Vol. 1, trans b Robert Hurly, p. 136-137 Since the classical age the West has … the species, the race, and the large-scale phenomena of population. Fortunately, the American public is more concerned about genocide than politicians. Our advocacy creates education about this gap which creates real challenges to the current norm of complicity and creates resistance to status-quo politics, this is a unique reason to prefer our framework since it breaks from the traditional apocalyptic focus of international politics. Herbert Hirsch, 2002, Gov’t/Human Rights Prof @ Virginia Commonwealth U, Anti-Genocide: Building an American Movement to Prevent Genocide, pp 54-55 What is clear is that with leadership, intelligence and … by creating the mechanisms to put pressure on the policy-making institutions. Finally, our activism and education about ongoing complicity in genocide helps to cultivate an ethic of care towards the subjects of political violence. Through this framework, we can create a movement with credible demands for a real world political response. Naomi Kaplan, spring 2003, staff writer “A Failure of Perspective: Moral Assumptions and Genocide,” Boston College Third World Law Journal (23 B.C. Third World L.J. 359), p. L/N >From an ethic of care perspective, there are numerous … broadening demands of American politicians. n150 Case Western DP (Nick Denissen & Robert Pitingilo) *This affirmative was run by Nick Denissen and another partner at GSU* We start with a short quote from Confucius describing the positive aspects of the concept of Great Harmony Confucius’ Great Harmony. http://www.noogenesis.com/Confucius/harmony.html This English translation is by Dr. Shih-shun Liu. The Chinese Book of Rites inspired Chinese thinkers and others around the world, appealing to these desires for egalitarianism. Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] The application of Great Harmony is limited - it grew out of the agricultural society Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Great Harmony’s application remains out of touch with everyday struggles. Its transcendent nature is ineffective Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Observation Two outlines the transition of international power relations Capitalist production and global relations of power has transformed IR. Need to re-examine Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Contemporary communication, collaboration, cooperation, and knowledge is suspended in the transnational web of Empire. This is the ontological root of war Hardt & Negri 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. August 2004. Penguin Putnam Empire means the political apparatus is but a ploy to obscure power relations. Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt In fact, traditional critiques of imperialism are misplaced in the era of Empire Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Empire is biopower. Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Biopower guarantees extinction. Foucault 1976. The History of Sexuality Volume I: An Introduction. P136-7 Thickening of the police function merely proves annihilation is inevitable Hardt & Negri 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. August 2004. Penguin Putnam Unfortunately, Hardt and Negri’s critique can’t mobilize. Juxtaposition with Chinese texts is key Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Denissen and I affirm: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China to employ harmony-with-difference toward Taiwan. Now, we intend to use the affirmative as the starting point for discussion. It is not our contention that our textual advocacy operates in a vacuum and therefore renders negative responses inapplicable. Rather, Denissen and I contend that the conception of diplomatic and economic pressure applied by one sovereign nation to another is, in the era of Empire, an empty gesture. We believe our affirmation signifies a radical potentiality for the juxtaposition of many forms of thought. This affirmation facilitates discussion and critique of status quo policy. Observation Three engages in a discussion of harmony-with-difference First, harmony-with-difference builds on Great Harmony but does not define a territorial utopia. Instead, it chooses to describe the site of resistance as the immanent Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Harmony-with-difference is a unique approach to Taiwan. Like the “One Country, Two Systems” approach to Hong Kong, harmony-with-difference successfully juxtaposes Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] We re-examine the Enlightenment era. Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] We open up the curtain on the ontological drama of Empire Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt RND 2: Plan- USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on PRC by amending current sanctions laws to include the sanctioning of Chinese state-owned parent companies of corporations found to be contributing to Iranian chemical weapons proliferation. This includes but is not limited to Sinopec. Binghamton MN (Marianito Mabutas & Xiong Ni) @ Richmond Aff: sex trafficking Plan Text: Therefore, we present the following plan that the United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China in the area of trade by having Bush issue and executive order that authorizes the use of sanctions as per the Victim's Protection Act through the Department of State by diplomatically changing Hong Kong to a tier three nation until China complies with the International Labor Organization's standards in regards to sex trafficking Case: Inherency While Hong Kong claims almost all sex work is willful they fail to account for the working conditions they're coerced to working in since the gov fails to do thorough research Robyn Emerton 2004 ("Translating International and Regional Trafficking Norms Into Domestic Reality: A Hong Kong Case Study", Buffalo Human Rights Law Review 10, 214 L/N) "Much more information has been available in the last few years......the government will be expressly required to do so. n126" the present debate shifts focus away from the slavery like conditions Tala Hartsough 2002 ("Asylum for trafficked women: escape strategies beyond the T vise", Hastings Women's Law Journal, 13, 77, L/N) cnb "Consent to prostitution and consent to trafficking......buy, sell, and hold women in forced labor" this results in universalizing rehtoric which furthers victimization Kamala Kempadoo 1998 ("introduction: globalizing sex worker's rights", Global Sex Workers: Rights, Resistance, and Redefinition, p 13-14) Third World and anti-racist feminisms...prostitute writings about the sex trade." as a result, hong kong policies go after sex workers instead of traffickers--more oppression Robyn Emerton--same "Hand-in-hand with their crackdown on prostitution syndicates...and suggest areas for improvement." result is demonization of sex-workers that creates dichotomy between good and bad girls nd replicates masculinist hegemony Kempadoo--same, p 4-6 "Perhaps on of the most confounding......as feminine and masculine subjects." This situation demands aciton because patriarchy is the root of war an violence--o/w and n/u all--systemic violence Rosemary Reuther 1984 (Feminism and Peace, www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title85 ) "The exaltation of war in male culture...the root of both patriarchy and war." Therefore, we present the following plan that the United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China in the area of trade by having Bush issue and executive order that authorizes the use of sanctions as per the Victim's Protection Act through the Department of State by diplomatically changing Hong Kong to a tier three nation until China complies with the International Labor Organization's standards in regards to sex trafficking Obs 2 is Solvency the refusal to deal with sex-trafficking prevents current solvency Shelley Inglis 2001 ("Expanding International and National Protections Against Trafficking For Forced Labor Using a Human Rights Framework", Buffalo HR L R 7, 55, L/N) "The International Labor Organization (ILO) has recently......dealing directly with prosititution as an economic sector."" the ILO is perfect f/w for improving conditions in sex-work, making quesiton of consent irrelevant Inglis--same "Although the ILO maintains that it cannot advocate...prostitution as an important instance of unprotected labor." Using an executive order through the Vic Prot Act is hte best way to promote attention and increase educaiton Kelly O'Meara 2003 ("Bush Taking Battle to the sex trade; President George W. Bush has appealed to the world's governments for help in combatting human trafficking and shutting down the grim 'underground of brutality'", Insight on the News 11/24/03) "As defined by the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000...It's got to start with education." by viewing sex work as another form of labor, we can overthrow system of patriarchy Momocca Momocco 1998 ("japanese sex worker", Global Sex Workers: Rights, Resistance, and Redefinition, p 180) "Sex work should be regarded as an established form...he or she will be upset and I hesitate." Patriarchal society is the root of the dichotomy bet bad an good girls, thus we solve Trapalis Spring 2002 ("Comment: Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: A Step Towards Eradicating the Trafficking of Women into greece for Forced Prostitution", 32 Golden Gate Univeristy Law Review 207) "A traditional patriarchal society adopts a maleprivledged...such as the trafficking of women." Our stance is crucial because the current process of viewing sex-trafficking will affect future frameworks and cause snowball Inglis, same- "The current process of addressing trafficking in new international prohibitions...as expressed in the 1949 Convention." community pressure is the only way to solve Stephanie Farrior 1997 ("The International Law on Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution", 10 Harvard Human Rights Journal 213) "A broad range of treaties relate to the trafficking of women and children...involved in different forms of trafifcking with sexuality."" Obs 3 is Mutating Annihilation sex work conditions are responsible for mutating the AIDs virus to becoming allpowerful Holly Burkhalter 6/25/2003 (Federal News Service) "The vulnerability of trafficked women to sexually transmitted diseases is compounded...having sex with a virgin will cure a person of AIDS." will cause AIDS to go airborne and resulting in a fate worse than death Tom Kerns 11/23/1999 ("AIDS and Apocalyptics For Questioning Millenium Madness", www.bioethicscourse.info/aidsite/lec-millemad.html ) ""We know that HIV is still evolving...the structural cohesion of the community is almost certain to collapse."" such a mutation risks extinction--biggest impact Michael Kibaara Muchiri 3/6/2000 ("Will Annan Finally Put Out Africa's Fires", The Jakarta Post, L/N) "Statistics show that AIDS is the leading killer in sub-Saharan Africa...end of the black race and maybe the human race." for answers to T--is exclusionary, we need the freedom to express ourselves in different forms of discourse, which is how the round should be evaluated for nuclear war--Kato critique (run it like threat con) Alternate Plan Text/Solvency Mechanism: By using 2000 VPA through Department of State and changing Hong Kong’s Tier status in order to casue China to become a member of Trafficking Protocol Binghamton MN (Mabutas & Ni) @ Liberty Aff: sex trafficking Plan Text: Therefore, we present the following plan that the United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China in the area of trade by having Bush issue and executive order that authorizes the use of sanctions as per the Victim's Protection Act through the Department of State by diplomatically changing Hong Kong to a tier three nation until China complies with the International Labor Organization's standards in regards to sex trafficking Case: Inherency While Hong Kong claims almost all sex work is willful they fail to account for the working conditions they're coerced to working in since the gov fails to do thorough research Robyn Emerton 2004 ("Translating International and Regional Trafficking Norms Into Domestic Reality: A Hong Kong Case Study", Buffalo Human Rights Law Review 10, 214 L/N) "Much more information has been available in the last few years......the government will be expressly required to do so. n126" the present debate shifts focus away from the slavery like conditions Tala Hartsough 2002 ("Asylum for trafficked women: escape strategies beyond the T vise", Hastings Women's Law Journal, 13, 77, L/N) cnb "Consent to prostitution and consent to trafficking......buy, sell, and hold women in forced labor" this results in universalizing rehtoric which furthers victimization Kamala Kempadoo 1998 ("introduction: globalizing sex worker's rights", Global Sex Workers: Rights, Resistance, and Redefinition, p 13-14) Third World and anti-racist feminisms...prostitute writings about the sex trade." as a result, hong kong policies go after sex workers instead of traffickers--more oppression Robyn Emerton--same "Hand-in-hand with their crackdown on prostitution syndicates...and suggest areas for improvement."   result is demonization of sex-workers that creates dichotomy between good and bad girls nd replicates masculinist hegemony Kempadoo--same, p 4-6 "Perhaps on of the most confounding......as feminine and masculine subjects."   This situation demands aciton because patriarchy is the root of war an violence--o/w and n/u all--systemic violence Rosemary Reuther 1984 (Feminism and Peace, www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title85) "The exaltation of war in male culture...the root of both patriarchy and war." Therefore, we present the following plan that the United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China in the area of trade by having Bush issue and executive order that authorizes the use of sanctions as per the Victim's Protection Act through the Department of State by diplomatically changing Hong Kong to a tier three nation until China complies with the International Labor Organization's standards in regards to sex trafficking Obs 2 is Solvency the refusal to deal with sex-trafficking prevents current solvency Shelley Inglis 2001 ("Expanding International and National Protections Against Trafficking For Forced Labor Using a Human Rights Framework", Buffalo HR L R 7, 55, L/N) "The International Labor Organization (ILO) has recently......dealing directly with prosititution as an economic sector."" the ILO is perfect f/w for improving conditions in sex-work, making quesiton of consent irrelevant Inglis--same "Although the ILO maintains that it cannot advocate...prostitution as an important instance of unprotected labor." Using an executive order through the Vic Prot Act is hte best way to promote attention and increase educaiton Kelly O'Meara 2003 ("Bush Taking Battle to the sex trade; President George W. Bush has appealed to the world's governments for help in combatting human trafficking and shutting down the grim 'underground of brutality'", Insight on the News 11/24/03) "As defined by the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000...It's got to start with education." by viewing sex work as another form of labor, we can overthrow system of patriarchy Momocca Momocco 1998 ("japanese sex worker", Global Sex Workers: Rights, Resistance, and Redefinition, p 180) "Sex work should be regarded as an established form...he or she will be upset and I hesitate." Patriarchal society is the root of the dichotomy bet bad an good girls, thus we solve Trapalis Spring 2002 ("Comment: Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: A Step Towards Eradicating the Trafficking of Women into greece for Forced Prostitution", 32 Golden Gate Univeristy Law Review 207) "A traditional patriarchal society adopts a maleprivledged...such as the trafficking of women."   Our stance is crucial because the current process of viewing sex-trafficking will affect future frameworks and cause snowball Inglis, same- "The current process of addressing trafficking in new international prohibitions...as expressed in the 1949 Convention." community pressure is the only way to solve Stephanie Farrior 1997 ("The International Law on Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution", 10 Harvard Human Rights Journal 213) "A broad range of treaties relate to the trafficking of women and children...involved in different forms of trafifcking with sexuality."" Obs 3 is Mutating Annihilation sex work conditions are responsible for mutating the AIDs virus to becoming allpowerful Holly Burkhalter 6/25/2003 (Federal News Service) "The vulnerability of trafficked women to sexually transmitted diseases is compounded...having sex with a virgin will cure a person of AIDS." will cause AIDS to go airborne and resulting in a fate worse than death Tom Kerns 11/23/1999 ("AIDS and Apocalyptics For Questioning Millenium Madness", www.bioethicscourse.info/aidsite/lec-millemad.html) ""We know that HIV is still evolving...the structural cohesion of the community is almost certain to collapse."" such a mutation risks extinction--biggest impact Michael Kibaara Muchiri 3/6/2000 ("Will Annan Finally Put Out Africa's Fires", The Jakarta Post, L/N) "Statistics show that AIDS is the leading killer in sub-Saharan Africa...end of the black race and maybe the human race."   for answers to T--is exclusionary, we need the freedom to express ourselves in different forms of discourse, which is how the round should be evaluated for nuclear war--Kato critique (run it like threat con) Binghamton RS (Stecker & Rodriguez) @ Liberty vs Human Rights/ Africa aff Topicality: must specify sanctions details pressure can’t be softline Kritiks: Awakening (Wallace) Orientalism (Said) Threat Construction (Lipshitz) HR = tool of western dominance Nuclearism (Cato) The Awakening Shell First, by attempting to push off death the aff only continues to ensure an eternal form of suffering through their focus on a quick fix that pushes death off to the nebulous future where it no longer appears threatening Wallace 1993 (Alan Monk. Scholar, Teacher, and Practiinoer) Tbetan Buddhism, Wisdom Publications: Somerville, Massachusetts) p. 11-12 All of us acknowledge that one day we will die. In fact,….. “I” who experiences thes changing events remains essentially the same. Fortunately, by simply accepting death and political defeat we all have a psychic inwardness that must proceed action and which can prevent the worst of tragedies Armstrong 01 (Karn teache at ledback college in 99 muslim public affairs concel media award winner, Buddha, penguin books, London england p 18-19 The Hebrew prophets overturneds….and sought to integreate it within the conditions of daily life. Threat construction (Lipschintz) Binghamton OS (Tamara Osdoby & Erica Shapiro) @ Richmond Sex Trafficking Plan Text The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic & economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the area of trade by having Bush issue an executive order that authorizes the use of sanctions as per the Victim’s Protection Act through the Department of State by diplomatically changing Hong Kong to a tier three nation until China complies with the International Labor Organization’s standards in regards to sex-trafficking. Case Structure/Advantages Observation 1 Inherency 1. Hong Kong claims its sex workers are willful but they’re not—in the working conditions they’re in (Emerton 2004, Havtsovoin 2002) 2. Hong Kong goes after sex workers and not traffickers (Emerton 2004) 3. Demonization of sex workers between good & bad girls (Kempadoo 1998) Observation 2 Solvency 1. Issue of trade not human rights (Inglis 2001) 2. ILO has standards to improve conditions (Inglis 2001) 3. Executive order is the way to go (O’Meara 2003) Observation 3 1. Mutation of AIDS (Burkhalter 2004) 2. Saves lives (Burkhalter 2004) 3. Airborne (Kems 1999) 4. Extinction of everyone (Muchiri 2000) Therefore, we present the following plan that the USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC in the area of trade by having Bush issue an exec order that authorizes the use of sanctions as per the VPA through the Dept of State by diplomatically changing Hong Kong to a tier 3 nation until China complies with the international labor organization’s standards in regards to sex trafficking. Obs 1: inherency Not good wking conditions gov not accurate Emerton 04 Consenting is ok but slave like conditions aren’t Harsough 02 Police are after sex wkers and not trafficers. Emerton 04 Good and bad girls=mask hedge Kempadoo 98 Take action Reuther 84 Solvency: Deal with it as a trade issue to solve Inglis 01 ILO standards increase wking conditions and consent is not an issue. Adults can choose. Inglis 01 Exec order w VPA O Meara 03 Sex work is labor. Patriarchy argument. Momocco 98 Patriarchy society causes conditions of sex trafficking by taking a stance against gendered violence we can overcome the dichotomy of good and bad girls and eradicate such inequality. Trapalis 02 VPA needed then sanctions if countries fail to meet minimal standards. Inglis 01 Community pressure Farrior 97 Obs 3: Oppressive conditions cause AIDS to mutilate Burkhalter 03 Solve problem of sex trafficking saves hundreds of thousands of lives Burkhalter 03 Airborne Kerns 99 Mutations=future extinction. Big impact. Muchiri 00 Binghamton OS (Osdoby & Shapiro) aff vs. Richmond MW Sex Trafficking Plan Text The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic & economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the area of trade by having Bush issue an executive order that authorizes the use of sanctions as per the Victim’s Protection Act through the Department of State by diplomatically changing Hong Kong to a tier three nation until China complies with the International Labor Organization’s standards in regards to sex-trafficking. Case Structure/Advantages Observation 1 Inherency 1. Hong Kong claims its sex workers are willful but they’re not—in the working conditions they’re in (Emerton 2004, Havtsovoin 2002) 2. Hong Kong goes after sex workers and not traffickers (Emerton 2004) 3. Demonization of sex workers between good & bad girls (Kempadoo 1998) Observation 2 Solvency 1. Issue of trade not human rights (Inglis 2001) 2. ILO has standards to improve conditions (Inglis 2001) 3. Executive order is the way to go (O’Meara 2003) Observation 3 1. Mutation of AIDS (Burkhalter 2004) 2. Saves lives (Burkhalter 2004) 3. Airborne (Kems 1999) 4. Extinction of everyone (Muchiri 2000) Binghamton RS (Stecker & Rodriguez) @ Liberty Aff: Hong Kong Sex Trafficking Plan Text: We present the following plan that the USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC of China in area of trade by having Bush issue executive order that authorizes the use of sanctions as per The VPA through the Department of State by changing Hong Kong to Tier III nation until China complies with ILO standards in regards to trafficking. Advantage: AIDS Binghamton WL (Dan Weiser & Jeremy Levine) @ Richmond Aff: Sex Trafficking Plan: put pressure on China diplomatically and economically by stopping trade with China and threatening them to comply to the VPA and improve the conditions for the prostitutes and put more of [ineligible] on the sex-traffickers. Advantages: AIDS Patriarchy Violence, discrimination towards women Improve conditions for sex workers Binghamton WL (Weiser & Levine) @ Liberty Aff: Sex Trafficking Plan: put pressure on China diplomatically and economically by stopping trade with China and threatening them to comply to the VPA and improve the conditions for the prostitutes and put more of [ineligible] on the sex-traffickers. Advantages: AIDS Patriarchy Violence, discrimination towards women Improve conditions for sex workers Boston College Boston College BC Aff Round 7 Shirley vs Team: Alabama BP Judge: Mika Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites Same Boston College BC Aff Round # 6 Shirley vs Team: Miami Ohio MW Judge: Jim Lyle Plan Text same 1ac w/ cites Same 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Protectionist trade bloc coming Stelzer 2005 Daily Standard “then there is…16,000 textile jobs” Trade war inevitable Bremmer 10/31/2005 Fortune Asia factiva “congressmen on both…destructive trade war” This causes a global recession Money Week 3/25/2005 “the United States…screeching halt” Enforcing IP laws will alleviate pressures Ross 1999 The Management of an Emerging Power page 187 “nevertheless, American pressure…international trading system” Answers To Off Case Args Relations Asian missile defense will hurt relations Washington Times 9/2/2005 lexis “china’s government issued…erode trust” US is pressuring china now Boot 10/10/2005 lexis “to be sure…american “hegemonism”.” Semiconductor WTO suit against China Taipei Times 4/1/2005 “the US, after filing…special value-added tax” IPR pressure causes economic cooperation and facilitates stable relations Ross 1999 Engaging China, pages 190-191 “complementing bilateral…economic relations” Midterms People forget problems quickly William Saletan 2003 slate “I haven’t seen such certainty…al gore in 2000” The democrats are protectionist Business Week Online 2004 lexis “that’s all standard…reopen NAFTA” Political pressures mean that pressure on China is inevitable before the elections Stratfor 11/8/2005 “meanwhile, the U.S…token – progress” Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Boston College BC Aff Round #4 Shirley Vs. team name: Clarion NH Judged by: Pomorski Plan Text:-same as caselist 1AC w/ cites- same as caselist Answers to Biz Con Disad: US econ headed down Independent, 10-30-05 “you have to be careful about all this” Turn- Major Business lobbies support plan Yu, 2005 IP Law and Business, pfactivia “file a formal complaint at the WTO” NAM is the largest industrial trade association in US National Association of Manufacturers, 2/14/05 www.nam.org “Nation’s largest industrial” IP theft reduces innovation destroying small businesses Brilliant, 05 p. 13 “Intellectual Property Theft in China and Russia, House Hearing May 17 “devastating economic consequences” Small Businesses are the key engine to US growth Conroy, 2005 “economy is dependent upon the initiation” FDCH. Lexis IP protection key to preserve compet. Of US manufacturing Voinovich, 2004 S. Hearing 108-587 p. 2-3 “America’s competitive edge…foundation of our economy” Manufacturing key economic and tech leadership Preeg, The Emerging Chinese Advanced Technology Superstate p. 192 “The manufacturing sector is central….lead protagonist” IP theft ==> Protectionist trade blocks against China Stelzer 05. Daily Standard. “pervasive has been the damage…powerful protectionist coalition” Protectionsim and trade war inevitable against China Bremmer, Fortune Asia, 10-31-05 “without a more…destructive trade war” Trade war with china causes us recession, goes global Money Week, May 25, 2005 “huge loser in a trade war” Answers to Nationalism Disad (w/ key cites) Chinese nationalism only threat if China is failed state Patten, Sept. 26, 05 Financial times “growing nationalism…were to fail” IPR protection key to empower reformist political parties Yu, 2000, “From Pirates to Partners” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=245548 “an operational intellectual…kind of isolationism” Trade War increases nationalism IHT, Aug. 17, 04 “nationalism would burst out” Econ. Decline weakens Hu before 2007 Party Congress Cheow, 05. www.csis.org “this debate could be…go into a tail-spin” Econ. Decline increases nationalism and military aggression Krawitz, 2003 www.globalsecurity.org “leadership might encourage nationalism” Hu can’t pass political agenda Tkacik, 04 www.heritage.org “packed the CMC…bills be passed on time” WTO provides political cover for politicians and generates reforms Halverson, 2004. 27 B.C. Int’l & Comp. L. Rev. 319 spring “a more vivid analogy…reforms to the next” Boston College BC Aff Round 2 Shirley vs Team: Northwestern BW Judge: Damico, Steve Plan Text Same as Case list 1ac w/ cites 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args 4. Nationalism 1. Non unique – Strong U.S. Japan relations 2. Hu proved full control over nationalists 3. trade wars are inevitable – Knight Ridder 2005 4. National Tribune 04 5. Our lobbyists will always solve back – Hu 2000 5. CP Technology Transfer 1. No solvency – Ochoa 2. China wont accept IPR 3. Either our econ or aff advantage means we cant give them copyright. 4. Nuke proliferation leads to global nuke exchange 5. enforcing – Ross 2000 6. Perm do both 6. Relations 1. non unique missile defense will damage ties 2. non unique commission report will cause impact. 3. financial operations Answers To Major Case Args Solvency 1. A2: no enforce a. biz week ev grab hold. Retaliation is only way to solve in long run. b. herman 03 – c. when China has incentives means they wont have long term solvency 2. A2: lack of expertise means no enforcement a. Chinese lawyers do not have expertise b. U.S. lawyers of have expertise Baldwin 03 3. Plan only one to get reformers to get on board unlike cp. Ochoa evidence and Shalen evidence WTO Advantage 1. not going for DOHA round only thing we have to win is going through WTO is domestic pressure. 2. STO cred depends on U.S. domestic pressure. 3. A2: WTO collapse. a. c/a Machtaw evidence more Machtaw evidence 4 A2: U.S. using lobbyists a. more foreign lobbyists – Lacrosse in 02 b. Key to solvency. 5. U.S. Will disassociate from the WTO anyway. 6. Strong IPR movements encourage domestic investors and creators. 2ar Strategy Notes Boston College BC Pre Shirley Intellectual Property Rights 1AC Contention I: Inherency Latest data from business indicate that IPR theft remains high. PC World, Sept 17, 2005 The Chinese government has drawn China is not imposing fines or criminal penalties Eric Smith, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 38 The simple fact remains that these New Judicial Interpretations are not compliant with TRIPS. Intellectual Property Alliance, Special 301 Report, reprinted in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 61 The Jis, as proposed by IIPA The Plan: The USFG shall bring a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the WTO dsu mechanisms for failure to fulfill its obligations under TRIPS, and formally notify China of the compliant. The USFG shall threaten tariffs on imported gods from the People’s Republic of China that are equal to the damages articulated in the complaint given to the WTO. If the WTO rules in favor of the United States, the USFG shall enact tariffs on imported goods from the People’s Republic of China in equal to the amount specified by the WTO’s ruling. Adv 1: Counterfeit Medicine. China is the epicenter of counterfeit drug trade, which kills 192,000 per year in China Washington Post, August 30, 2002, p. A1 China has become an increasingly Counterfeit drugs drain billions in revenue from the drug industry. Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf The World Health Organization estimates that Reduced revenue decreases R & D on diseases. Merri Moken, American Journal of Law & Medicine, 2003, p. 533 The sale of fake pharmaceuticals deprives Drug research is key to finding cures for infectious diseases. Kilama, Business Daily, July 28, 2005, p. http://allafrica.com Without the chance of recovering investments Counterfeit drugs promotes drug resistance Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf Moreover, counterfeit pharmaceuticals unarguably Global infectious diseases are the number one killer. Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 Infectious diseases remain the number one killer An influenza pandemic could kill 180 to 360 million Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 Given so many other significant infectious A new virus could cause global extinction. South China Morning Post, Jan 4, 1996 The shock of the AIDS epidemic has Adv 2: Chinese Economy China’s growth is slowing and downturn is inevitable. MacLean’s, August 22, 2005 And there is little doubt that there Weak IPR decreases FDI, tech transfer and innovation in China. Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 183-4 China’s poor record in IP protection Economic stagnation will occur Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 186 China’s primary motive in opening its market Chinese economic decline causes global depression Oded Shenkar, The Chinese Century, 2005, p. 172-3 A doomsday scenario is more likely to be triggered Global economic decline causes global nuclear war Mead, New Perspectives Quarterly, Summer 92, p. 28 Hundreds of millions—billions—of people have Economic decline causes nationalism in china. M.D. Nalapat, UPI, June 21, 2005, Should China enter a period of economic contraction Economic instability leads to war over Taiwan Philip Saunders, Project Strait Talk: Stability and Security in the Taiwan Strait, 2000, p. http://cns.miis.edu/cns/projects/eanp/research/strait/strait.pdf A major economic collapse in mainland China Taiwan conflict goes nuclear Chalmers Johnson, The Nation, May 14, 2001, p. 20 Taiwan, whose status constitutes the still Advantage 3: WTO Credibility The upcoming meetings in Hong Kong will be a critical test for the WTO’s survival Agence France Presse, July 31, 2005, lexis As the World Trade Organization struggles to break China’s ascension into the WTO will be the focal point of the negotiations in Hong Kong Freeman, 2005, USTR Assistant, April 14, FDCH, lexis As China’s integration into the world economy deepens Policing China in the WTO is critical to the credibility of the organization- attention to detail through enforcement cases maximizes the WTO’s potential, Greg Mastel, 6-1-2000, http://www.newamerica.net/index.cfm?pg=article&DocID=218 China’s WTO membership has the potential to substantially advance The WTO is key to promoting global trade and preventing global nuclear war Copley News Service, December 1, 1999, lexis For decades, many children in America WTO rulings on TRIPS is less threatening to China’s sovereignty and are more likely to be enforced than unilateral rulings Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, 2005, lexis Basically, TRIPS may succeed where unilateral Contention II Solvency WTO case causes China to back down and comply Paul Magnusson, Business Week, may 14, 2001, p. 20 As part of its deal to join the World Trade Organization WTO pressure strengthens the ability of Chinese reformers to enforce IPR laws. National Association of Manufacturers, Recommendations on Special 301 Out of cycle Review of China, Feb 14, 2005 Thus, the NAM believes that a two-track approach Shadlen study proves WTO pressure improves IPR Kenneth Shadlen et. al., International Studies Quarterly, vol 49, 2005, p. 67 In Table 6, we carry forward WTO cases are empirically successful. Pat Choate, New York Times, May 12, 2005, Since welcoming China into the World Trade Organization US pressure is key to forcing China to crack down on locals Daniel Chow, Pirates of the 21st Century, Senate Hearing, April 20, 2004, p. 32 Currently, as far as I can see, WTO complaint exerts economic & diplomatic pressure to force China to act John Tkacik, Heritage Foundation Reports, Oct 23, 2003, p One thing is clear China is key to stopping piracy. Federick Balfour, Business Week, Feb 7, 2005, p. 54lexis China is key to any solution US Sino Relations 2AC Cites -not unique- China’s ties to rogue states will harm relations with the US International Herald Tribune, October 5, 2005 -not unique- increasing trade deficit will guarantee friction Singapore today, October 7, 2005 -not unique- US quota threats on textiles harms relations South China Morning Post, October 7, 2005 -Sino Indian relations -Sino-india relations poor now Dittmer, 2005, South Asia’s Nuclear Security Dilemma, p 80 -decline in us sino relations improves sino indian relations Sidhu, 2003, China and India: cooperation or conflict, p 83 -Improved Sino-Indian relations decrease WMD prolif to Pakistan Yuan, 2005, South Asia’s nuclear Security Dilemma -WMD prolif cuases South Asian nuclaer war Paul, 2005, South Asia’s Nuclear Security Dilemma, p 183 -South Asian nuclear war causes extinction Caldicott, 2002, The NEw Nuclear Danger, page XIII Sino-Latin relations --Poor U.S. Sino relations spur Sino-Latin relations Mora, Summer 1999, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Sino-Latin American relations: Sources and consequences, 1977-1997, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3688/is_199907/ai_n8849138#continue --That’s key to resolving North-South disparity Mora, Summer 1999, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Sino-Latin American relations: Sources and consequences, 1977-1997, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3688/is_199907/ai_n8849138#continue --North-South disparity is the primary impetus for nuclear proliferation Lown, 1996, http://www.ippnw.org/crudenukes.pdf Crude Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and the Terrorist Threat --That causes extinction Utgoff, 2002, Summer, Survival Sino-Israeli relations --Healthy Sino-U.S. relations allows for Israeli arm sales to China Adelman, March 1, 2002, Two, The Phalcon Sale to China, http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp473.htm --Israeli arms sales to China threatens Middle East stability Stakelbeck, August 4, 2005, Five, Israel, China, and Weapons Sales, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Printable.asp?ID=18992 --That causes extinction Nassar, 11-25-02, http://www.inesglobal.org/BahigNassar.htm Nationalism 2AC Cites --Nationalism is not a threat to Chinese stability Dingxin Zhao, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, 2002, Problems of nationalism in Contemporary China, page 115 --Korean nationalism --Chinese nationalism spurs nationalism in surrounding countries like Korea Park Kunyoung, researcher in the American Studies Department at the Institute of Foreign Affairs and National Security, April 2004, Four, China's Emergence and its Impact on the United States, the Republic of Korea, and Japan: Views from the Next Generation, “How to Deal with Rising China: A Korean Perspective,” http://www.csis.org/pacfor/issues/v05n01_ch1.cfm, [Accessed September 8, 2005] --Korean nationalism preserves peninsular stability Park Kunyoung, researcher in the American Studies Department at the Institute of Foreign Affairs and National Security, April 2004, Four, China's Emergence and its Impact on the United States, the Republic of Korea, and Japan: Views from the Next Generation, “How to Deal with Rising China: A Korean Perspective,” http://www.csis.org/pacfor/issues/v05n01_ch1.cfm, [Accessed September 8, 2005] --Korean conflict results in CBW use Park Tong-Whan, KORUS Institute, 2004, Four, From Collective Defense to Security Co-Management: Thoughts About the Future of the ROK-U.S. Alliance, “The United States and South Korea: Reinvigorating the Partnership,” www.keia.com/2-Publications/ 2-3-Monograph/Monograph2004/Monograph2004.pdf, [Accessed September 8, 2005] --That causes extinction John D. Steinbruner, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution, and Vice Chair, Committee on International Security and Arms Control, National Academy of Sciences, 12/22/1997 (“Biological Weapons: A Plague Upon All Houses” – Foreign Policy) p. lexis Business Confidence 2AC Cites --Lobbies support the plan Yu, September 1, 2005, factiva --Small businesses --IP theft destroys small businesses Brilliant, May 17, 2005, Intellectual Property Theft in China and Russia, page 13 --That destroys the economy Conroy, July 13, 2005, Federal Document Clearing House, lexis --Manufacturing --IP protection preserves US manufacturing Voinovich, April 2004, Pirates of the 21st Century: The Curse of the Black Market,p 2-3 --That’s key to the economy Preeg, 2005, The Emerging Chinese Advanced Technology Superstate, p192 Legal Assistance Counterplan 2AC Cites --China respects the WTO D’Amato, February 5, 2005, China and the WTO: Assessing and Enforcing Compliance, Hearing, page 239 --Perm- do both. That solves better Levine, April 2, 2004, Influencing China’s WTO Compliance and Commercial Legal Reform, p 18 --Legal training is worthless unless China gains the will to enforce Watson, July 20, 2005, Congressional Record Consult India Counterplan 2AC Cites --India will say no Wisconsin International Law Journal, Winter 2004, p213+ Much of the developing world could Boston College BC Round 7 Georgia State Vs. team name: Wake GL Judged by: Devault Plan Text: The Plan: The USFG shall bring a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the WTO dsu mechanisms for failure to fulfill its obligations under TRIPS, and formally notify China of the compliant. The USFG shall threaten tariffs on imported gods from the People’s Republic of China that are equal to the damages articulated in the complaint given to the WTO. If the WTO rules in favor of the United States, the USFG shall enact tariffs on imported goods from the People’s Republic of China in equal to the amount specified by the WTO’s ruling. 1AC w/ cites Contention I: Inherency Latest data from business indicate that IPR theft remains high. PC World, Sept 17, 2005 China is not imposing fines or criminal penalties Eric Smith, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 38 New Judicial Interpretations are not compliant with TRIPS. Intellectual Property Alliance, Special 301 Report, reprinted in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 61 Adv 1: Counterfeit Medicine. China is the epicenter of counterfeit drug trade, which kills 192,000 per year in China Washington Post, August 30, 2002, p. A1 Counterfeit drugs drain billions in revenue from the drug industry. Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf Reduced revenue decreases R & D on diseases. Merri Moken, American Journal of Law & Medicine, 2003, p. 533 Drug research is key to finding cures for infectious diseases. Kilama, Business Daily, July 28, 2005, p. http://allafrica.com Counterfeit drugs promotes drug resistance Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf Global infectious diseases are the number one killer. Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 An influenza pandemic could kill 180 to 360 million Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 A new virus could cause global extinction. South China Morning Post, Jan 4, 1996 Adv 2: Chinese Economy China’s growth is slowing and downturn is inevitable. MacLean’s, August 22, 2005 Weak IPR decreases FDI, tech transfer and innovation in China. Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 183-4 Economic stagnation will occur Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 186 Chinese economic decline causes global depression Oded Shenkar, The Chinese Century, 2005, p. 172-3 Global economic decline causes global nuc war Mead, New Perspectives Quarterly, Summer 92, p. 28 Economic decline causes nationalism in china. M.D. Nalapat, UPI, June 21, 2005, Economic instability leads to war over Taiwan Philip Saunders, Project Strait Talk: Stability and Security in the Taiwan Strait, 2000, p. http://cns.miis.edu/cns/projects/eanp/research/strait/strait.pdf Taiwan conflict goes nuclear Chalmers Johnson, The Nation, May 14, 2001, p. 20 Contention II Solvency WTO case causes China to back down and comply Paul Magnusson, Business Week, may 14, 2001, p. 20 WTO pressure strengthens the ability of Chinese reformers to enforce IPR laws. National Association of Manufacturers, Recommendations on Special 301 Out of cycle Review of China, Feb 14, 2005 Shadlen study proves WTO pressure improves IPR Kenneth Shadlen et. al., International Studies Quarterly, vol 49, 2005, p. 67 WTO cases are empirically successful. Pat Choate, New York Times, May 12, 2005, US pressure is key to forcing China to crack down on locals Daniel Chow, Pirates of the 21st Century, Senate Hearing, April 20, 2004, p. 32 WTO complaint exerts economic & diplomatic pressure to force China to act John Tkacik, Heritage Foundation Reports, Oct 23, 2003, p China is key to stopping piracy. Federick Balfour, Business Week, Feb 7, 2005, p. 54lexis Answers to BizCon 90 percent of businesses don't like theft on face violation of the laws: smart sanctions solve US chamber of commerce and national association of manufacturers no risk why biz compliance US chamber of commerce key to economy TRIPS better than unilat sanctions [x] enforcement will be fast trade war coming now, we solve [x] Answers to Embargo DA no reason plan is key alternate causalities: human rights wto credibility solves 1ar Strategy notes Defense and Chamber of Commerce / National Association of Manufacturers Bizcon turn 2ar Strategy notes Case outweighs, bizcon turn Boston College BC @ GSU Same Aff as Boston College CS Boston College CS Aff Round 5 Shirley vs Team: Samford MR Judge: Dallas Perkins Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites Same 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, None Answers To Off Case Args Hu- same as answers to nationalism Politics- Bush’s presidency is doomed and there is no silver bullet to revive his political capital George Edwards October 28, 2005 NPR No risk of impact Congress will pass anti torture bill next week Newsweek November 14 When that happens, Bush will veto it Chicago Sun Times November 10 Kills pol capital Robert Spitzer, The Presidential Veto 2000 Turn: Congress hates the WTO does not want dispute settlement over IPR Xinhua Financial Network News July 18 No spillover from foreign policy to domestic; people who like one not the same needed to vote for the other Bush is already thinking about plan, not concession if he would do anyway China lobby hates plan National Journal May 14 2005 China lobby has influence in congress Chicago Tribune July 25 Biz Con- same as case list CP: perm, do plan and start negotiations on legal reforms Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Boston College CS Aff Round # 4 Shirley Vs. team name: Northwestern BW Judged by: Chris McIntosh Plan Text: -same as caselist AND Chinese Lawyers not prepared – People’s Daily 11-18-00 “With China’s impending accession…new situation and challenges” US Lawyers have advantage- Pauwelyn 2004 www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/americanization_pauwelyn.pdf “although all domestic…national legal culture” Trips rejects numerical standards, Trainer “China and the WTO; Assessing and Enforcing Compliance Hearing” Feb. 4, 5, 2005 1AC w/ cites- same as caselist Answers to Sino Russian Alliance DA X (w/ key cites) -Trade bill passed -non-unique- trade deficit results in pressure -non unique – Japan NMD kills relations - Taiwan missile sales kill relations Answers to Nationalism X (w/ key cites) Same as caselist Answers to WTO Disad (w/ key cites) China backs down when US files suit Case is slam dunk China backs down – reputation Answers to NeoCon Power Grab Disad (w/ key cites) Doesn’t assume plan- We solve future protectionism Boston College CS Round 2 Shirley vs Team: Wichita CS Judge: Jamie Downing Plan Text 1ac w/ cites 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Terrorism Add On A) Trading in counterfeit goods is the preferred method for financing terrorism. Arlen Spector, 3-23, 2004 (Counterfeiting and the Theft of Tangible Intellectual Property. Senate Hearing) “During a House International Relations Committee…to fund his operation” B) Cutting off funding is the best way to prevent terrorism. Dennis Lormel, FDCH, July 13, 2005 “The unfortunate reality is that terrorists…and destruction” C) Terrorists are Seeking to acquire and use nuclear weapons. Matthew Morgan, Spring, 2004 (Parameters. Page 41) “The practice of terrorism…human disasters. D) Nuclear war Sid-Ahmed, 8-26, 2004 (http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) Answers To Off Case Args Topicality 1. w/m – targets china 2. on means pertaining too Corpus Jurus Secundum, 1978 (Volume 67. Page 863) “It has been stated that ...pertaining to” b. we meet 3. contextual evidence – proves WTO litigation is pressure. Espinel, May 17, 2005 (Intellectual Property Theft in China and Russia, House Hearing) “Piracy and counterfeiting rates in fact…WTO litigation.” 4. neg interpretation over limits the topic – excluding WTO eliminates legal recourse Choate, Hot Property page 234, 2005 “By joining the WTO…form of trade violation.” 5. aff best – contextual evidence – no FX 6. not FX 7. Terrible no interpretation is horrible 8. not a voter Economy DA 1. floats go aff 2. doesn’t turn trade – china collapse Prefer china will need it 3. innovation – ipr gets it 2005 4. 2004 Key to economy Time Asia 2005 5. Terrible assumes unilateral sanction Engagement Perm do both US Pressure Chow evidence Dispo Strat Skew Time Skew Turn – Trade wars – horse trade ross 99 Causes war over Taiwan Krawitz, 2003 (The People’s Liberation Army and China in Transition. http:www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2003/pla-china_transition_01_toc.htm) “Internationally, China could become mired in…issues such as Taiwan.” Foreign lobbies – Summer Lacroix, January, 2002 (Intellectual Property Rights in China: The Changing Political Economy of Chinese-American Interests. www.eastwestcenter.org/stored/pdfs/ECONwp039.pdf) “Given this scenario, foreign pressure to strengthen…stronger IPR regime.” Key to solve Yu 2001 Peter Yu, Spring, 2001 (B.U. International Law Journal) “Finally, the United States fails to rally the support of…enforcement efforts.” Perm do the plan and offer counterplan No solvency – pressure on the Yuan Engaged in democracy can solve Turn A) bush will expend political capital to gain liability for vaccine manufacturers. Boston Globe, 11-8, 2005 “The Bush administration says the nation can better prepare…launched by terrorists.” B) Congress favors confrontation over engagement with China. LA Times, July 18, 2005 “The talks also come as…scholar at Georgetown University” C) Drug industry is key to prevent disease outbreaks and bolster defenses against bioterrorism. The Center for Responsive Politics, 11/27, 2001 (Drug Money. http://www.opensecrets.org/alerts/v6/altertv6_33.asp) “With fears of bioterrorism on the rise…development of new cures” Wants confrontation LA Times 2005 Drugs stop disease Center for Response in 2001 Key to democracy Denise Froning, 8-25, 2000 (The Benefits of Free Trade: A Guide for Policymakers. http://www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/BG1391.cfm) “Free trade fosters support for the rule of law…increasing the level of prosperity” Extinction Diamond 95 Free Trade Solves proliferation Oxly 2004 (1/16 Peace Through Trade. www.techcentralstration.com/011604A.html) “This doesn’t help much in working…have never been greater” Nuclear war Utgoff 2002 Don’t solve WTO – need to go to the WTO Terrorism Counterfeit --> Terrorism 2004 Cutting off terrorism solves 2005 WMD Morgan 2004 Nuclear war Sid-Ahmed 2004 Democracy proves we solve human rights Answers To Major Case Args Solvency AT Economy 1. China will back down – Business Week 2. N/U assume schumer – pass now – St Louis Dispatch 005 3. Assumes unilateral sanctions 4. Solves back domestic – ross AT Pressure We solve this shift WTO best Trade war – preclude – horsetrade Disease No innovation – not goin to it Counterfeit drugs leads to mutation – causes it fox WTO AT: Nationalism We solve nationalism – Yu 2K Peter K, December, 2000 (From Pirates to Partners. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=245548) “Finally, an operational intellectual property regime…dominated by the West.” China won’t jump – Bell 2005 www.wacrichmond.com/aug2comm.html “China and the United States…Chinese can change this.” AT: Compliance Backdown They will back down AT: Overburden Not specific to IPR China will backdown n/u – in the WTO – should have caused AT: Bilateralism More specific – Hong Kong is more specific 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Boston College CS Pre Shirley Intellectual Property Rights 1AC Contention I: Inherency Latest data from business indicate that IPR theft remains high. PC World, Sept 17, 2005 The Chinese government has drawn China is not imposing fines or criminal penalties Eric Smith, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 38 The simple fact remains that these New Judicial Interpretations are not compliant with TRIPS. Intellectual Property Alliance, Special 301 Report, reprinted in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 61 The Jis, as proposed by IIPA The Plan: The USFG shall bring a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the WTO dsu mechanisms for failure to fulfill its obligations under TRIPS, and formally notify China of the compliant. The USFG shall threaten tariffs on imported gods from the People’s Republic of China that are equal to the damages articulated in the complaint given to the WTO. If the WTO rules in favor of the United States, the USFG shall enact tariffs on imported goods from the People’s Republic of China in equal to the amount specified by the WTO’s ruling. Adv 1: Counterfeit Medicine. China is the epicenter of counterfeit drug trade, which kills 192,000 per year in China Washington Post, August 30, 2002, p. A1 China has become an increasingly Counterfeit drugs drain billions in revenue from the drug industry. Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf The World Health Organization estimates that Reduced revenue decreases R & D on diseases. Merri Moken, American Journal of Law & Medicine, 2003, p. 533 The sale of fake pharmaceuticals deprives Drug research is key to finding cures for infectious diseases. Kilama, Business Daily, July 28, 2005, p. http://allafrica.com Without the chance of recovering investments Counterfeit drugs promotes drug resistance Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf Moreover, counterfeit pharmaceuticals unarguably Global infectious diseases are the number one killer. Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 Infectious diseases remain the number one killer An influenza pandemic could kill 180 to 360 million Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 Given so many other significant infectious A new virus could cause global extinction. South China Morning Post, Jan 4, 1996 The shock of the AIDS epidemic has Adv 2: Chinese Economy China’s growth is slowing and downturn is inevitable. MacLean’s, August 22, 2005 And there is little doubt that there Weak IPR decreases FDI, tech transfer and innovation in China. Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 183-4 China’s poor record in IP protection Economic stagnation will occur Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 186 China’s primary motive in opening its market Chinese economic decline causes global depression Oded Shenkar, The Chinese Century, 2005, p. 172-3 A doomsday scenario is more likely to be triggered Global economic decline causes global nuclear war Mead, New Perspectives Quarterly, Summer 92, p. 28 Hundreds of millions—billions—of people have Economic decline causes nationalism in china. M.D. Nalapat, UPI, June 21, 2005, Should China enter a period of economic contraction Economic instability leads to war over Taiwan Philip Saunders, Project Strait Talk: Stability and Security in the Taiwan Strait, 2000, p. http://cns.miis.edu/cns/projects/eanp/research/strait/strait.pdf A major economic collapse in mainland China Taiwan conflict goes nuclear Chalmers Johnson, The Nation, May 14, 2001, p. 20 Taiwan, whose status constitutes the still Advantage 3: WTO Credibility The upcoming meetings in Hong Kong will be a critical test for the WTO’s survival Agence France Presse, July 31, 2005, lexis As the World Trade Organization struggles to break China’s ascension into the WTO will be the focal point of the negotiations in Hong Kong Freeman, 2005, USTR Assistant, April 14, FDCH, lexis As China’s integration into the world economy deepens Policing China in the WTO is critical to the credibility of the organization- attention to detail through enforcement cases maximizes the WTO’s potential, Greg Mastel, 6-1-2000, http://www.newamerica.net/index.cfm?pg=article&DocID=218 China’s WTO membership has the potential to substantially advance The WTO is key to promoting global trade and preventing global nuclear war Copley News Service, December 1, 1999, lexis For decades, many children in America WTO rulings on TRIPS is less threatening to China’s sovereignty and are more likely to be enforced than unilateral rulings Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, 2005, lexis Basically, TRIPS may succeed where unilateral Contention II Solvency WTO case causes China to back down and comply Paul Magnusson, Business Week, may 14, 2001, p. 20 As part of its deal to join the World Trade Organization WTO pressure strengthens the ability of Chinese reformers to enforce IPR laws. National Association of Manufacturers, Recommendations on Special 301 Out of cycle Review of China, Feb 14, 2005 Thus, the NAM believes that a two-track approach Shadlen study proves WTO pressure improves IPR Kenneth Shadlen et. al., International Studies Quarterly, vol 49, 2005, p. 67 In Table 6, we carry forward WTO cases are empirically successful. Pat Choate, New York Times, May 12, 2005, Since welcoming China into the World Trade Organization US pressure is key to forcing China to crack down on locals Daniel Chow, Pirates of the 21st Century, Senate Hearing, April 20, 2004, p. 32 Currently, as far as I can see, WTO complaint exerts economic & diplomatic pressure to force China to act John Tkacik, Heritage Foundation Reports, Oct 23, 2003, p One thing is clear China is key to stopping piracy. Federick Balfour, Business Week, Feb 7, 2005, p. 54lexis China is key to any solution US Sino Relations 2AC Cites -not unique- China’s ties to rogue states will harm relations with the US International Herald Tribune, October 5, 2005 -not unique- increasing trade deficit will guarantee friction Singapore today, October 7, 2005 -not unique- US quota threats on textiles harms relations South China Morning Post, October 7, 2005 -Sino Indian relations -Sino-india relations poor now Dittmer, 2005, South Asia’s Nuclear Security Dilemma, p 80 -decline in us sino relations improves sino indian relations Sidhu, 2003, China and India: cooperation or conflict, p 83 -Improved Sino-Indian relations decrease WMD prolif to Pakistan Yuan, 2005, South Asia’s nuclear Security Dilemma -WMD prolif cuases South Asian nuclaer war Paul, 2005, South Asia’s Nuclear Security Dilemma, p 183 -South Asian nuclear war causes extinction Caldicott, 2002, The NEw Nuclear Danger, page XIII Sino-Latin relations --Poor U.S. Sino relations spur Sino-Latin relations Mora, Summer 1999, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Sino-Latin American relations: Sources and consequences, 1977-1997, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3688/is_199907/ai_n8849138#continue --That’s key to resolving North-South disparity Mora, Summer 1999, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Sino-Latin American relations: Sources and consequences, 1977-1997, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3688/is_199907/ai_n8849138#continue --North-South disparity is the primary impetus for nuclear proliferation Lown, 1996, http://www.ippnw.org/crudenukes.pdf Crude Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and the Terrorist Threat --That causes extinction Utgoff, 2002, Summer, Survival Sino-Israeli relations --Healthy Sino-U.S. relations allows for Israeli arm sales to China Adelman, March 1, 2002, Two, The Phalcon Sale to China, http://www.jcpa.org/jl/vp473.htm --Israeli arms sales to China threatens Middle East stability Stakelbeck, August 4, 2005, Five, Israel, China, and Weapons Sales, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Printable.asp?ID=18992 --That causes extinction Nassar, 11-25-02, http://www.inesglobal.org/BahigNassar.htm Nationalism 2AC Cites --Nationalism is not a threat to Chinese stability Dingxin Zhao, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Chicago, 2002, Problems of nationalism in Contemporary China, page 115 --Korean nationalism --Chinese nationalism spurs nationalism in surrounding countries like Korea Park Kunyoung, researcher in the American Studies Department at the Institute of Foreign Affairs and National Security, April 2004, Four, China's Emergence and its Impact on the United States, the Republic of Korea, and Japan: Views from the Next Generation, “How to Deal with Rising China: A Korean Perspective,” http://www.csis.org/pacfor/issues/v05n01_ch1.cfm, [Accessed September 8, 2005] --Korean nationalism preserves peninsular stability Park Kunyoung, researcher in the American Studies Department at the Institute of Foreign Affairs and National Security, April 2004, Four, China's Emergence and its Impact on the United States, the Republic of Korea, and Japan: Views from the Next Generation, “How to Deal with Rising China: A Korean Perspective,” http://www.csis.org/pacfor/issues/v05n01_ch1.cfm, [Accessed September 8, 2005] --Korean conflict results in CBW use Park Tong-Whan, KORUS Institute, 2004, Four, From Collective Defense to Security Co-Management: Thoughts About the Future of the ROK-U.S. Alliance, “The United States and South Korea: Reinvigorating the Partnership,” www.keia.com/2-Publications/ 2-3-Monograph/Monograph2004/Monograph2004.pdf, [Accessed September 8, 2005] --That causes extinction John D. Steinbruner, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution, and Vice Chair, Committee on International Security and Arms Control, National Academy of Sciences, 12/22/1997 (“Biological Weapons: A Plague Upon All Houses” – Foreign Policy) p. lexis Business Confidence 2AC Cites --Lobbies support the plan Yu, September 1, 2005, factiva --Small businesses --IP theft destroys small businesses Brilliant, May 17, 2005, Intellectual Property Theft in China and Russia, page 13 --That destroys the economy Conroy, July 13, 2005, Federal Document Clearing House, lexis --Manufacturing --IP protection preserves US manufacturing Voinovich, April 2004, Pirates of the 21st Century: The Curse of the Black Market,p 2-3 --That’s key to the economy Preeg, 2005, The Emerging Chinese Advanced Technology Superstate, p192 Legal Assistance Counterplan 2AC Cites --China respects the WTO D’Amato, February 5, 2005, China and the WTO: Assessing and Enforcing Compliance, Hearing, page 239 --Perm- do both. That solves better Levine, April 2, 2004, Influencing China’s WTO Compliance and Commercial Legal Reform, p 18 --Legal training is worthless unless China gains the will to enforce Watson, July 20, 2005, Congressional Record Consult India Counterplan 2AC Cites --India will say no Wisconsin International Law Journal, Winter 2004, p213+ Much of the developing world could Boston College CS (Chung & Sullivan) @ Liberty Aff: TRIPS Contention I: Inherency Latest data from business indicate that IPR theft remains high. PC World, Sept 17, 2005 China is not imposing fines or criminal penalties Eric Smith, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 38 New Judicial Interpretations are not compliant with TRIPS. Intellectual Property Alliance, Special 301 Report, reprinted in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 61 Plan Text: The USFG shall bring a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the WTO dsu mechanisms for failure to fulfill its obligations under TRIPS, and formally notify China of the compliant. The USFG shall threaten tariffs on imported gods from the People’s Republic of China that are equal to the damages articulated in the complaint given to the WTO. If the WTO rules in favor of the United States, the USFG shall enact tariffs on imported goods from the People’s Republic of China in equal to the amount specified by the WTO’s ruling. Adv 1: Counterfeit Medicine. China is the epicenter of counterfeit drug trade, which kills 192,000 per year in China Washington Post, August 30, 2002, p. A1 Counterfeit drugs drain billions in revenue from the drug industry. Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf Reduced revenue decreases R & D on diseases. Merri Moken, American Journal of Law & Medicine, 2003, p. 533 Drug research is key to finding cures for infectious diseases. Kilama, Business Daily, July 28, 2005, p. http://allafrica.com Counterfeit drugs promotes drug resistance Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf Global infectious diseases are the number one killer. Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 An influenza pandemic could kill 180 to 360 million Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 A new virus could cause global extinction. South China Morning Post, Jan 4, 1996 Adv 2: Chinese Economy China’s growth is slowing and downturn is inevitable. MacLean’s, August 22, 2005 Weak IPR decreases FDI, tech transfer and innovation in China. Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 183-4 Economic stagnation will occur Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 186 Chinese economic decline causes global depression Oded Shenkar, The Chinese Century, 2005, p. 172-3 Global economic decline causes global nuc war Mead, New Perspectives Quarterly, Summer 92, p. 28 Economic decline causes nationalism in china. M.D. Nalapat, UPI, June 21, 2005, Economic instability leads to war over Taiwan Philip Saunders, Project Strait Talk: Stability and Security in the Taiwan Strait, 2000, p. http://cns.miis.edu/cns/projects/eanp/research/strait/strait.pdf Taiwan conflict goes nuclear Chalmers Johnson, The Nation, May 14, 2001, p. 20 Contention II Solvency WTO case causes China to back down and comply Paul Magnusson, Business Week, may 14, 2001, p. 20 WTO pressure strengthens the ability of Chinese reformers to enforce IPR laws. National Association of Manufacturers, Recommendations on Special 301 Out of cycle Review of China, Feb 14, 2005 Shadlen study proves WTO pressure improves IPR Kenneth Shadlen et. al., International Studies Quarterly, vol 49, 2005, p. 67 WTO cases are empirically successful. Pat Choate, New York Times, May 12, 2005, US pressure is key to forcing China to crack down on locals Daniel Chow, Pirates of the 21st Century, Senate Hearing, April 20, 2004, p. 32 WTO complaint exerts economic & diplomatic pressure to force China to act John Tkacik, Heritage Foundation Reports, Oct 23, 2003, p China is key to stopping piracy. Federick Balfour, Business Week, Feb 7, 2005, p. 54lexis Generic negative positions against all the areas: Japan Cplan Chinese nationalism US-China relations w/ North Korea impact New Advantages: - WTO Cred Hong Kong test WTO survival (Agence France Press 2k5) China key (Mastel 2k) China would be focal point (Freeman 2k5) WTO prevents nuke war (Copley News Service 99) - China Econ Boston College CS Doowon Chung & Jeff Sullivan @ GSU Contention I: Inherency Latest data from business indicate that IPR theft remains high. PC World, Sept 17, 2005 China is not imposing fines or criminal penalties Eric Smith, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 38 New Judicial Interpretations are not compliant with TRIPS. Intellectual Property Alliance, Special 301 Report, reprinted in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, 2005, p. 61 The Plan: The USFG shall bring a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the WTO dsu mechanisms for failure to fulfill its obligations under TRIPS, and formally notify China of the compliant. The USFG shall threaten tariffs on imported gods from the People’s Republic of China that are equal to the damages articulated in the complaint given to the WTO. If the WTO rules in favor of the United States, the USFG shall enact tariffs on imported goods from the People’s Republic of China in equal to the amount specified by the WTO’s ruling. Adv 1: Counterfeit Medicine. China is the epicenter of counterfeit drug trade, which kills 192,000 per year in China Washington Post, August 30, 2002, p. A1 Counterfeit drugs drain billions in revenue from the drug industry. Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf Reduced revenue decreases R & D on diseases. Merri Moken, American Journal of Law & Medicine, 2003, p. 533 Drug research is key to finding cures for infectious diseases. Kilama, Business Daily, July 28, 2005, p. http://allafrica.com Counterfeit drugs promotes drug resistance Kristina Lybecker, RX Roulette, 2003, p. http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/lybeckerK/Lybecker.pdf Global infectious diseases are the number one killer. Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 An influenza pandemic could kill 180 to 360 million Michael Osterhold, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2005 A new virus could cause global extinction. South China Morning Post, Jan 4, 1996 Adv 2: Chinese Economy China’s growth is slowing and downturn is inevitable. MacLean’s, August 22, 2005 Weak IPR decreases FDI, tech transfer and innovation in China. Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 183-4 Economic stagnation will occur Buffalo Intellectual Property Law Journal, Summer 204, p. 186 Chinese economic decline causes global depression Oded Shenkar, The Chinese Century, 2005, p. 172-3 Global economic decline causes global nuc war Mead, New Perspectives Quarterly, Summer 92, p. 28 Economic decline causes nationalism in china. M.D. Nalapat, UPI, June 21, 2005, Economic instability leads to war over Taiwan Philip Saunders, Project Strait Talk: Stability and Security in the Taiwan Strait, 2000, p. http://cns.miis.edu/cns/projects/eanp/research/strait/strait.pdf Taiwan conflict goes nuclear Chalmers Johnson, The Nation, May 14, 2001, p. 20 Contention II Solvency WTO case causes China to back down and comply Paul Magnusson, Business Week, may 14, 2001, p. 20 WTO pressure strengthens the ability of Chinese reformers to enforce IPR laws. National Association of Manufacturers, Recommendations on Special 301 Out of cycle Review of China, Feb 14, 2005 Shadlen study proves WTO pressure improves IPR Kenneth Shadlen et. al., International Studies Quarterly, vol 49, 2005, p. 67 WTO cases are empirically successful. Pat Choate, New York Times, May 12, 2005, US pressure is key to forcing China to crack down on locals Daniel Chow, Pirates of the 21st Century, Senate Hearing, April 20, 2004, p. 32 WTO complaint exerts economic & diplomatic pressure to force China to act John Tkacik, Heritage Foundation Reports, Oct 23, 2003, p China is key to stopping piracy. Federick Balfour, Business Week, Feb 7, 2005, p. 54lexis Buffalo Buffalo @ Buffalo OBSERVATION ONE: INHERENCY FIRST, CURRENT APPROACHES ARE FAILING, AS MISDIRECTED PRESSURE IN THE U.N. IS BLOCKED BY CHINA. THE INDEPENDENT NOTES IN 2004; [Johann Hari, November 19, L/N] ADDITIONALLY, THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY HAVE FAILED TO ADDRESS THE VIOLENCE BEING COMMITTED IN SUDAN. THE DEATH TOLL IN DARFUR CONTINUES TO CLIMB AMIDST MASS RAPE AND VIOLENCE LOBE 2005 [9/8/05, JIM, “Darfur Crisis Eclipsed but not Forgotten,” Sudan Tribune, http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=11550, accessed 9/28/05] OBSERVATION TWO: HARMS CHINESE OIL FIRMS ARE ENGAGED IN A NEFARIOUS TRADE OF OIL FOR WEAPONS WITH THE NORTHERN SUDAN REGIME. THESE WEAPONS ARE USED TO CARRY OUT A PROCESS OF “SLOW-MOTION ETHNIC CLEANSING”. REEVES 2004 [Eric, The Nation, June 4, http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=20010604&s=reeves] TWO, THIS PRESENT SITUATION REPRESENTS GENOCIDE, THE COLD AND CALCULATED SLAUGHTER OF HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF HUMAN BEINGS. HALL 2004 [Anthony J., April 7, http://www.vivelecanada.ca/article.php/20040407120830209/print] THE CURRENT SITUATION IN SUDAN ECHOES THE FAILURE OF WESTERN POWERS TO RESPOND TO THE GENOCIDE IN RWANDA- RACISM AND INEQUALITY PERVADE THESE DECISIONS HALL 2004 [Anthony J., April 7, http://www.vivelecanada.ca/article.php/20040407120830209/print] AND WE MUST DRAW THE LINE IN THE SAND WITH SUDAN – TO FAIL TO ACT WOULD SPARK MULTIPLE GENOCIDES AROUND THE AFRICAN CONTINENT REEVES 2004 [Eric, The Nation, June 4, http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=20010604&s=reeves] AND GENOCIDE MUST BE PREVENTED AT ALL COSTS. ITS MECHANISTIC AND CORPORATE NATURE MAKE IT MORALLY WORSE THAN EXTINCTION Lang in 1985 (Berel, Prof. Philosophy, The Philosophical Forum, vol. XVI, #1-2 Winter 84/85) FINALLY, AMERICAN CITIZENS MUST REJECT THIS GREAT EVIL ABOVE ALL ELSE. FAILURE TO DO SO ASSURES THE LOSS OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT AND THE DESTRUCTION OF ALL LIFE ON EARTH KETELS, associate professor of English at Temple University, 1996 [The Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science, November, 1996, 548 Annals 45, “THE HOLOCAUST: REMEMBERING FOR THE FUTURE: "Havel to the Castle!" The Power of the Word,” NAME: By VIOLET B. KETELS] THUS, THE PLAN: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE AREAS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND TRADE BY THREATENING AND THEN IMPOSING CAPITAL MARKET SANCTIONS ON ALL CHINESE OIL COMPANIES AND THEIR SUBSIDARIES FOR INVOLVEMENT IN SUDAN. WE’LL CLARIFY. OBSERVATION THREE: SOLVENCY FIRST, MARKET SANCTIONS WILL COERCE CHINA INTO A COOPERATIVE STANCE ON SUDAN, GOING FROM AN OBSTRUCTIONIST COMPETITOR INTO A PARTNER FOR PEACE. REEVES 2000 [Eric, December 20, accessed 9/28/05 http://www.sudanreeves.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=305&page=1] SECOND, CAPITAL MARKET SANCTIONS ARE A SIGNIFICANT SOURCE OF DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE. CHINA WILL SUCCUMB TO THE DIPLOMATIC PRESSURE OF THE PLAN BECAUSE IT CAN’T AFFORD THE ECONOMIC PRESSURE WE APPLY. THE REPORT TO CONGRESS OF THE U.S. - CHINA SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION, IN 2002 [July, http://www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2000_2003/reports/ch6_02.htm] THIRD, CHINA WILL SUCCESSFULLY PRESSURE SUDAN INTO A COOPERATIVE STANCE IN PEACE TALKS. ADDITIONALLY, THE TAGETED NATURE OF SANCTIONS AVOIDS ALL SANCTIONS BAD TURNS. REEVES IN 2001 [Eric, March 28, testimony before the House Committee on International Relations, ACCESSED 9/28/05 http://www.sudanreeves.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=103&page=1] EVEN IF CHINA DOESN’T RESPOND, THE PLAN IS NECESSARY TO STOP U.S. COMPLICITY IN GENOCIDE AND INCREASE GLOBAL TRANSPARENCY TO COUNTER OPPRESSIVE REGIMES WORLDWIDE. FRANK GAFFNEY JR., THE HEAD OF THE CENTER FOR SECURITY POLICY, IN 2001; [Frank J., ‘Market transparency works’, July 3, http://www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/gaffney070301.asp] AND, SUDAN IS VERY WARY OF THE LOSS OF CHINA AS A SHIELD FROM INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE. OUR DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON CHINA IS ENOUGH TO CONVINCE SUDAN THAT IT MUST MAKE A FULL COMMITMENT TO PEACE ACCORDS. THE FINANCIAL TIMES CONCLUDES OUR PLAN IN 2005 [Andrew England, ‘Beijing and Sudan reap benefits from marriage of convenience’, March 22, L/N] FINALLY, POLITICAL ACTION TO COMBAT GENOCIDE IS NECESSARY TO PREVENT EXTINCTION Adam Jones- professor of international studies at the Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE) in Mexico City- 2005 (“An Interview with Adam Jones” http://adamjones.freeservers.com/gwcw_interview.html, ACCESSED 9/28/05] Cal Berkeley Berkley BW Rd 7th Michigan JV Morris, Eric Relations Tubed and Pressure inevitable China Business Forecast Report 2005 China Quarterly Forecast Report, 4th Quarter, Pg 3-11 Since Powell’s statement, relations … trade disputes, human rights, and Taiwan. Non-Unique: pressure on China over IPR now – they have to win a link to the complaint Issa and Espinal 2005 Federal News Service IR Subcommittee Hearing 5-17 And just one follow up question … acquire information from China. Nonunique and turn: progress on IPR enforcement solves inevitable backlash against China Ikenson, Trade policy analyst @ CATO, 2004 (12/18, ln) The Bush administration has been … intellectual property rights enforcement. DSM process solves the link by diffusing conflict Roberts, Professor @ Fordham U, 2003 (40 Am. Bus. L.J. 511) Beyond the benefits to efficiency, international relations … governmental parent. Turn – IPR pressure causes economic cooperation with China and facilitates stable relations Ross 1999 Engaging China Ed. Johnston and Ross, pg 190-91 Complementing bilateral economic relations … expanded US-China economic relations. Their link is backwards – China responds to pressure in other areas by increasing cooperation on North Korea Mahbunani 2005 Foreign Affairs, Understanding China, Vol 84 No 5 Sept/Oct pg 49-60 Given how vulnerable Chinese … in areas that matter to them. No internal link – Beijing’s diplomatic balancing is exclusively between geopolitical interests not due to relations with America Jing Dong 2005 Asia Times 10-27 www.atimes.com/atimes/China/GJ27Ad01.html Hu is expected to reiterate … security interests in the region. Hu can’t control agenda The Times 11/8/05 The last Chinese emperor … crass, compulsive consumerism. A WTO complaint empowers moderates with political clout – creates enforcement NAM 2005 (2/14, National Association of Manufacturers’ Recommendations on Special 301 Out-of-Cycle Review of China, www.nam.org/s_nam/doc1.asp?CID=164&DID=233159) Thus, the NAME believes … used in their pollution Chinese politics internal – business lobbies Lampton 2001 The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform, pg 154 Although we normally think of the … with their workers’ interests. The WTO provides political cover for politicians and generates reforms Halverson 2004 (27 D.C. Int’l & Comp. L. Rev. 319) The essential function of the WTO … (IMF). No progress Mercury News 11/12/05 Six-nation negotiations … for future discussions. No impact to 5 year plan – no one adheres to it South China Morning Post 10/8/05 Although the drafting of the plan /// Professor Zhong said. FYP won’t reform CCP strangehold on power – dooms all reform Lam 10/25/05 www.jamestown.org/authors_details.php?author_id =56 The 11th FYP … CCP norms. Berkeley BW Aff Round 7 Shirley vs Team: Michigan JV Judge: Eric Morris Plan Text: Same as Casebook 1ac w/ cites: casebook 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, casebook Answers To Off Case Args The other off case arguments in this debate were relations, bizcon, and a HU da. Negative went for T AT: Olympics Counter Plan Olympics protections are irrelevant unless a stable domestic IP industry is built Wang, JD Candidate at Loyola Law School 2005 (Spring 27 Loy. L.A. Int’l and Comp Law Review 291 “a growing domestic ip industry” “not had much success” Doesn't solve WTO credibility Killion Visiting Prof of I Law at Shanghai U 2004 (14 Minn. J. Global Trade 43 China’s Foreign Currency Regime, winter, lexis) “in addition other countries” “legalification” International Fiat is Bad Threat is enough for compliance WTO threats key to local enforcement International Herald Tribune 11-7-2005 “in general you’d” “market-oriented and efficient” Trips key to WTO IOC is a private actor- that fiat is bad US Pressure is key A. Tech Leader Liu, Professor of Law at Singapore National U. 2005 “at the international level” “international level in the future” Market Influence Deng and Wang 2005 Engagement Fails Berk BW Aff Round 5 Shirley vs Team: Emory Cl Judge: CMac Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites Same 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Retal DA DSM solves Chinese politics Hu agenda fails We strengthen internal lobbies DSM legit Engage cp Enforce fails US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 11/9 www.uscc.gov/annual_report/2005/annual_report_full_05.pdf ‘the U.S. government…in international venues’ Legal assistance fails Clarke 2003 Chinas legal system and the WTO Washington U Law RE vol 2 No. 97 ‘in considering the usefulness…vis-à-vis China’ Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Berkeley BW Round 3 Shirley Vs. team name: Bard NS Judged by: Mike Shackleford Plan Text: Same as casebook 1AC w/ cites Same as casebook Added framework contention similar to Wake’s Answers to K Contradictions fail Root 96 Cannibal culture, art appropriates and the commodification of difference p 58 Provisional statements of truth good Sil 2000 Beyond Boundaries 100-101 Relativism Bad Bruckner 86, Tears of the White Man p 109 Psychoanalysis non falsifiable Robinson 04 andyrobinsontheoryblog.blogspot.com Modernity good Otto 97- Columbia Human Rights Review 29-1 « the approach is born » Going for ballot links to K Hutnyk 97 Debating Cortura/Hybridity p 132 1ar Strategy notes 2ar Strategy notes Cal BW Aff Round #2 Shirley vs Team: Richmond SS Judge: Kerry Coleman   Plan Text same   1ac w/ cites New 1ac cards IPR piracy is rampant in China- violations will increase b/c of lack of political will which threatens US econ competitiveness US-China Economic and Security Review Commission 11/9 2005 Report to Congress http://www.uscc.gov/annual_report/2005/annual_report_full_05.pdf “IPR piracy in China remains rampant” and “their use of proprietary technologies.”   We’ll win they’ll settle Solvency new card Same site “Despite incomplete compliance” and “toward this end” “Settle” Cal Berkeley BW Pre Shirley CONTENTION ONE- INHERENCY China fails to enforce it’s intellectual property laws in violation of the TRIPS agreement—piracy levels remain above 90% for all sectors USTR, 2005 (USTR Out of Cycle Review Results on China, ustr.gov) China’s inadequate IPR enforcement is resulting in infringement levels at 90 percent ….all government agencies at all levels use only legal software. Bush is ramping up pressure through a negotiations strategy against China at the WTO which fails and threatens protectionist backlash Washington Times, 10/27/2005 (lexis) The Bush administration yesterday demanded China offer detailed information…motion picture association of America. China won’t enforce despite Bush’s strategy China Business Daily 10/27/05 No complaint coming Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce. 3/11/05. (Hong Kong China Hawaii Chamber of Commerce, Trade Issues, p. http://www.hkchcc.org/trade_issues2.htm) THUS THE PLAN: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD FILE A FORMAL COMPLAINT AGAINST THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION’S DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. CONTENTION TWO- COMPETITIVENESS Initially note that the US is losing its competitive edge in the global economy—China is catching up AFP 2005 (http://www.independentbangladesh.com/news/j an/07/070 12005bs.htm) Asian economies are posing an unprecedented ….services and high-end manufacturing, he said. Poor intellectual property protection in China costs the economy billions threatening US economic leadership Stearns, US representative, 6/9/2005 (FDCH, lexis) U.S.-China trade began to grow ….Intellectual Property Working Group to address these concerns. These high levels of piracy harm critical high tech industries, threatening the collapse of the US digital economy BIAC, commission of OCED, 2003 (Creativity, Innovation, and Economic Growth in the 21st Century: An Affirmative Case for Intellectual Property Rights, biac.org) Computers, telecommunications, semiconductors, entertainment ….digital copies are perfect copies of the original. Unchecked intellectual property theft will collapse US technological dominance and innovation Choate, Hoover Institution, 2005(Hot Property, p. 284-6) The threat created by the global theft ….this decline need not be. US technological dominance is key to hegemony- impact is nuclear war Khalilzad, 1995 (Washington Quarterly, lexis) The United States is unlikely to ….position will necessarily worsen. Additionally, Chinese counterfeiting uniquely affects the software industry, threatening its viability Smith, International Intellectual Property Alliance, 5/25/2005 (Subcommittee on Intellectual Property Senate Judiciary Committee, www.iipa.com) Taking the business software industry first ….with no significant improvement in sight. The software industry drives the global economy—losses threaten global growth Holleyman, President and CEO of Business Software Alliance, 2004 (“Evaluating International Intellectual Property Piracy” Hearing before Committee on Foreign Relations, 6/9) Information technology has changed ….productivity leading to higher standards of living. Impact is nuclear war Chris H. Lewis in his book "The Coming Age of Scarcity" p. 56 1998 CONTENTION THREE- PHARMACEUTICALS Chinese piracy costs the pharmaceutical industry billions which is critical to the economy Fishman, Journalist, Author of China Inc, 2005 (1/9, New York Times) What makes China so troubling ….best talents toward their creation. These counterfeit drugs inhibit research and development and increase bacteria’s resistance—impact is incurable diseases Moken, 2003 (29 Am. J. L. and Med. 525, “Fake Pharmaceuticals” lexis) The sale of fake pharmaceuticals ….increasingly needed innovative drugs. n88 Pharmaceutical industry innovation is critical to stop AIDS, Alzheimer’s and cancer, failure to protect intellectual property dooms this EFPIA, 2000+ (no date given, http://www.efpia.org/2_indust/pharmainnovation.pdf) A snapshot survey indicates that pharmaceutical and biotechnology ….cure AIDS as well as other killing diseases. This causes millions to die a year from disease OECD Observer, 2003 (4/25, http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/996) However, so far at least, SARS ….lives, societies, and economies. Additionally, Failure to stop AIDS results in extinction Mutuma Mathiu, Africa News, July 15, 2000 Every age has its killer….human race was so hopelessly in jeopardy. CONTENTION FOUR- WTO CREDIBILITY US unilateralism in trade conflicts with China is threatening to bring down the WTO—use of the WTO for trade disputes is key to WTO credibility and relations internationally Killion, Visiting Prof of I law @ Shanghai U, 2004 (14 Minn. J. Global Trade 43, China’s Foreign Currency Regime, winter, lexis) This climate of growing U.S. deficits ….the rest of the world, including China. n25 Intellectual property will be the test case for the WTO—failure to confront China ensures its collapse D’Amato 2005 – Chairman US-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on China and the WTO: Assessing and Enforcing Compliance, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_02_3_4wrts/damato_richard_openstate.htm The Commission has evaluated China’s progress….these issues are going to be resolved The impact is nuclear war Copley News Service. 12/1/1999 For decades, many children….They should be celebrating it. CONTENTION FIVE- SOLVENCY A US WTO complaint and threat of sanctions are critical to get China to move on intellectual property protection Stokes, economics columnist for the National Journal and Fellow @ the Pew Center, 2005 (National Journal, 5/14, lexis) In 1989, President George H.W. Bush…., the future of the American people." The US must leverage the WTO—empirically cases get resolved to the US’s satisfaction Choate Author and Former Reform Party Vice Presidential Candidate 2005 (Pat, , The New York Times The Pirate Kingdom", May 12,lexis) Four years later, China has not met ….country's trade relations with China The US will win and the act of the complaint will cause Chinese enforcement Clark,2000 (China Business, May/June, “IP Rights Protection Will Improve in China Eventually”) The WTO's dispute resolution mechanisms will ….procedures after China joins the WTO. US pressure is critical—it alleviates protectionist tensions and causes a stable trading environment ROSS 1999 – PROF POLY SCI BOSTON COLLEGE ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 187 Nonetheless, American pressure is not without benefit. ….of an equitable international trading system. INITIAL CONSULTATIONS CAUSE EARLY SETTLEMENT WILSON 2003 – DIRECTOR LEGAL AFFAIRS DIVISION @ THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM TRAINING MODULE, WWW.WTO.ORG Objective of consultations The preferred objective of the DSU is for the Members Complaint will be settled or the US will win---Empirically China will reform in the face of WTO pressure. GAO Report on Intellectual Property ‘4 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04912.pdf U.S. efforts through multilateral forums have also had positive effects Chinese lawyers unprepared for WTO People’s Daily 11/18/2K http://english.people.com.cn/english/200011/18/eng20001118_55540.html With China's impending accession to the WTO US lawyers will get the job done PAUWELYN-Associate Professor, Duke Law School-‘3 OHIO STATE JOURNAL ON DISPUTE RESOLUTION [Vol. 19:1 2003] http://www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/americanizationpauwelyn.pdf Although all domestic legal systems have Add Ons Mil Mod A. MARKET ACCESS GENERATED BY IPR PROTECTION PREVENTS CHINESE MILITARY TECH PROGRESS SEGAL 2004 – SENIOR FELLOW COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS WASHINGTON QUARTERLY, SUMMER “Many of the risks of the commercialization and globalization of R&D” B. CHINESE TECH LEAPFROGING CAUSES US-CHINA WAR CHRISTENSEN 2001 – ASSOCIATE PROF POLY SCI @ MIT INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, VOL 25 NO 4, POSING PROBLEMS WITHOUT CATCHING UP, PP. 5-40 China does not appear poised to become a peer…People’s Liberation Army (PLA). C. THIS CAUSES GLOBAL NUCLEAR WAR Hadar, Asia Analyst – CATO Institute, 96 (The Sweet and Sour Sino-American Relationship Policy Analysis No. 248 January 23 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-248.html Leon “Historical Analogies: Resisting a Rising Power. The containment hawks and geoeconomic.., with nuclear weapons” Terrorism A. Counterfeiting is critical to terrorist funding The Observer, 2004 (7/18, lexis) The effect on the economy, however, is only half the story B. Cutting off funding is key to prevent terrorist attacks Lormel, 2001 (Dennis, Chief of the Financial Crimes Section of the FBI, Oct 3, 2001, "Statement Before the House Committee on Financial Services", http://hatemonitor.csusb.edu/CongressionaI/Congressional Statements/10_03_01_se.htm) So while I wish none of us needed to be here today, circumstances C. Impact is extinction Yonah Alexander, professor and director of the Inter-University for Terrorism Studies, 8/28/03 (Washington Times) Last week's brutal suicide bombings in Baghdad A2- Engagement CP Cooperation has empirically failed—China needs demonstrable pressure and economic harm to move on IPR enforcement because of their profit motive—MORE EVIDENCE FISHMAN 2005 – US REP (D-CA) AND AUTHOR AND JOURNALIST, CHINA INC. FEDERAL NEWS SERVICE, IP SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING, 5-17 MR. FISHMAN: I'd like to tackle that. I regard China's the threat of retaliation is critical to jumpstart bilateral cooperation Yu, Prof @ Cardozo U Law School, 2002 (70 U. Cin. L. Rev. 569) Consider, for example, the differences between a bilateral agreement and a multilateral regime Softline approaches to Chinese IPR enforcement cause protectionism Farr 2005 www.pbs.org/wsw/tvprogram/20050625.html MORICI: Yes. I do think that private property is not secure Doesn’t solve WTO advantage Levy, Williams, Cutler, and Pickering, 2000 (http://www.law.georgetown.edu/journals/lpib/symp00/documents/levy.pdf) The crucial implementation phase of TRIPS raises Relations --Nonunique and Turn- progress on IPR enforcement solves inevitable backlash against China Ikenson, Trade policy analyst @ CATO, 2004 (12/18, lexis) The Bush administration has been a fairly decent steward of trade relations with DSM process solves the link by diffusing conflict Roberts, Professor @ Fordham U, 2003 (40 Am. Bus. L.J. 511) Beyond the benefits to efficiency, international relations are significantly Turn- IPR pressure causes economic cooperation with China and facilitates stable relations ROSS 1999 – PROF POLY SCI BOSTON COLLEGE ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 190-191 Complementing bilateral economic relations and multilateral --No link- pressure doesn’t spillover into other areas of relations SUTTER 2000 – PROF FOREIGN SERVICE @ GEORGETOWN U CHINESE POLICY PRIORITIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS, PAGE 40-42 Presidents George Bush and Bill Clinton were' EU CP Doesn’t solve the WTO credibility advantage—US unilateralism threatens to collapse the WTO, it alone must take the lead Killion, Visiting Prof of I law @ Shanghai U, 2004 (14 Minn. J. Global Trade 43, China’s Foreign Currency Regime, winter, lexis) In addition, other countries, including developing countries US trade leadership is on the decline, only the plan can restore US trade credibility—impact is global war Bergsten, Director of the Institute for the International Economy, 2001 (Foreign Affairs, March/April) During the postwar period, the pervasive tension between regionalism US pressure is key A. Tech leader Liu, Professor of Law @ Singapore National U, 2005 (“Intellectual Property Protection Related to Technology in China” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, March, Vol 72 Issue 3) At the international level, the governmental decision B. Market influence DENG AND WANG 2005 – ASSOCIATE PROF’S POLY SCI @ NAVAL ACADEMY AND GEORGIA TECH CHINA RISING, PAGE 215-216 The large role played by the United States-and by United Nationalism IPR related problems in China give nationalist conservatives power—the plan is critical to demobilize these forces and continue China’s growth Yu, Professor @ Cardozo U School of Law, 2002 (An Action Plan to Reinvent US China Intellectual Property Policy, online) In addition, a well-functioning intellectual property regime No backlash to the plan Mulvenon, Ph.D.Director, Advanced Studies and Analysis, Center for Intelligence Research and Analysis, 2005 (http://www.whitman.edu/rhetoric/published/mulvenon.htm) I do not think that the PLA would react No public backlash—they understand merits of WTO membership PEARSON, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS, DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, 2001 (uscc.gov/hearings/2001_02hearings/transcripts/02_01_18tran.pdf) And as for social unrest, which I am sure is on everybody’s mind as well The WTO provides political cover for politicians and generates reforms Halverson, Associate Professor, John Marshall Law School, 2004 (27 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 319) The essential function of the WTO has been described as providing Cal Berkeley BW @ Gonzaga CONTENTION ONE- INHERENCY China fails to enforce it’s intellectual property laws in violation of the TRIPS agreement—piracy levels remain above 90% for all sectors USTR, 2005 (USTR Out of Cycle Review Results on China, ustr.gov) China’s inadequate IPR enforcement is resulting in infringement levels at 90 percent ….all government agencies at all levels use only legal software. Decisive action now is critical, however the Bush Administration refuses to take China to the WTO over TRIPS violations Daily Variety, 2005 (5/18, lexis) WASHINGTON --- Piracy levels in China and Russia might be beyond ….say "within a reasonable time frame." THUS THE PLAN: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD FILE A FORMAL COMPLAINT AGAINST THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION’S DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. CONTENTION TWO- COMPETITIVENESS Initially note that the US is losing its competitive edge in the global economy—China is catching up AFP 2005 (http://www.independentbangladesh.com/news/j an/07/070 12005bs.htm) Asian economies are posing an unprecedented ….services and high-end manufacturing, he said. Poor intellectual property protection in China costs the economy billions threatening US economic leadership Stearns, US representative, 6/9/2005 (FDCH, lexis) U.S.-China trade began to grow ….Intellectual Property Working Group to address these concerns. These high levels of piracy harm critical high tech industries, threatening the collapse of the US digital economy BIAC, commission of OCED, 2003 (Creativity, Innovation, and Economic Growth in the 21st Century: An Affirmative Case for Intellectual Property Rights, biac.org) Computers, telecommunications, semiconductors, entertainment ….digital copies are perfect copies of the original. Unchecked intellectual property theft will collapse US technological dominance and innovation Choate, Hoover Institution, 2005(Hot Property, p. 284-6) The threat created by the global theft ….this decline need not be. US technological dominance is key to hegemony- impact is nuclear war Khalilzad, 1995 (Washington Quarterly, lexis) The United States is unlikely to ….position will necessarily worsen. Additionally, Chinese counterfeiting uniquely affects the software industry, threatening its viability Smith, International Intellectual Property Alliance, 5/25/2005 (Subcommittee on Intellectual Property Senate Judiciary Committee, www.iipa.com) Taking the business software industry first ….with no significant improvement in sight. The software industry drives the global economy—losses threaten global growth Holleyman, President and CEO of Business Software Alliance, 2004 (“Evaluating International Intellectual Property Piracy” Hearing before Committee on Foreign Relations, 6/9) Information technology has changed ….productivity leading to higher standards of living. Impact is nuclear war Chris H. Lewis in his book "The Coming Age of Scarcity" p. 56 1998 CONTENTION THREE- PHARMACEUTICALS Chinese piracy costs the pharmaceutical industry billions which is critical to the economy Fishman, Journalist, Author of China Inc, 2005 (1/9, New York Times) What makes China so troubling ….best talents toward their creation. These counterfeit drugs inhibit research and development and increase bacteria’s resistance—impact is incurable diseases Moken, 2003 (29 Am. J. L. and Med. 525, “Fake Pharmaceuticals” lexis) The sale of fake pharmaceuticals ….increasingly needed innovative drugs. n88 Pharmaceutical industry innovation is critical to stop AIDS, Alzheimer’s and cancer, failure to protect intellectual property dooms this EFPIA, 2000+ (no date given, http://www.efpia.org/2_indust/pharmainnovation.pdf) A snapshot survey indicates that pharmaceutical and biotechnology ….cure AIDS as well as other killing diseases. This causes millions to die a year from disease OECD Observer, 2003 (4/25, http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/996) However, so far at least, SARS ….lives, societies, and economies. Additionally, Failure to stop AIDS results in extinction Mutuma Mathiu, Africa News, July 15, 2000 Every age has its killer….human race was so hopelessly in jeopardy. CONTENTION FOUR- WTO CREDIBILITY US unilateralism in trade conflicts with China is threatening to bring down the WTO—use of the WTO for trade disputes is key to WTO credibility and relations internationally Killion, Visiting Prof of I law @ Shanghai U, 2004 (14 Minn. J. Global Trade 43, China’s Foreign Currency Regime, winter, lexis) This climate of growing U.S. deficits ….the rest of the world, including China. n25 Intellectual property will be the test case for the WTO—failure to confront China ensures its collapse D’Amato 2005 – Chairman US-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on China and the WTO: Assessing and Enforcing Compliance, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_02_3_4wrts/damato_richard_openstate.htm The Commission has evaluated China’s progress….these issues are going to be resolved The impact is nuclear war Copley News Service. 12/1/1999 For decades, many children….They should be celebrating it. CONTENTION FIVE- SOLVENCY A US WTO complaint and threat of sanctions are critical to get China to move on intellectual property protection Stokes, economics columnist for the National Journal and Fellow @ the Pew Center, 2005 (National Journal, 5/14, lexis) In 1989, President George H.W. Bush…., the future of the American people." The US must leverage the WTO—empirically cases get resolved to the US’s satisfaction Choate Author and Former Reform Party Vice Presidential Candidate 2005 (Pat, , The New York Times The Pirate Kingdom", May 12,lexis) Four years later, China has not met ….country's trade relations with China The US will win and the act of the complaint will cause Chinese enforcement Clark,2000 (China Business, May/June, “IP Rights Protection Will Improve in China Eventually”) The WTO's dispute resolution mechanisms will ….procedures after China joins the WTO. US pressure is critical—it alleviates protectionist tensions and causes a stable trading environment ROSS 1999 – PROF POLY SCI BOSTON COLLEGE ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 187 Nonetheless, American pressure is not without benefit. ….of an equitable international trading system. Round 4: Aff VS. Southern California LN Plan: The United States Federal Government should file a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the World Trade Organization’s dispute settlement mechanism for violations of the agreement on trade-related aspects of International Property Rights. Round 5: Aff VS. Idaho State DY 2AC: Aff doesn’t have to have a positive view of the world Sil 2000, beyond borders Policy debate solves extinction Beves 2005 Academic research public policy Holsti 2002, RIS Policy making doesn’t make up puppets Risse 2000 International organization, “Lets Aisle, Communicated Action in World politics” Modernity K to Coalitions Otto 1997 Columbia Human Rights Law Reviews Round 5: Aff VS. Idaho State DY 2AC: Aff doesn’t have to have a positive view of the world Sil 2000, beyond borders Policy debate solves extinction Beves 2005 Academic research public policy Holsti 2002, RIS Policy making doesn’t make up puppets Risse 2000 International organization, “Lets Aisle, Communicated Action in World politics” Modernity K to Coalitions Otto 1997 Columbia Human Rights Law Reviews 2AC Cites Trips does not represent imperialism – key to developing nations fighting violence Long, prof at cornell law, 98 23 N.C.J. Int’l L. & Com. Reg 299 “Although TRIPS establishes broad….folkloric dances” IPR can incorporate new disciplines – perm solves Witkowski, Prof at Long Beach, 2005, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, lexis “Antiglobal opinions about marketing…dynamics and political implications.” IP is not a tool of imperialism – it can be used for liberation and economic development and is inevitable Gutowski, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1999, 47 Buffalo L. Rev. 713 “Despite the moral and economic objections of many critics of TRIPS…foundation to advance economic development.” Anti-globalization critiques would reinstitute serfdom – globalization is key to prevent poverty, save the environment and stop tyranny Chen, Law at Minnesota, 2000 (Fordham Intl LJ, Nov/Dec) “The antiglobalization movement has failed…runs anew the road to serfdom.” Antiglobalization is a cloak for protectionism and denies economic prosperity to the developing world – they don’t demand the destruction of the international trade order Tiefenbrun, Law at Thomas Jefferson, 2000, Spring, Arizona Journal of Intl and Comparative Law, p. 259-260 “The Battle of Seattle and the Debacle of Davos were nothing more and nothing less….reconciling them effectively within the system of free trade made possible by the WTO.” AT: DISEASE K Focusing on the health of the population isn’t ethically suspect WHO 2002 (http://www3.who.int/whois/genomics) “Some have seen the difference between earlier eugenics movements and contemporary…”it should be replaced with a clear account of what specific features make the practices wrong.” Viewing AIDS as a security issue heightens government response Piot, UNAIDS secretary director, 2000, (http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/288/5474/2176) AT t economic pressure Choate 2005, hot property, pg 235 “the fourth part of TRIPS is its” … “uphold their IP agreements” Schaeffer, 1997, 17 NW. J. INT’L L. & BUS. 609 “The office of the United States” …. “significant depending on the circumstances” Bryce 1996- 37 HARV. INT’L L.J. 525 “Despite these strong pressures encouraging” …. “achieved by foreign economic pressure” Watson 1982, Diplomacy, pg 42 “The complex business of modifying” …. “underlie the specific rules.” At t on = unilat Game developer 1-1-2004 “the cultural oceans between China” … “for at least 10 years” American heritage 2000 Used to indicate actual motion toward, against, or onto Watson ev above Pauwelyn 03, ohio state journal on dispute resolution, http://www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/americanizationpauwelyn.pdf “the WTO dispute settlement system” …. “form of “Americanization”.” Grassley and Baucus Global newswire ’05 “sen chuyck Grassley…plays by the rules” Grassley is powerful Des moines register 02 “to say the commite is powerful is an undertametn…not have ceom up” USTR does the plan DUdad 05 “on yhour question…what’s in there” PLAN = BIPART HOLLYWOOD REPORTER ‘05 “ A GROUP OF LAWMERS.,…PANEL’S SNEIOR DEMOCRAT” WINNERS WIN ON FP FRYE ‘01 “AS THE ADMINISTRATION…CONFIRM HIS DETERMINATION” PHARMACEDUTALS ARE PWORFUL AND DEMADN IP PROTECTION ENDESHAW ‘02 “US GOVERNMENT …LINKS TO THE DRUG COMPANIES” S Solvency ev D’amato 2005, hearing on China and the WTO: Assessing and Enforcing Compliance, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_02_3_4wrts/damato_richard_openstate.htm Round 5 Gonzaga 9-17-05: Aff VS. Idaho State DY 2AC: Aff doesn’t have to have a positive view of the world Sil 2000, beyond borders Policy debate solves extinction Beves 2005 Academic research public policy Holsti 2002, RIS Policy making doesn’t make up puppets Risse 2000 International organization, “Lets Aisle, Communicated Action in World politics” Modernity K to Coalitions Otto 1997 Columbia Human Rights Law Reviews 2AC All DA NU ISSA and Espinel, 5-17-05, FNS, IP Subcomm Hearing And just one follow up question…develop over the next few months Relations 2AC 1) N/l – no ev WTo jacks relations, emp denied 2) IPR pressure now ISSA Same card 3) Ross 99 1AC – pressure = stable trade relations, stops pism 4) IPR enforcement stops backlash vs. China Ikenson, 12-18-04 The Bush administration…steward of trade relations…rights enforcement 5) DSM solves conflict Roberts, 2003, 40 Am. Bus. L.J. 511 Beyond the benefits…governmental parent 6) DSM solves Same 7) Trade D a) Piracy jacks markets Fishman 9-22-2005, US-China Econmic and Sec. Review COmm. China’s failure to police…make it run b) Deficit reduction solves pism Knight Ridder, 9-27-03 The anger hasn’t risen…up in smoke.” c) Plan calms hardliners LaCroix and Konan, 02, “IP Rights in China”, Project Muse Cox and Ruffin…retaliation than tariffs 8) NO spill Sutter 00, Chinese Policy Priorities and Their Implications, p. 40-2 Presidents George Bush…influence in these areas 9) IPR ? stable relations Ross 1999, Engaging China, 190-1 Complementing bilateral…US-China economic relations 10) ! emp denied –sanctions in 95-96 11) Case solves impact – Kzad, leadership AT: T – Not economic 1) w/m – plan is threat of retal – winning = monetary damages, threat = economic force Choate 05, Hot Property, p. 235 The Fourth part of TRIPS is its dispute settlement procedures 2) w/m – purpose of WTO = economic Schaeffer, 1997, 17 NW. J. Int’l L. & Bus 609 The Office of the United States Trade 3) C/I – contextuality a) Increases education – ensures that debates about trade pressure remain grounded in the literature base debating unilateral versus WTO trlated trade options b) Predictability – only a finite number of actions have support, sanctions infinite 4) C/I – a) Economic pressure is threatening sanctions Bryce 1996, 37 Harv. Int’l L.J. 525 Despite these strong pressures…foreign economic pressure b) Diplo pressure must be int’l law c) Watson 82, Diplomacy, p. 42 The complex business..the specific rules d) W/m – plan threatens sanctions and uses int’l 5) Intep best a) Limits – limit to pressure through int’l and threat of sanctions b) Education – more real world c) Ground – allows WTO, ultilat bad, int’l law DA’s, gives unilat Cp’s d) Predict – interp moots diplo pressure 6) Their ground bad – allows tiny PICs, jack TSE 7) No P. AB Politics 1) NO link – plan USTR 2) F/F – Plan makes Bush Clinton, steal demo base Lind 05 00 NYT 7-10-05 Choate contrasts…products and apples.” 3) Agenda Cohen 97 4) Backlash – corp, china lobby, agencies backlash Stokes 05 Nat Journal That means Hollywood…hard-nosed with the Chinese 5) Action vs. China = Pol Cap Lampton 01, p. 337-8 IN the realm…way through Congress.” 6) Finite, key Light 99 7) No spillover 8) China = GOp infight Finite, key Light 99 9) No spillover 10) China = GOp infight McGiffert 03, China in the American Political Imagination, p. 56 For the moment…status quo 11) Base unity key Light 99 In measuring potential…conservative Democrats Cal Berkeley BW @ Gonzaga Round 1: Aff VS. Whitman College BM NONE DISCLOSED Cal Berkeley GrRe @ Gonzaga Round 4: Aff VS. Whitman College BM Plan: The United States Federal Government should file a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the World Trade Organization’s dispute settlement mechanism for violations of the agreement on trade-related aspects of International Property Rights. Round 5: Aff VS. Southern California FV NONE DISCLOSED UC Berkeley GR Aff Round 6 Shirley vs Team: Liberty CK Judge: Karla Leeper Plan Text Same. 1ac w/ cites Trade pressure critical to jumpstart domestic lobbying for IPR in China LaCroix and Konan, 2002, Intellectual Property Rights in China: The changing political economy of Chinese-American Interests, Project Muse Different levels of development AND overreach by foreign countries Domestic lobbies create enforcement and are key to solve the case Yu, 19 B.U. Int’l L.J. 1, 2001 Finally, the United States AND reforms and enforcement efforts 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, None. Answers To Off Case Args 2AC India Bad 1. India wp 2. Concessions n/u 3. n/u – anwr 4. bush has pc 5. pc finite? 6. pc finite 7. no spillover 8. turn – gop fracturing Hu 1. reforms don’t solve impact – growth expectations inevitable 2. no rich poor gap – localities root cause 3. causes protectionist pressure 4. process solves – only plan 03 5. IPR pressure stabilizes the Chinese government Ross 1999, Engaging China, p. 190-1 Complementing bilateral economic AND US-China economic relations 6. ed – other sanctions 7. heg solves impact CP 1. CP links – still threatens to engage 2. link to DAs (X) 3. don’t solve WTO credibility – need to take the suit 4. perm – do plan and CP 5. pressure is key Answers To Major Case Args US will win Hollywood Reporter, 8-16-05 U.S. Congressman Adam Schiff AND in the international arena 1ar Strategy Notes WTO advantage 2ar Strategy Notes CP links to DA’s – it still threatens the plan Cal-Berkeley GR Aff Round #3 Shirley vs Team: Concordia ES Judge: Thomas Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites Same but without pharmaceuticals adv Also added framework contention Answers To Off Case Args IPR solves colonialism Gutowski, 47 Buffalo L. Rev. 713, 1999 “Despite the moral and economic objections of many critics of TRIPS” IPR solves north-south divide Chen, 2005 Mich. St. L. Rev. 51 “Whatever their merits in other contexts, allegations of fundamental boundaries” UC Berkeley GR Aff Round # 2 Shirley vs Team: USC BI Judge: Chris McIntosh Plan Text Same as case list exactly IPR WTO formal complain 1ac w/ cites New card: IPR piracy is rampant in China—violations will increase because of lack of political will which threatens US economic competitiveness. US –China Economic and Security Review Commission, 11-9-2005, Report to Congress, http://www.uscc.gov/annual_report/2005/annual_report_full_05.pdf All else in case book 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, All in case book Answers To Off Case Args All cards in case book Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes Concedes Bush will veto any pressure now, giving Uniqueness to plan/adv. 2ar Strategy Notes Same, went for WTO key Cal Berkeley GR Pre Shirley Berkeley GR aff is the same as Berkeley BW Cal Berkeley GR @ Gonzaga Round 6: Aff VS. Cal Berkeley GR Plan: The United States Federal Government should file a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the World Trade Organization’s dispute settlement mechanism for violations of the agreement on trade-related aspects of International Property Rights. Cal Berkeley GR @ Gonzaga Round 2: Aff VS. CSU Fullerton HP Plan: The United States Federal Government should file a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the World Trade Organization’s dispute settlement mechanism for violations of the agreement on trade-related aspects of International Property Rights. Case Outline: China Fails to enforce IPR USTR, www.wstr.gov, 2K5 Bush refuses to file complaint Daily Variety 5/18/05 US is losing its competitive edge AFP 2005 Poor IPR Costs billions Steams 6/9/05 High levels of piracy collapse digital econ BIAC 2003 Unchecked theft collapses US tech dominance Choake, 2005, Hot Property Tech Dominance Key to heg – stops multiple nuc wars Khalilzad 95 China counterfeiting uniquely affects viability of software industry Simth 5/25/05, www.iipa.com Software industry drives global econ Holleyman 2004, “Evaluating International Intellectual Property Piracy” Impact is Nuke war Lewis 98 Cal Berkeley GrRe @ Gonzaga Round 2: Aff VS. Puget Sound MW NONE DISCLOSED UC Berkeley LS Aff Round #5 Shirley vs Team: MSU BH Judge: G-Stein Plan Text Same as caselist 1ac w/ cites Same as caselist Answers to Off Case Args EU will lose WTO 2001 march 14 http://trade-info.cec.eu.int/doclib/docs/2003/October/tradoc_111262.pdf “The question of gathering evidence” and “activities of multinational corporations” US lawyers are better Geoffrey Antell 2005 (Book review:defending interests: public-private partnerships in WTO litigation by Gregory Shaffer) “despite this shift, Shaffer posits” and “tends to be lifelong” Doesn’t solve WTO cred avd Killion 2004 14 Minn. J. Global trade 43, winter “other countries, including developing countries” and “legalification” Ruling against the US boost wto cred Thompson power and legalization: explaining US support of WTO Dispute Settlement sept 2002 “more important evidence of the WTO’s” and “through the organization” China settle Duncan 2002 18 Am. U. Int’l L. Rev 399 „there are also indications“ and „divisive trade dispute“ China setteles FT 11/9/05 “both sides have scope” and “allies on Capitol Hill” Consultations = settlement Wilson 2003 www.wto.org “the preferred objective of the DSU” and “proceedings under the DSU” Berkeley LS Aff Round # 2 Shirley vs Team: Catholic Judge:Stevenson Plan Text same 1ac w/ cites Same New card: USCC 11-9-2005 (report to congress) “IPR piracy in China remains” 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, same Answers To Off Case Args Same Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Cal Berkeley LS Pre Shirley CONTENTION ONE- INHERENCY China fails to enforce it’s intellectual property laws in violation of the TRIPS agreement—piracy levels remain above 90% for all sectors USTR, 2005 (USTR Out of Cycle Review Results on China, ustr.gov) China’s inadequate IPR enforcement is resulting in infringement levels at 90 percent ….all government agencies at all levels use only legal software. Bush is ramping up pressure through a negotiations strategy against China at the WTO which fails and threatens protectionist backlash Washington Times, 10/27/2005 (lexis) The Bush administration yesterday demanded China offer detailed information…motion picture association of America. China won’t enforce despite Bush’s strategy China Business Daily 10/27/05 No complaint coming Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce. 3/11/05. (Hong Kong China Hawaii Chamber of Commerce, Trade Issues, p. http://www.hkchcc.org/trade_issues2.htm) THUS THE PLAN: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD FILE A FORMAL COMPLAINT AGAINST THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UNDER THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION’S DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. CONTENTION TWO- COMPETITIVENESS Initially note that the US is losing its competitive edge in the global economy—China is catching up AFP 2005 (http://www.independentbangladesh.com/news/j an/07/070 12005bs.htm) Asian economies are posing an unprecedented ….services and high-end manufacturing, he said. Poor intellectual property protection in China costs the economy billions threatening US economic leadership Stearns, US representative, 6/9/2005 (FDCH, lexis) U.S.-China trade began to grow ….Intellectual Property Working Group to address these concerns. These high levels of piracy harm critical high tech industries, threatening the collapse of the US digital economy BIAC, commission of OCED, 2003 (Creativity, Innovation, and Economic Growth in the 21st Century: An Affirmative Case for Intellectual Property Rights, biac.org) Computers, telecommunications, semiconductors, entertainment ….digital copies are perfect copies of the original. Unchecked intellectual property theft will collapse US technological dominance and innovation Choate, Hoover Institution, 2005(Hot Property, p. 284-6) The threat created by the global theft ….this decline need not be. US technological dominance is key to hegemony- impact is nuclear war Khalilzad, 1995 (Washington Quarterly, lexis) The United States is unlikely to ….position will necessarily worsen. Additionally, Chinese counterfeiting uniquely affects the software industry, threatening its viability Smith, International Intellectual Property Alliance, 5/25/2005 (Subcommittee on Intellectual Property Senate Judiciary Committee, www.iipa.com) Taking the business software industry first ….with no significant improvement in sight. The software industry drives the global economy—losses threaten global growth Holleyman, President and CEO of Business Software Alliance, 2004 (“Evaluating International Intellectual Property Piracy” Hearing before Committee on Foreign Relations, 6/9) Information technology has changed ….productivity leading to higher standards of living. Impact is nuclear war Chris H. Lewis in his book "The Coming Age of Scarcity" p. 56 1998 CONTENTION THREE- PHARMACEUTICALS Chinese piracy costs the pharmaceutical industry billions which is critical to the economy Fishman, Journalist, Author of China Inc, 2005 (1/9, New York Times) What makes China so troubling ….best talents toward their creation. These counterfeit drugs inhibit research and development and increase bacteria’s resistance—impact is incurable diseases Moken, 2003 (29 Am. J. L. and Med. 525, “Fake Pharmaceuticals” lexis) The sale of fake pharmaceuticals ….increasingly needed innovative drugs. n88 Pharmaceutical industry innovation is critical to stop AIDS, Alzheimer’s and cancer, failure to protect intellectual property dooms this EFPIA, 2000+ (no date given, http://www.efpia.org/2_indust/pharmainnovation.pdf) A snapshot survey indicates that pharmaceutical and biotechnology ….cure AIDS as well as other killing diseases. This causes millions to die a year from disease OECD Observer, 2003 (4/25, http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/996) However, so far at least, SARS ….lives, societies, and economies. Additionally, Failure to stop AIDS results in extinction Mutuma Mathiu, Africa News, July 15, 2000 Every age has its killer….human race was so hopelessly in jeopardy. CONTENTION FOUR- WTO CREDIBILITY US unilateralism in trade conflicts with China is threatening to bring down the WTO—use of the WTO for trade disputes is key to WTO credibility and relations internationally Killion, Visiting Prof of I law @ Shanghai U, 2004 (14 Minn. J. Global Trade 43, China’s Foreign Currency Regime, winter, lexis) This climate of growing U.S. deficits ….the rest of the world, including China. n25 Intellectual property will be the test case for the WTO—failure to confront China ensures its collapse D’Amato 2005 – Chairman US-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on China and the WTO: Assessing and Enforcing Compliance, http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_02_3_4wrts/damato_richard_openstate.htm The Commission has evaluated China’s progress….these issues are going to be resolved The impact is nuclear war Copley News Service. 12/1/1999 For decades, many children….They should be celebrating it. CONTENTION FIVE- SOLVENCY A US WTO complaint and threat of sanctions are critical to get China to move on intellectual property protection Stokes, economics columnist for the National Journal and Fellow @ the Pew Center, 2005 (National Journal, 5/14, lexis) In 1989, President George H.W. Bush…., the future of the American people." The US must leverage the WTO—empirically cases get resolved to the US’s satisfaction Choate Author and Former Reform Party Vice Presidential Candidate 2005 (Pat, , The New York Times The Pirate Kingdom", May 12,lexis) Four years later, China has not met ….country's trade relations with China The US will win and the act of the complaint will cause Chinese enforcement Clark,2000 (China Business, May/June, “IP Rights Protection Will Improve in China Eventually”) The WTO's dispute resolution mechanisms will ….procedures after China joins the WTO. US pressure is critical—it alleviates protectionist tensions and causes a stable trading environment ROSS 1999 – PROF POLY SCI BOSTON COLLEGE ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 187 Nonetheless, American pressure is not without benefit. ….of an equitable international trading system. INITIAL CONSULTATIONS CAUSE EARLY SETTLEMENT WILSON 2003 – DIRECTOR LEGAL AFFAIRS DIVISION @ THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM TRAINING MODULE, WWW.WTO.ORG Objective of consultations The preferred objective of the DSU is for the Members Complaint will be settled or the US will win---Empirically China will reform in the face of WTO pressure. GAO Report on Intellectual Property ‘4 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04912.pdf U.S. efforts through multilateral forums have also had positive effects Chinese lawyers unprepared for WTO People’s Daily 11/18/2K http://english.people.com.cn/english/200011/18/eng20001118_55540.html With China's impending accession to the WTO US lawyers will get the job done PAUWELYN-Associate Professor, Duke Law School-‘3 OHIO STATE JOURNAL ON DISPUTE RESOLUTION [Vol. 19:1 2003] http://www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/americanizationpauwelyn.pdf Although all domestic legal systems have Add Ons Mil Mod A. MARKET ACCESS GENERATED BY IPR PROTECTION PREVENTS CHINESE MILITARY TECH PROGRESS SEGAL 2004 – SENIOR FELLOW COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS WASHINGTON QUARTERLY, SUMMER “Many of the risks of the commercialization and globalization of R&D” B. CHINESE TECH LEAPFROGING CAUSES US-CHINA WAR CHRISTENSEN 2001 – ASSOCIATE PROF POLY SCI @ MIT INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, VOL 25 NO 4, POSING PROBLEMS WITHOUT CATCHING UP, PP. 5-40 China does not appear poised to become a peer…People’s Liberation Army (PLA). C. THIS CAUSES GLOBAL NUCLEAR WAR Hadar, Asia Analyst – CATO Institute, 96 (The Sweet and Sour Sino-American Relationship Policy Analysis No. 248 January 23 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-248.html Leon “Historical Analogies: Resisting a Rising Power. The containment hawks and geoeconomic.., with nuclear weapons” Terrorism A. Counterfeiting is critical to terrorist funding The Observer, 2004 (7/18, lexis) The effect on the economy, however, is only half the story B. Cutting off funding is key to prevent terrorist attacks Lormel, 2001 (Dennis, Chief of the Financial Crimes Section of the FBI, Oct 3, 2001, "Statement Before the House Committee on Financial Services", http://hatemonitor.csusb.edu/CongressionaI/Congressional Statements/10_03_01_se.htm) So while I wish none of us needed to be here today, circumstances C. Impact is extinction Yonah Alexander, professor and director of the Inter-University for Terrorism Studies, 8/28/03 (Washington Times) Last week's brutal suicide bombings in Baghdad A2- Engagement CP Cooperation has empirically failed—China needs demonstrable pressure and economic harm to move on IPR enforcement because of their profit motive—MORE EVIDENCE FISHMAN 2005 – US REP (D-CA) AND AUTHOR AND JOURNALIST, CHINA INC. FEDERAL NEWS SERVICE, IP SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING, 5-17 MR. FISHMAN: I'd like to tackle that. I regard China's the threat of retaliation is critical to jumpstart bilateral cooperation Yu, Prof @ Cardozo U Law School, 2002 (70 U. Cin. L. Rev. 569) Consider, for example, the differences between a bilateral agreement and a multilateral regime Softline approaches to Chinese IPR enforcement cause protectionism Farr 2005 www.pbs.org/wsw/tvprogram/20050625.html MORICI: Yes. I do think that private property is not secure Doesn’t solve WTO advantage Levy, Williams, Cutler, and Pickering, 2000 (http://www.law.georgetown.edu/journals/lpib/symp00/documents/levy.pdf) The crucial implementation phase of TRIPS raises Relations --Nonunique and Turn- progress on IPR enforcement solves inevitable backlash against China Ikenson, Trade policy analyst @ CATO, 2004 (12/18, lexis) The Bush administration has been a fairly decent steward of trade relations with DSM process solves the link by diffusing conflict Roberts, Professor @ Fordham U, 2003 (40 Am. Bus. L.J. 511) Beyond the benefits to efficiency, international relations are significantly Turn- IPR pressure causes economic cooperation with China and facilitates stable relations ROSS 1999 – PROF POLY SCI BOSTON COLLEGE ENGAGING CHINA, ED. JOHNSTON AND ROSS, PAGE 190-191 Complementing bilateral economic relations and multilateral --No link- pressure doesn’t spillover into other areas of relations SUTTER 2000 – PROF FOREIGN SERVICE @ GEORGETOWN U CHINESE POLICY PRIORITIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS, PAGE 40-42 Presidents George Bush and Bill Clinton were' EU CP Doesn’t solve the WTO credibility advantage—US unilateralism threatens to collapse the WTO, it alone must take the lead Killion, Visiting Prof of I law @ Shanghai U, 2004 (14 Minn. J. Global Trade 43, China’s Foreign Currency Regime, winter, lexis) In addition, other countries, including developing countries US trade leadership is on the decline, only the plan can restore US trade credibility—impact is global war Bergsten, Director of the Institute for the International Economy, 2001 (Foreign Affairs, March/April) During the postwar period, the pervasive tension between regionalism US pressure is key A. Tech leader Liu, Professor of Law @ Singapore National U, 2005 (“Intellectual Property Protection Related to Technology in China” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, March, Vol 72 Issue 3) At the international level, the governmental decision B. Market influence DENG AND WANG 2005 – ASSOCIATE PROF’S POLY SCI @ NAVAL ACADEMY AND GEORGIA TECH CHINA RISING, PAGE 215-216 The large role played by the United States-and by United Nationalism IPR related problems in China give nationalist conservatives power—the plan is critical to demobilize these forces and continue China’s growth Yu, Professor @ Cardozo U School of Law, 2002 (An Action Plan to Reinvent US China Intellectual Property Policy, online) In addition, a well-functioning intellectual property regime No backlash to the plan Mulvenon, Ph.D.Director, Advanced Studies and Analysis, Center for Intelligence Research and Analysis, 2005 (http://www.whitman.edu/rhetoric/published/mulvenon.htm) I do not think that the PLA would react No public backlash—they understand merits of WTO membership PEARSON, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS, DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, 2001 (uscc.gov/hearings/2001_02hearings/transcripts/02_01_18tran.pdf) And as for social unrest, which I am sure is on everybody’s mind as well The WTO provides political cover for politicians and generates reforms Halverson, Associate Professor, John Marshall Law School, 2004 (27 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 319) The essential function of the WTO has been described as providing Cal Berkeley LS @ Gonzaga Round 4: Aff VS. Whitman College CM Plan: The United States Federal Government should file a formal complaint against the People’s Republic of China under the World Trade Organization’s dispute settlement mechanism for violations of the agreement on trade-related aspects of International Property Rights. Round 5: Aff VS. Cal Berkeley LS NONE DISCLOSED Cal Berkeley LS @ Gonzaga Round 2: Aff VS. Gonzaga DW NONE DISCLOSED Capital Capital RS Affirmative @ UNI Plan: In order to substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC in Human Rights, the USFG should renounce support for the campaign against UIGHURS, including removing UIGHURS from the state department terrorist list and associated diplomatic cover. Additionally, international donors to China should be notified of the campaign. Solvency US must pressure China to open dialogue even if they resist – Schwartz 04 Pressuring China by exposing it’s policies 2 international organizations is the only way 2 stop genocide: becqueli 02 Security since 9/11 threaten global civil war – fundamentally incompatible with democracy and threaten growing democratic challenge 2 display paradigm of control. We advocate paradigm of prevention and preventing conditions that create security threats. Legal prosecution of the UIGHUR rather than a paradigm of brutal response – Agamben 2002 Advantages – Terror Talk justified repressive campaigns of ethnic cleansing – pushs UIGHURS into Al qaeda – Stephe Schwartz 2004 US Sponsoring anti-uighur campaigns Enlarging Al qaida is last thing we need – nuclear terrorism would destroy society – chesney ‘97 Human rights adv – us reversal of recognition leads to HIV rates, environmental destruction, forced migration and propaganda – Kurlantzick 2004 Not enough for the Chinese government to displace UIGHURS – they are wiping out the culture too – Kutty ‘99 Adv. 3 – Genocide This is genocide – Kurlantzick 2004, Balancing security equations is a bad paradigm Case Western Case DD Round 3 Shirley Vs. team name: Samford Judged by: Wiley Plan Text:same 1AC w/ cites same Answers to Politics Media Manipulation!! Answers to Empire Empire now. 1ar Strategy notes 2ar Strategy notes Case Western DD Aff Round 2 Shirley vs Team: Denver EM Judge: Richard Tews Plan Text Same as caselist 1ac w/ cites Same as caselist except we read it slower and omitted the following ev: Traditional K of imperialism wrong (Hart and Negri 2000) Biopower causes extinction (Foucault 76) Last 2 solvency cards (Callaghan ev) 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Empire means disads don’t assume workings of SQ Answers To Off Case Args ASEAN CP: - Not competitive - Neg minsunderstands Empire Exceptionalism - Doesn't assume IR today - Empire destroys other cultures (Callaghan 04 – same as 1ac cite) Dialectical Materialism: - plan solves for/against mentality of state (Foucault 81) Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1983 (p. 455-6) - must attack at heart of Empire (Hart & Negri 00) Case Western DD Pre Shirley Case DD Affirmative We start with a short quote from Confucius describing the positive aspects of the concept of Great Harmony Confucius’ Great Harmony. http://www.noogenesis.com/Confucius/harmony.html This English translation is by Dr. Shih-shun Liu. The Chinese Book of Rites inspired Chinese thinkers and others around the world, appealing to these desires for egalitarianism. Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] The application of Great Harmony is limited - it grew out of the agricultural society Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Great Harmony’s application remains out of touch with everyday struggles. Its transcendent nature is ineffective Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Observation Two outlines the transition of international power relations Capitalist production and global relations of power has transformed IR. Need to re-examine Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Contemporary communication, collaboration, cooperation, and knowledge is suspended in the transnational web of Empire. This is the ontological root of war Hardt & Negri 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. August 2004. Penguin Putnam Empire means the political apparatus is but a ploy to obscure power relations. Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt In fact, traditional critiques of imperialism are misplaced in the era of Empire Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Empire is biopower. Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Biopower guarantees extinction. Foucault 1976. The History of Sexuality Volume I: An Introduction. P136-7 Thickening of the police function merely proves annihilation is inevitable Hardt & Negri 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. August 2004. Penguin Putnam Unfortunately, Hardt and Negri’s critique can’t mobilize. Juxtaposition with Chinese texts is key Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Denissen and I affirm: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China to employ harmony-with-difference toward Taiwan. Now, we intend to use the affirmative as the starting point for discussion. It is not our contention that our textual advocacy operates in a vacuum and therefore renders negative responses inapplicable. Rather, Denissen and I contend that the conception of diplomatic and economic pressure applied by one sovereign nation to another is, in the era of Empire, an empty gesture. We believe our affirmation signifies a radical potentiality for the juxtaposition of many forms of thought. This affirmation facilitates discussion and critique of status quo policy. Observation Three engages in a discussion of harmony-with-difference First, harmony-with-difference builds on Great Harmony but does not define a territorial utopia. Instead, it chooses to describe the site of resistance as the immanent Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Harmony-with-difference is a unique approach to Taiwan. Like the “One Country, Two Systems” approach to Hong Kong, harmony-with-difference successfully juxtaposes Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] We re-examine the Enlightenment era. Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] We open up the curtain on the ontological drama of Empire Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Case DD Affirmative @ Buffalo We start with a short quote from Confucius describing the positive aspects of the concept of Great Harmony Confucius’ Great Harmony. http://www.noogenesis.com/Confucius/harmony.html This English translation is by Dr. Shih-shun Liu. The Chinese Book of Rites inspired Chinese thinkers and others around the world, appealing to these desires for egalitarianism. Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] The application of Great Harmony is limited - it grew out of the agricultural society Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Great Harmony’s application remains out of touch with everyday struggles. Its transcendent nature is ineffective Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Observation Two outlines the transition of international power relations Capitalist production and global relations of power has transformed IR. Need to re-examine Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Contemporary communication, collaboration, cooperation, and knowledge is suspended in the transnational web of Empire. This is the ontological root of war Hardt & Negri 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. August 2004. Penguin Putnam Empire means the political apparatus is but a ploy to obscure power relations. Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt In fact, traditional critiques of imperialism are misplaced in the era of Empire Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Empire is biopower. Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Biopower guarantees extinction. Foucault 1976. The History of Sexuality Volume I: An Introduction. P136-7 Thickening of the police function merely proves annihilation is inevitable Hardt & Negri 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. August 2004. Penguin Putnam Unfortunately, Hardt and Negri’s critique can’t mobilize. Juxtaposition with Chinese texts is key Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Denissen and I affirm: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China to employ harmony-with-difference toward Taiwan.   Now, we intend to use the affirmative as the starting point for discussion. It is not our contention that our textual advocacy operates in a vacuum and therefore renders negative responses inapplicable. Rather, Denissen and I contend that the conception of diplomatic and economic pressure applied by one sovereign nation to another is, in the era of Empire, an empty gesture. We believe our affirmation signifies a radical potentiality for the juxtaposition of many forms of thought. This affirmation facilitates discussion and critique of status quo policy. Observation Three engages in a discussion of harmony-with-difference First, harmony-with-difference builds on Great Harmony but does not define a territorial utopia. Instead, it chooses to describe the site of resistance as the immanent Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Harmony-with-difference is a unique approach to Taiwan. Like the “One Country, Two Systems” approach to Hong Kong, harmony-with-difference successfully juxtaposes Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] We re-examine the Enlightenment era. Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] We open up the curtain on the ontological drama of Empire Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Case Western DD Nick Denissen & Nick Dorsey@ GSU We start with a short quote from Confucius describing the positive aspects of the concept of Great Harmony Confucius’ Great Harmony. http://www.noogenesis.com/Confucius/harmony.html This English translation is by Dr. Shih-shun Liu. The Chinese Book of Rites inspired Chinese thinkers and others around the world, appealing to these desires for egalitarianism. Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] The application of Great Harmony is limited - it grew out of the agricultural society Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Great Harmony’s application remains out of touch with everyday struggles. Its transcendent nature is ineffective Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Observation Two outlines the transition of international power relations Capitalist production and global relations of power has transformed IR. Need to re-examine Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Contemporary communication, collaboration, cooperation, and knowledge is suspended in the transnational web of Empire. This is the ontological root of war Hardt & Negri 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. August 2004. Penguin Putnam Empire means the political apparatus is but a ploy to obscure power relations. Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt In fact, traditional critiques of imperialism are misplaced in the era of Empire Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Empire is biopower. Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Biopower guarantees extinction. Foucault 1976. The History of Sexuality Volume I: An Introduction. P136-7 Thickening of the police function merely proves annihilation is inevitable Hardt & Negri 2004. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. August 2004. Penguin Putnam Unfortunately, Hardt and Negri’s critique can’t mobilize. Juxtaposition with Chinese texts is key Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Denissen and I affirm: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China to employ harmony-with-difference toward Taiwan. Now, we intend to use the affirmative as the starting point for discussion. It is not our contention that our textual advocacy operates in a vacuum and therefore renders negative responses inapplicable. Rather, Denissen and I contend that the conception of diplomatic and economic pressure applied by one sovereign nation to another is, in the era of Empire, an empty gesture. We believe our affirmation signifies a radical potentiality for the juxtaposition of many forms of thought. This affirmation facilitates discussion and critique of status quo policy. Observation Three engages in a discussion of harmony-with-difference First, harmony-with-difference builds on Great Harmony but does not define a territorial utopia. Instead, it chooses to describe the site of resistance as the immanent Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] Harmony-with-difference is a unique approach to Taiwan. Like the “One Country, Two Systems” approach to Hong Kong, harmony-with-difference successfully juxtaposes Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] We re-examine the Enlightenment era. Callahan 2004 “Remembering the Future – Utopia, Empire, and Harmony in 21st Century International Theory. European Journal of International Relations. December 2004.] We open up the curtain on the ontological drama of Empire Hardt & Neri 2000. Empire. (Harvard Univ Press) Online edition. http://www.angelfire.com/cantina/negri/hardt_negri_empire.txt Case Western DL, @ Buffalo Here are the cases our JV and novices will be running.  Each team may run either affirmative at any time. PLAN TEXT: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the areas of trade, human rights and weapons nonproliferation by passing H.R. 728 which will revoke Permanent Normal Trade Relations from the People's Republic of China. PLAN TEXT: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to grant full independence to the Republic of China (Taiwan) by threatening to classify the PRC as a “state sponsor of terrorism.” Case Western DN @ Richmond Inherency Permanent Normal Trade Relations were granted in 2000 CNN.com 2005, http://money.cnn.com/2005/02/09/news/international/china_trade/ Plan: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the areas of trade, human rights and weapons nonproliferation by passing H.R. 728 which will revoke Permanent Normal Trade Relations from the People’s Republic of China. Literature serves to clarify intent. Counterplan texts should be written out for clarity and fairness. If you have any questions, just ask. Adv 1: Dual Use Technology A. current policy allows export of dual use tech Forbes, 8/25/05, www.miltary-information-technology.com/article.cfm?DocID=1102 B. dual use tech fuels Iranian and North Korean prolif Forbes, 8/25/05, www.miltary-information-technology.com/article.cfm?DocID=1102 C. North Korea/Iran are failing states, will trigger a nuclear war fueled by massive worldwide prolif Cronin 2005, Preventing Nuclear Terrorism, April 4, 2005, www.csis.org/dos/pubs/sr/sr_05_02.htm Adv 2: WTO A. WTO encourages arms manufacturers Staples and Pemberton 2000 – FPIF Policy Report, ‘Security Exception’ & Arms Trade, www.fpif/org/papers/globmil/index_body.htm B. WTO credibility militarizes the global economy Public Education for Peace Society 1999, www.ratical.org/co-globalize C. arms sales will kill all life on the planet Hartigan 2005, Global Weapons Sales, www.freshmag.com.au/weapons.html GMO add on A. WTO forces GMOs on people Greenpeace 2003, www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/why-is-the-wto-a-problem.pdf B. GMOs kill biodiversity C. GMO = global extinction Adv 3: Manufacturing A. manufacturing is dying, this spreads thru the economy Koch 2005 www.cio.com/archive/011505/outsourcing.html?/printversion=yes B. if manufacturing continues to die in the US, it will destroy the US economy causing a ripple effect throughout the world Report to Congress 2003, House Subcomm on Environment, Technology and Standards, Committee on Science, June 5 2003, commdocs.house.gov/committees/science/hsy87544.000/hsy87544_0.htm, C. downturn in economy causes global nuclear war Mead, Houston Chronicle, 8/30/98 Case Western DP Round #3 Richmond Vs. team name: Wake OR Judged by: Jim Lyle Plan Text: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase Diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the area of weapons nonproliferation by amending current sanction laws to include the sanctioning of Chinese state-owned parent companies of corporations found to be contributing to Iranian chemical weapons proliferation. This includes, but is not limited to Sinopec funding and enforcement through normal means. Affirmative receives the right to clarify, questions just ask. 1AC w/ cites Obs. 1: Inherency – American sanctions law allows parent companies such as Sinopec to avoid sanctions levied against subsidiaries for selling chemical weapons technology to Iran, this leads to unchecked proliferation (Godsey and Milhollin, 05 – The New York Times, Feb. 25th) Obs. 2: a) The US will go to war with Iran, geopolitics, oil, democracy building, and WMD make it inevitable. (Klare April 11 2005) b) Despite large stockpiles of chemical weapons Iran has not yet become self sufficient in CW production – but it is on the verge of developing the technology and exporting it (Iran Watch July 2005, http://www.iranwatch.org/wmd/wmd-chemicalessay.htm) c) Iran’s CW program is not self sufficient – they rely on foreign assistance (http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/cw/) d) Fortunately Iraq proves stockpiling chemical weapons fails, they lose 95% effectiveness after only 12 months – stopping new production solves e) The use of any nuclear weapon in the Middle East would lead to all out nuclear war – non conventional capabilities increase the chance and number of nuclear weapons used (http://www.tzemach.org/fyi/docs/beres/november27-02.htm Louis Rene Beres) f) If attacked with chemical weapons, the US policy of calculated ambiguity ensures a nuclear response (Sagan 2000) …etc (I didn’t get to write the rest down) g) Crossing the nuclear threshold = nuclear war h) nuclear war = global Ob. 3: Israel Controversial nuclear facilities Israel = attack Iran when talks break down Iran will use chemical weapons in conflict Israel responds with all types of WMDs Obs. 4: solves for prolif companies Iran relies on China for foreign and chemical weapons Answers to Consult Japan Japan says no, doesn’t want to anger China Inherency evidence means Japan will say no There will always be a delay w/Consult We solve the US heg impacts Nationalism is fueled by Japan, not the US Anti-Japanese sentiment in control now but could explode Perm: Do the Counterplan; not textually competitive Lie perm Timeframe perms are legit, always solve the net benefit Dispo bad Conditioned Outcomes = illegit Nationalism is bad now because of Japan Conditional CPs bad, moving target Answers to Business Confidence No link – 1 company is being sanctioned in plan, not enough to cause the impacts Collapse doesn’t cause war Bush has sanctioned in past, perception link is non-unique Inflation is low now US in Middle East is key to solve heg, Cross apply Khalizad US leadership prevents prolif in Middle East We outweigh, conceded internal link to heg Answers to Nationalism US nuclear attack is inevitable (1AC) Doesn’t threaten China’s vital interests US pressuring China on currency No link, our ev. Is specific to one company CP’s always worse Case Western HT (Brian Holt & Sarah Tremont) @ Richmond RND 1- vs Towson BP Revoke PNTR- by passing HR 728 which will revoke PNTR from the People’s Republic of China. Literature serves to clarify intent. Counterplan texts should be written out for clarity and fairness. If you have questions, ask. Advantages: Dual use technology, WTO, US manufacturing, and Human rights Human rights are essential to world order, without it anarchy ensues (Gardner, professor of law and international organization and former US ambassador to Italy and Spain, 1964) (Richard, In Pursuit of World Order Morality is key to US Heg (Naval War College Review 2004) (Autumn, Neta C. Cramyard, “The Moral Duties of American Heg,” v. 57 p 67) Terrorism à extinction (Yonah Alexander, Washington Times 8-28-2003 US Heg will only give way to anarchy—there is no alternative (Eliot Cohen, “History and the Hyperpower” Foreign Affairs July/August 2004) Solv. The US can and should exert econ pressure on China to stop forced labor in prisons (Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 99) (November 21 “should China be admitted to the World Trade Organization, No: Rights abuses can’t be ignored”) Diplo and econ pressure on China’s forced labor human rights abuses- effective (Chris Smith, Representative in US House of Reps, July 19 2000, “Rep Chris Smith Decries Persecution in China”) Only tough sanctions will solve HR violations in China (John Davies, Atlanta Journal Constitution, April 28, 2003 Engagement hasnot helped HR but sanctions have (Kaplan 2001) Empirically US Pressure on China succeeds (Thomson 00) US econ pressure is effective in improving HR- China, Indonesia and Mexico prove (Business Week 94) International campaigns help solve (Zarocostas 2005) Sanctions work to solve HR: end of apartheid proves (Dittmer 2001) Case Western HT, @ Buffalo Here are the cases our JV and novices will be running.  Each team may run either affirmative at any time. PLAN TEXT: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the areas of trade, human rights and weapons nonproliferation by passing H.R. 728 which will revoke Permanent Normal Trade Relations from the People's Republic of China. PLAN TEXT: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to grant full independence to the Republic of China (Taiwan) by threatening to classify the PRC as a “state sponsor of terrorism.” Case Western NP @ Buffalo Here are the cases our JV and novices will be running.  Each team may run either affirmative at any time. PLAN TEXT: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the areas of trade, human rights and weapons nonproliferation by passing H.R. 728 which will revoke Permanent Normal Trade Relations from the People's Republic of China. PLAN TEXT: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to grant full independence to the Republic of China (Taiwan) by threatening to classify the PRC as a “state sponsor of terrorism.” Case Western PR Round # 6 Shirley Vs. team name: Macalaster HW Judged by: Newton Plan Text: same 1AC w/ cites: Inherency Commitment trap—US war with Iran. Israel – Israel war w/Iran Solvency Case Case Western PR Aff Round 3 Shirley vs Team: GSU AS Judge: Elsworth Plan Text Same as case list 1ac w/ cites Case list 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args none Answers To Major Case Args Realism good Fiat good Permutation do plan and rethink 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Case Western PR Round ??? Vs. team name:??? Judged by: ??? Plan Text: SAME 1AC w/ cites SAME Answers to Disad X (w/ key cites) Fiat is an ILLUSION Perm- mitigate ontology while endorsing plan Solves real world problems Case Western PR Pre Shirley This is our affirmative: Obs. 1 Inherency American Sanctions law allows parent companies to avoid sanctions and proliferate Matthew Godsey and Gary Milhollin, The New York Times, A Shell Game in the Arms Race, February 25, 2005 Obs. 2 Commitment Trap US/Iran war inevitable Klare 2005 [Oil, Geopolitics, and the Coming War with Iran http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0411-21.htm] Iran has not become self-sufficient in CW production - it is on the verge of becoming Iran Watch 2005; Iran's Chemical Weapons Program http://www.iranwatch.org/wmd/wmd-chemicalessay.htm Iran rely's on foreign assistance for CW production Federation of American Scientists 1998 http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/cw/ Stockpiling chemical weapons fails David Isenberg and Ian Davis January 2004 http://www.basicint.org/pubs/Research/2004WMD1.htm Iran will not be deterred from using CWs Paula Desutter, April 1997 http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF110/forum110.htm If attacked with CWs, US will respons with nuclear weapons Sagen 2000 [The commitment trap, International Security vol24 no.4 p85-115] Crossing nuclear threshold leads to global nuclearization Sagen 2000 This leads to global nuclear wars Utgoff 2002 ["Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions" p 87-90] Obs. 3 Israel Iran will pursue nuclear technology People's Daily Online, October 7, 2005 http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-10/07/content_3588555.htm Israel will attack when talks EU talks break down Alon Ben-Meir, May 10, 2005 "Outside View: Isreal and Iran's ticking bomb" UPI Iran will use chemical weapons in conflict W. Seth Carus 2000 Center for Counterproliferation Research, National Defense University Volume 4 No. 3 September 2000 Isreal will respon with nuclear weapons Michael Barletta and Christina Ellington, December 1998 http://cns.miis.edu/research/wmdme/israelnc.htm Use of nuclear weapon in the middle east leads to all out nuclear war Beres 2002 Text: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China in the area of weapons nonproliferation by amending current sanction laws to include the sanctioning of Chinese state-owned parent companies of corporations found to be contributing to Iranian chemical weapons proliferation. This includes but is not limited to Sinopec. Funding and enforcement gauranteed through normal means. Affirmative reserves the right to clarify. Questions, just ask. Chinese state owned companies are driven by profit - sanctioning parent companies solves Mihollin 2005, see above Iran relies on China for chemical weapons Carus 2000, see above China helps iran get CWs Iran Watch 2005, see above Catholic Catholic HK Round 5 Shirley Vs. team name: Case RP Judged by: Lyle Plan Text: same 1AC w/ cites same NK DA answers 1. china cant solve NK 2. Us concessions key, not china 3. impact ev is old 4. sanctions good Econ Answers U overwhelms L No link- will comply Consumer confidence declining No time frame for the collapse Oil=recession inevitable Specs outweigh general Politics answers 1. no specific link 2. Katrina blocks perm tax cuts 3. no link- post recessions 4. no internal- tax cuts don’t kill econ 5. gop win inevitable cook wash qrtrly fall 2k5 “no matter how bad the situation gets” EU CP answers No spec solve Us markets key Dispo bad Intnl fiat bad Perm do both “reasonable to assume that the bulk” Markets are the world’s deepest” “although quantifying” Answers to X Counterplan (w/ key cites) Answers to Topicality X (w/ key cites) Answers to Topicality Y (w/ key cites) 1ar Strategy notes 2ar Strategy notes Catholic HK Pre Shirley Here is the aff for both PS and HK please feel free to let me know if you have questions Jeff Pope CUA debate Despite some improvements in Chinese proliferation laws, dozens of companies supply arms overseas and current US laws hinder all US efforts to halt their proliferation Gary Milhollin. Director, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control and Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin Law School. Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission March 10, 2005 http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_03_10wrtr/milhollin_gary_wrts.htm Chinese companies are using American investors to finance weapons sales and given enough time will be able to create a lobby powerful enough to block future US action Frank Gaffney. {President and CEO of the Center for Security Policy} CHINESE PENETRATION OF THE GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS: ARE AMERICAN INVESTORS UNWITTINGLY BUYING THE ROPE TO BE USED FOR THEIR 'HANGING'? before the U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION. 11 August 2005 Advantage 1: Sudan a. Genocide Chinese arms sales to Sudan have given the government more powerful tools to kill their own people and China has vowed to block multilateral efforts by the UN Charles R. Smith Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2005 Is China Really Our New Superpower Rival? http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/8/24/110327.shtml Promises of stopping the genocide by the Sudanese government are hollow and even though the US has recognized it as a genocide we have failed to act Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Wisconsin) August 3, 2005 International Organizations have said that Darfur constitutes an escalating genocide but have done nothing as thousands die weekly and millions more have been driven from their homes Anthony J. Hall. The Mounting Crisis in the Darfur region of Sudan in Light of the Failure of Intervention in Rwanda. April 7, 2004 [Founding Coordinator of Globalization Studies at the University of Lethbridge] b. Regional Conflict The Darfur conflict is on the brink of spilling over to neighboring states, refugees are straining countries like Chad which could spark regional instability Lisa Schlein, Geneva Situation in Sudan's Darfour Region 'Very Serious,' says UN Envoy Voice of America News January 15, 2004 Millions of refugees and pursuing militias pouring over the borders into Sudan's neighbors will exacerbate regional tensions and could plunge the region into conflict The Economic and Social Council. REPORT OF THE united nations HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND FOLLOW-UP TO the WORLD CONFERENCE ON HUMAN RIGHTS Situation of human rights in the Darfur region of the Sudan. May 7, 2004 Small African conflicts like Sudan are the most likely flash point for a nuclear world war between the world's major powers Jeffrey Deutsch. [PhD, and founder of the Red Tiger Foundation and political consultant] The Rabid Tiger Newsletter, Vol. II, No. 9 November 18, 2002 http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html Advantage 2: Pakistan China continues to provide arms to Pakistan and is sitting idle as Pakistan continues to expand its nuclear program Mohan Malik A.Q. KHAN'S CHINA CONNECTION Volume 4, Issue 9 (April 29, 2004) [Malik is professor of security studies at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies] http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=395&issue_id=2939&article_id=236639 Continued Sino-Pakistan missile cooperation will accelerate the nuclear dynamics in the region and force India to deploy their nuclear weapons destabilizing the region Phil Saunders is Director of the East Asia Program at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies. How and Why China Proliferates Ballistic Missile to Pakistan," rediff special news feature, August 22, 2000 http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/aug/22spec.htm Deployment of weapons in South Asia will destabilize the region and increase the risk of accidental conflict exponentially Rajesh Basrur, fellow, Simon Fraser University, Fulbright Fellow, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004 "India's Escalation-Restrain Cycle,"" ESC Control, Chapter 3 http://www.stimson.org/southasia/pdf/ESCCONTROLCHAPTER3.pdf Indo/Pak war goes global Ghulam Fai Washington Post 2001 The plan: THE USFG SHOULD INCREASE DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA BY PLACING CAPITAL MARKET SANCTIONS ON CHINESE COMPANIES THAT CONTINUE TO SELL WEAPONS TO THE NATIONS OF SUDAN AND PAKISTAN. Current Economic vulnerabilities of Chinese companies mean that capital market sanctions will make it impossible for Chinese companies to continue their proliferation practices Gary Milhollin. {Director, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control and Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin Law School} Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. March 10, 2005 http://www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/testimonies/2005/US-China-comm-031005.htm Capital Market Sanctions on China would restrict their ability to list companies and US unilateral action would catalyze a global reduction in demand for Chinese securities Adam M. Pener, William J. Casey Institute of the Center for Security Policy ; June, 2001Capital Markets Transparency and Security: The Nexus Between U.S.-China Security Relations and America's Capital Markets http://www.uscc.gov/textonly/txcpmk.htm Capital market sanctions on Chinese companies will force China to pressure the Sudanese government to make peace in Darfur Eric Reeves, [Professor of English Language and Literature Smith College] Congressional Testimony on Sudan before the House Committee on International Relations, March 28, 2001 http://www.sudanreeves.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=103&page=1 Selective use of capital market sanctions like the plan wouldn't impact US markets because of their flexibility and any retaliatory action by China would be futile because of the depth of US markets Adam M. Pener, William J. Casey Institute of the Center for Security Policy ; June, 2001Capital Markets Transparency and Security: The Nexus Between U.S.-China Security Relations and America's Capital Markets http://www.uscc.gov/textonly/txcpmk.htm Catholic University HK (Koehl & Huntington) @ Liberty Aff: Capital Market Sanctions Plan Text: The United States Federal Government should increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China by threatening to impose capital market sanctions on Chinese parent companies if they continue to export weapons technology to Sudan. Funding and Enforcement guaranteed; we reserve the right to clarify. Case Advantages: genocide (same as PS) and regional stability Catholic University JS (Shoupe & Jackson) @ Liberty Aff: Capital Sanctions Non-prolif Advantage One: Sudan Genocide Must vote aff to avoid complicity Advantage Two: Regional Conflict Sudan most likely place for nuc war to erupt Catholic PS Aff Round 5 Shirley vs Team: Wichita State CS Judge: Feldman Plan Text Same as caselist 1ac w/ cites Same as caselist 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args K Georgier – International Law = symbolic system that is key to solve - Utopianism - Multiple conditional worlds bad Answers To Major Case Args Same 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Multiple conditional worlds bad Catholic PS Round 1 Shirley vs Team: Boston College CS Judge:Jim Lyle Plan Text Hence the plan... The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China (PRC) by threatening to place placing capital market sanctions on PRC companies that continue to proliferate weapons to the Republics of Sudan and Pakistan.  Funding and enforcement guaranteed 1ac w/ cites Observation 1 Serial Proliferators Despte improvements, companies supply arms overseas and US laws stop us from doing anything Gary Milhollin, 2005 (www.uscc.gov) "China's official stance on proliferation has improved over the past few decades......our sanctions do not have any real teeth" Chinese companies are using american investors to finance weapons sales and will create a lobby powerful enough to block future US action Frank Gaffney, August 11, 2005 ("Chinese penetration of the Global Capital Markets:...", L/N?) "I am concerned that the PRC's efforts to bring its dubious state-owned......opposition to transactions like CNOOC's acquisition of Unocal." Advantage 1 Sudan a. Genocide Chinese arms sales to Sudan have given the government more powerful tools to kill their own people and CHina has vowed to block multilateral efforts by the UN --Charles R. Smith August 24 2005 Charles R. Smith, August 24 2005 ("Is China Really Our New Superpower Rival?", www.newsmax.com) "At a meeting with Abbas Arabi Abdalla......All this comes in exchange for oil."     Promises of stopping genocide by Sudan are hollow--though the US recognizes it we fail to act Milwaukee Journal Sentinel August 3 2005 (L/N?) "Last month, on a visit to Sudan in east Africa, Secretary of State......while the violence there has abated in recent months, it is still happening" International Organizations have said that Darfur constitutes an escalating genocide but have done nothing as thousands die weekly and millions are driven from their homes Anthony J. Hall, April 7 2004 ("The Mounting Crisis in the Darfur region of Sudan in Light of the Failure of Intervention in Rwanda") "Another terrible storm of genocidal terror is raining down on Africa......the refugee camps and the escape routes of the displaced peoples."   The intentional group act of genocide o/w omnicide Berel lang 1984/85 (the philosophical forum, Winter Vol XVI, no 1-2) "A number of further questions arise in connection with the act of genocide......would have been required to produce the larger corporate act." Genocide renders the observer complicit, action is the only hope Arne Johan Vetlesen 2000 (Journal of Peace Research, vol 37 no 4) "Most often, in cases of genocide, for every person directly victimized......In short, inaction means complicity" b. Regional Conflict The Darfur conflict is on the brink of refugees are straining like Chad--regional instability Lisa Schlein January 15 2004 ("Geneva Situation in Sudan's Darfour Region 'Very Serious,' says UN Envoy") "The U.N. official, Tom Eric.....the fighting has to stop in Darfur"   Millions of refugees and pursuing militias pouring over the borders into Sudan’s neighbors will exacerbate regional tensions and could plunge the region into conflict. The economic and social council. Report of the united nations high commissioner for human rights and follow-up to the world conference on human rights situation of human rights in the Darfur region of the Sudan, May 7, 2004 “It is clear that the current pattern…Sudanese refugees into Chad.” Small African conflicts like Sudan will spark nuclear war between major powers Jeffrey Deutsch, Nov 18 2002 (www.rabidtigers.com) "The Rabid Tigers Project believes......some people love to go fishing" Advantage 2 Pakistan China continues to provide arms to Pakistan and is sitting idle as pakistan expands its nuclear program Mohan Malik, April 29 2004 (www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=395&issue_id2939&article_id=236639) "However, many long time China-watchers......increase, not decrease, if it is to keep up with India." Continued Sina/Pakistan missile cooperation will accelerate nuclear dymanics in the region and will force India to deploy the nuclear weapons Phil Saunders, August 22, 2000 ("How and Why China Proliferates Ballistic Missile to Pakistan", www.rediff.com/news/2000/aug/22spec.htm) Continuing Chinese missile proliferation to Pakistan will have......if China continues its recent proliferation behaviour." Deployment of weapons in South Asia will destabilize the region and increase chances of accidental conflict Rajesh Basrur, 2004 ("India's Escalation-Restrain Cycle", www.stimson.org/southasia/pdf/ESCCONTROLCHAPTER3.pdf) "The most threatening and escalation-inducing development......to more constructive avenues of engagement." An India Pakistan war would cause extinction Ghulam Nabi, July 8, 2001 ("The Most Dangerous Place on Earth", L/N) "The most dangerous place on the planet is Kashmir......and impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention."   Hence the plan... The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China (PRC) by threatening to place placing capital market sanctions on PRC companies that continue to proliferate weapons to the Republics of Sudan and Pakistan.  Funding and enforcement guaranteed   Obs 2 Solvency Current economic vulnerabilities of Chinese companies mean that capital market sanctions will make it impossible to continue proliferation Gary milhollin march 10 2005 (www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/testimonies/205/US-China-comm-031055.htm) "We need to ask ourselves a simple question......for companies like Sinopec to change their ways" Capital market sanctions on China would restrict ability to list companies and US unilateral action would catalyze a globval reduction in demand for Chinese securities Adam M. Pener June 2001 (www.uscc.gov/textonly/txcpmk.htm) "The PRC hopes to partially privatize...to continue its surge of fundraising activities"   capital market sanctions on Chinese companies force China to pressure Sudan to make peace Eric Reeves--March 28 2001 (prof of english @ smith college--www.sudanreeves.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=103&page=1) "Capital market sanctions directed at Chinese......If Beijing speaks, Khartoum will listen" one act of capital markets would spur global aciton against genocide and weapons prolif Frank Gaffney (Jr) 2001 ("Market Transparency Works", www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/gaffney070301.asp) "If the only result of these developments......to ensure they must make from now on." Selective use of capital market sancitons wouldn't impact markets in US Adam M. Pener 2001 ("Capital Markets Transparency and Security: The Nexus Between U.S.-China Security Relations and America's Capital Markets", www.uscc.gov/textonly/txcpmk.htm "Finally, there remain a number of arguments that have been put forth......this possibility should be considered by policy-makers." 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Catholic PS Pre Shirley Here is the aff for both PS and HK please feel free to let me know if you have questions Jeff Pope CUA debate Despite some improvements in Chinese proliferation laws, dozens of companies supply arms overseas and current US laws hinder all US efforts to halt their proliferation Gary Milhollin. Director, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control and Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin Law School. Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission March 10, 2005 http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_03_10wrtr/milhollin_gary_wrts.htm Chinese companies are using American investors to finance weapons sales and given enough time will be able to create a lobby powerful enough to block future US action Frank Gaffney. {President and CEO of the Center for Security Policy} CHINESE PENETRATION OF THE GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS: ARE AMERICAN INVESTORS UNWITTINGLY BUYING THE ROPE TO BE USED FOR THEIR 'HANGING'? before the U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION. 11 August 2005 Advantage 1: Sudan a. Genocide Chinese arms sales to Sudan have given the government more powerful tools to kill their own people and China has vowed to block multilateral efforts by the UN Charles R. Smith Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2005 Is China Really Our New Superpower Rival? http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2005/8/24/110327.shtml Promises of stopping the genocide by the Sudanese government are hollow and even though the US has recognized it as a genocide we have failed to act Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Wisconsin) August 3, 2005 International Organizations have said that Darfur constitutes an escalating genocide but have done nothing as thousands die weekly and millions more have been driven from their homes Anthony J. Hall. The Mounting Crisis in the Darfur region of Sudan in Light of the Failure of Intervention in Rwanda. April 7, 2004 [Founding Coordinator of Globalization Studies at the University of Lethbridge] b. Regional Conflict The Darfur conflict is on the brink of spilling over to neighboring states, refugees are straining countries like Chad which could spark regional instability Lisa Schlein, Geneva Situation in Sudan's Darfour Region 'Very Serious,' says UN Envoy Voice of America News January 15, 2004 Millions of refugees and pursuing militias pouring over the borders into Sudan's neighbors will exacerbate regional tensions and could plunge the region into conflict The Economic and Social Council. REPORT OF THE united nations HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND FOLLOW-UP TO the WORLD CONFERENCE ON HUMAN RIGHTS Situation of human rights in the Darfur region of the Sudan. May 7, 2004 Small African conflicts like Sudan are the most likely flash point for a nuclear world war between the world's major powers Jeffrey Deutsch. [PhD, and founder of the Red Tiger Foundation and political consultant] The Rabid Tiger Newsletter, Vol. II, No. 9 November 18, 2002 http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html Advantage 2: Pakistan China continues to provide arms to Pakistan and is sitting idle as Pakistan continues to expand its nuclear program Mohan Malik A.Q. KHAN'S CHINA CONNECTION Volume 4, Issue 9 (April 29, 2004) [Malik is professor of security studies at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies] http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=395&issue_id=2939&article_id=236639 Continued Sino-Pakistan missile cooperation will accelerate the nuclear dynamics in the region and force India to deploy their nuclear weapons destabilizing the region Phil Saunders is Director of the East Asia Program at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies. How and Why China Proliferates Ballistic Missile to Pakistan," rediff special news feature, August 22, 2000 http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/aug/22spec.htm Deployment of weapons in South Asia will destabilize the region and increase the risk of accidental conflict exponentially Rajesh Basrur, fellow, Simon Fraser University, Fulbright Fellow, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004 "India's Escalation-Restrain Cycle,"" ESC Control, Chapter 3 http://www.stimson.org/southasia/pdf/ESCCONTROLCHAPTER3.pdf Indo/Pak war goes global Ghulam Fai Washington Post 2001 The plan: THE USFG SHOULD INCREASE DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA BY PLACING CAPITAL MARKET SANCTIONS ON CHINESE COMPANIES THAT CONTINUE TO SELL WEAPONS TO THE NATIONS OF SUDAN AND PAKISTAN. Current Economic vulnerabilities of Chinese companies mean that capital market sanctions will make it impossible for Chinese companies to continue their proliferation practices Gary Milhollin. {Director, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control and Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin Law School} Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. March 10, 2005 http://www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/testimonies/2005/US-China-comm-031005.htm Capital Market Sanctions on China would restrict their ability to list companies and US unilateral action would catalyze a global reduction in demand for Chinese securities Adam M. Pener, William J. Casey Institute of the Center for Security Policy ; June, 2001Capital Markets Transparency and Security: The Nexus Between U.S.-China Security Relations and America's Capital Markets http://www.uscc.gov/textonly/txcpmk.htm Capital market sanctions on Chinese companies will force China to pressure the Sudanese government to make peace in Darfur Eric Reeves, [Professor of English Language and Literature Smith College] Congressional Testimony on Sudan before the House Committee on International Relations, March 28, 2001 http://www.sudanreeves.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=103&page=1 Selective use of capital market sanctions like the plan wouldn't impact US markets because of their flexibility and any retaliatory action by China would be futile because of the depth of US markets Adam M. Pener, William J. Casey Institute of the Center for Security Policy ; June, 2001Capital Markets Transparency and Security: The Nexus Between U.S.-China Security Relations and America's Capital Markets http://www.uscc.gov/textonly/txcpmk.htm Catholic University PS (Pope & Shoupe) @ Liberty Observation 1 Serial Proliferators Despte improvements, companies supply arms overseas and US laws stop us from doing anything Gary Milhollin, 2005 (www.uscc.gov) "China's official stance on proliferation has improved over the past few decades......our sanctions do not have any real teeth" Chinese companies are using american investors to finance weapons sales and will create a lobby powerful enough to block future US action Frank Gaffney, August 11, 2005 ("Chinese penetration of the Global Capital Markets:...", L/N?) "I am concerned that the PRC's efforts to bring its dubious state-owned......opposition to transactions like CNOOC's acquisition of Unocal." Advantage 1 Sudan a. Genocide Chinese arms sales to Sudan have given the government more powerful tools to kill their own people and CHina has vowed to block multilateral efforts by the UN --Charles R. Smith August 24 2005 Charles R. Smith, August 24 2005 ("Is China Really Our New Superpower Rival?", www.newsmax.com) "At a meeting with Abbas Arabi Abdalla......All this comes in exchange for oil."     Promises of stopping genocide by Sudan are hollow--though the US recognizes it we fail to act Milwaukee Journal Sentinel August 3 2005 (L/N?) "Last month, on a visit to Sudan in east Africa, Secretary of State......while the violence there has abated in recent months, it is still happening" International Organizations have said that Darfur constitutes an escalating genocide but have done nothing as thousands die weekly and millions are driven from their homes Anthony J. Hall, April 7 2004 ("The Mounting Crisis in the Darfur region of Sudan in Light of the Failure of Intervention in Rwanda") "Another terrible storm of genocidal terror is raining down on Africa......the refugee camps and the escape routes of the displaced peoples."   The intentional group act of genocide o/w omnicide Berel lang 1984/85 (the philosophical forum, Winter Vol XVI, no 1-2) "A number of further questions arise in connection with the act of genocide......would have been required to produce the larger corporate act." Genocide renders the observer complicit, action is the only hope Arne Johan Vetlesen 2000 (Journal of Peace Research, vol 37 no 4) "Most often, in cases of genocide, for every person directly victimized......In short, inaction means complicity" b. Regional Conflict The Darfur conflict is on the brink of refugees are straining like Chad--regional instability Lisa Schlein January 15 2004 ("Geneva Situation in Sudan's Darfour Region 'Very Serious,' says UN Envoy") "The U.N. official, Tom Eric.....the fighting has to stop in Darfur"   Small African conflicts like Sudan will spark nuclear war between major powers Jeffrey Deutsch, Nov 18 2002 (www.rabidtigers.com) "The Rabid Tigers Project believes......some people love to go fishing" Advantage 2 Pakistan China continues to provide arms to Pakistan and is sitting idle as pakistan expands its nuclear program Mohan Malik, April 29 2004 (www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=395&issue_id2939&article_id=236639) "However, many long time China-watchers......increase, not decrease, if it is to keep up with India." Continued Sina/Pakistan missile cooperation will accelerate nuclear dymanics in the region and will force India to deploy the nuclear weapons Phil Saunders, August 22, 2000 ("How and Why China Proliferates Ballistic Missile to Pakistan", www.rediff.com/news/2000/aug/22spec.htm) Continuing Chinese missile proliferation to Pakistan will have......if China continues its recent proliferation behaviour." Deployment of weapons in South Asia will destabilize the region and increase chances of accidental conflict Rajesh Basrur, 2004 ("India's Escalation-Restrain Cycle", www.stimson.org/southasia/pdf/ESCCONTROLCHAPTER3.pdf) "The most threatening and escalation-inducing development......to more constructive avenues of engagement." An India Pakistan war would cause extinction Ghulam Nabi, July 8, 2001 ("The Most Dangerous Place on Earth", L/N) "The most dangerous place on the planet is Kashmir......and impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention."   Hence the plan... The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China by threatening to place capital market sanctions on PRC companies that continue to proliferate weapons to the republics of Sudan and Pakistan.  Funding and enforcement guaranteed   Obs 2 Solvency Current economic vulnerabilities of Chinese companies mean that capital market sanctions will make it impossible to continue proliferation Gary milhollin march 10 2005 (www.wisconsinproject.org/pubs/testimonies/205/US-China-comm-031055.htm) "We need to ask ourselves a simple question......for companies like Sinopec to change their ways" Capital market sanctions on China would restrict ability to list companies and US unilateral action would catalyze a globval reduction in demand for Chinese securities Adam M. Pener June 2001 (www.uscc.gov/textonly/txcpmk.htm) "The PRC hopes to partially privatize...to continue its surge of fundraising activities"   capital market sanctions on Chinese companies force China to pressure Sudan to make peace Eric Reeves--March 28 2001 (prof of english @ smith college--www.sudanreeves.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=103&page=1) "Capital market sanctions directed at Chinese......If Beijing speaks, Khartoum will listen" one act of capital markets would spur global aciton against genocide and weapons prolif Frank Gaffney (Jr) 2001 ("Market Transparency Works", www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/gaffney070301.asp) "If the only result of these developments......to ensure they must make from now on." Selective use of capital market sancitons wouldn't impact markets in US Adam M. Pener 2001 ("Capital Markets Transparency and Security: The Nexus Between U.S.-China Security Relations and America's Capital Markets", www.uscc.gov/textonly/txcpmk.htm "Finally, there remain a number of arguments that have been put forth......this possibility should be considered by policy-makers." Central Oklahoma Central Oklahoma BC Jennifer Belding & Andy Casey @ GSU CONTENTION ONE: INHERENCY WHILE CHINA HAS SHOWN COMMITMENT FOR A SMALL CHANGE, THE 2.1% REVALUATION IS NOT ENOUGH—THIS “SMALL REVOLUTION” WILL ONLY HAVE A “NEGLIGIBLE EFFECT.” US FED NEWS, 7/27/05.—LEXIS. “TWO PERCENT IS NOTHING…NOT ENOUGH.” AND, BUSH AND CONGRESS ARE APPEASED BY THE CURRENT REVALUATION AND WILL NOT CONTINUE TO PRESSURE CHINA. THE ECONOMIST 6/25/05—LEXIS. “ALTHOUGH THE US COULD…MR HU.” UNLESS CHINA CONTINUES TO REVALUATE THE YUAN, PROTECTIONISM WILL RISE AND TRADE TENSIONS WILL INTENSIFY. ALAN M. FIELD, 8/1/05. LEXIS—“BY AGREEING TO REVLAUE…TENSIONS COULD INTENSIFY.” CONTENTION TWO: HARMS. ADVANTAGE ONE: TRADE DEFICIT THE DEVALUATION OF THE YUAN IS DISASTROUS FOR THE US AND GLOBAL ECONOMY DUE TO THE TRADE DEFICIT. BUSINESS TIMES, 6/23/05. “WILL CHINA RELENT?...ALL OTHER COUNTRIES.” EVEN WITH CHINESE ASCENSION INTO THE WTO, THE TRADE DEFICIT HAS NOT SHRUNK AND WILL NOT UNLESS CHINA REVALUES. KILLION 04—LEXIS. “THE CONTROVERSY SURROUND…PEGGED TO THIS DAY.” RUNNING UP THE TRADE DEFICIT CAUSES THE US TO BE TOO RELIANT ON FOREIGN COUNTRIES GUARANTEEING A PAINFUL ECONOMIC CRISIS. THE NATION, 5/10/04. “THE US ECONOMY…TOO MUCH BORROWING.” AND ECONOMIC COLLAPSE LEADS TO WAR. BEARDEN ADVANTAGE TWO: CHINESE OVERHEAT CHINA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH WILL OVERHEAT SOON. ONLY A YUAN REVALUATION WILL COOL THE “RED HOT TRANSITION” WITHOUT KILLING THE ECONOMY. WELLER, 2/5/04. LEXIS—“MOREOVER, CHINA IS…IF THEY CONTINUE.” AN OVERHEATING CHINESE ECONOMY WILL RESULT IN INCREDIBLE OVERSUPPLY AND LOAN BUSTS CAUSING A HARD LANDING WITH INTEREST RATES RISING, KILLING THE CHINESE ECONOMY. GOLDSTEIN AND LARDY, 9/12/03. WALL STREET JOURNAL ONLINE. THE RESULT WILL DICTATE THE FATE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY. BBC MONITORING ASIA PACIFIC, 7/26/05—LEXIS. “THE DECISION OF THE…FINANCIAL MARKETS.” ADVANTAGE THREE: MANUFACTURING AN UNDERVALUED YUAN DESTROYS AMERICAN MANUFACTURING BY MAKING THE COST OF THE FINAL PRODUCT CHEAPER THAN THE RAW MATERIALS. FEDERAL NEWS SERVICE, 2005—LEXIS. “CAROLINA, WAS IN MY OFFICE…THEIR WORDS WITH ACTIONS.” US MANUFACTURING IS CRITICAL TO ECONOMIC GROWTH—IT GENERATES NEW PRODUCTS, PROCESSES, WELL-PAYING JOBS, INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVE PRICING. COMMERCE DEPARTMENT, 1/10/05.—LEXIS. “US MANUFACTURING IS…VIEW AND POORLY UNDERSTOOD.” ADVANTAGE FOUR: TRADE IF CHINA DOES NOT FLOAT THE YUAN, THE ENTIRE INTERNATIONAL TRADE SYSTEM WILL BE IN SHAMBLES. NOT REVALUING DESTROYS FREE TRADE. ASIA TIMES, 5/27/05. “IN SHORT, WITHIN THE PAST DECADE….RELATIVE TO CHINA.” AND, PROTECTIONIST RETALIATION WILL BE TAKEN IF CHINA IGNORES US AND INTERNATIONAL CRIES FOR REVALUATION. FNS, 05—LEXIS. “AND THE LARGER ISSUE…MORE DISPOSABLE INCOME.” FURTHERMORE, FLOATING THE YUAN IS A TENET AND ESSENTIAL TO FREE TRADE. FNS 05—LEXIS. “I WOULD DISAGREE…THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE.” FREE TRADE PREVENTS NUCLEAR EXTINCTION—IF ECONOMIES ARE BUILT ON OTHER NATIONS WE LOSE THE INCENTIVE FOR WAR AND HOSTILITY DIMINISHES. COPLEY NEWS SERVICE, 12/1/99. “FOR DECADES, MANY CHILDREN…HOSTILITY DIMINISHES.” AND, WITHOUT FREE TRADE, CHINA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH WOULD HALT AND CAUSE PERPETUAL POVERTY ON HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS. GRISWOLD, 11/6/02, WWW.FREETRADE.ORG/PUBS/SPEECHES/DG-110602.HTM AND, THE IMPACTS OF POVERTY ARE EQUIVALENT TO AN ONGOING, SYSTEMIC NUCLEAR HOLOCAUST ON THE UNDERCLASS. ABU-JAMAL, 11/19/98. WWW.ANGELFIRE.COM/AZ/CATCHPHRAZE/MUMIASWORDS.HTML GLOBALIZATION CONTAINS ESCALATION OF REGIONAL CONFLICTS, PREVENTS ECONOMIC COERCION, CAUSES WIN-WIN POLITICAL COMPETITION, AND CAUSES OVERALL ECONOMIC GROWTH. YONG DENG AND MOORE IN 04—LEXIS. “THE RISING TREND…A CASE IN POINT.” THUS THE PLAN: THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE DIPLOMATIC AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, IN THE AREA OF TRADE, BY FILING A COMPLAINT THROUGH THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY TO RESOLVE THE RENMINBI REVALUATION UNDER MOST FAVORED NATIONS STATUS AND THE FAIR CURRENCY ACT OF 2003. ANY QUESTIONS? JUST ASK. CONTENTION THREE: SOLVENCY USE OF THE WTO DISPUTE RESOLUTION BOARD WILL PRODUCE SUCCESSFUL RESOLUTION TO THE VALUE OF THE YUAN AND STRENGTHEN THE WORLD TRADE SYSTEM. KILLION 04—LEXIS. “THE CONTROVERSY SURROUND…PEGGED TO THIS DAY.” FLOATING THE YUAN ALLOWS FAIR US COMPETITION AND HAS NO DESTABILIZING EFFECTS OF THE ECONOMY. GIAMMONA AND SPERLING IN 05—LEXIS. “THE PEOPLE’S BANK OF CHINA…CHINA’S DOMESTIC ECONOMY.” THE PEGGED YUAN IS A VIOLATION OF WTO STANDARDS CAN BE BROUGHT BEFORE THE DSB UNDER THE FAIR CURRENCY ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 2003, ARTICLE IV OF THE IMF AGREEMENT AND MFN STATUS. KILLION 04—LEXIS. “THE CONTROVERSY SURROUND…PEGGED TO THIS DAY.” CHINA CONSIDERS ITS OBLIGATIONS TO THE WTO AS THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF ITS BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ENGAGEMENTS—CHINA WILL COMPLY WITH THE WTO RULING. JIANGYU WANG IN 04—LEXIS. “AS A MEMBER…SO-CALLED “POPSITIVE LIST”). THE WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY IS CRITICAL TO SOLVING ALL TRADE DISPUTES—IT’S THE MOST JUDICIALIZED INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION AND HAS THE NECESSARY EXPERIENCE. KILLION 04—LEXIS. “THE CONTROVERSY SURROUND…PEGGED TO THIS DAY.” UCO BC @ Missouri State Contention One: Inherency While China has shown commitment for a small change, the 2.1% revaluation is not enough—this “small revolution” will only have a “negligible effect.” US FED News, 7/27/05.—Lexis. “two percent is nothing…not enough.” And, Bush and congress are appeased by the current revaluation and will not continue to pressure China. The Economist 6/25/05—Lexis. “Although the US could…Mr Hu.” Unless China continues to revaluate the yuan, protectionism will rise and trade tensions will intensify. Alan M. Field, 8/1/05. Lexis—“By agreeing to revlaue…tensions could intensify.” Contention Two: Harms. Advantage One: Trade Deficit The devaluation of the yuan is disastrous for the US and global economy due to the trade deficit. Business Times, 6/23/05. “Will China relent?...all other countries.” Even with Chinese ascension into the WTO, the trade deficit has not shrunk and will not unless China revalues. Killion 04—Lexis. “the controversy surround…pegged to this day.” Running up the trade deficit causes the US to be too reliant on foreign countries guaranteeing a painful economic crisis. The Nation, 5/10/04. “The US economy…too much borrowing.” And economic collapse leads to war. Bearden Advantage Two: Chinese overheat China’s economic growth will overheat soon. Only a yuan revaluation will cool the “red hot transition” without killing the economy. Weller, 2/5/04. Lexis—“Moreover, CHina is…if they continue.” An overheating Chinese economy will result in incredible oversupply and loan busts causing a hard landing with interest rates rising, killing the Chinese economy. Goldstein and Lardy, 9/12/03. Wall Street Journal Online. The result will dictate the fate of the global economy. BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific, 7/26/05—Lexis. “The decision of the…financial markets.” Advantage Three: Manufacturing An undervalued yuan destroys American manufacturing by making the cost of the final product cheaper than the raw materials. Federal News Service, 2005—lexis. “Carolina, was in my office…their words with actions.” US manufacturing is critical to economic growth—it generates new products, processes, well-paying jobs, increased productivity and competitive pricing. Commerce Department, 1/10/05.—Lexis. “US Manufacturing is…view and poorly understood.” Advantage Four: Trade If China does not float the yuan, the entire international trade system will be in shambles. Not revaluing destroys free trade. Asia Times, 5/27/05. “In short, within the past decade….relative to China.” And, protectionist retaliation will be taken if China ignores US and international cries for revaluation. FNS, 05—lexis. “And the larger issue…more disposable income.” Furthermore, floating the yuan is a tenet and essential to free trade. FNS 05—lexis. “I would disagree…thank you for being here.” Free trade prevents nuclear extinction—if economies are built on other nations we lose the incentive for war and hostility diminishes. Copley news Service, 12/1/99. “For decades, many children…hostility diminishes.” And, without free trade, China’s economic growth would halt and cause perpetual poverty on hundreds of millions. Griswold, 11/6/02, www.freetrade.org/pubs/speeches/dg-110602.htm And, the impacts of poverty are equivalent to an ongoing, systemic nuclear holocaust on the underclass. Abu-Jamal, 11/19/98. www.angelfire.com/az/catchphraze/mumiaswords.html Globalization contains escalation of regional conflicts, prevents economic coercion, causes win-win political competition, and causes overall economic growth. Yong Deng and Moore in 04—Lexis. “The rising trend…a case in point.” Thus the plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China, in the area of trade, by filing a complaint through the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body to resolve the Renminbi revaluation under Most Favored Nations Status and the Fair Currency Act of 2003. Any questions? Just ask. Contention Three: Solvency Use of the WTO Dispute Resolution Board will produce successful resolution to the value of the yuan and strengthen the world trade system. Killion 04—Lexis. “the controversy surround…pegged to this day.” Floating the yuan allows fair US competition and has no destabilizing effects of the economy. Giammona and Sperling in 05—Lexis. “The people’s Bank of China…China’s domestic economy.” The pegged yuan is a violation of WTO standards can be brought before the DSB under the Fair Currency Enforcement Act of 2003, Article IV of the IMF agreement and MFN Status. Killion 04—Lexis. “the controversy surround…pegged to this day.” China considers its obligations to the WTO as the most important aspect of its bilateral and multilateral engagements—China will comply with the WTO ruling. Jiangyu Wang in 04—Lexis. “as a member…so-called “popsitive list”). The WTO dispute settlement body is critical to solving all trade disputes—it’s the most judicialized international organization and has the necessary experience. Killion 04—Lexis. “the controversy surround…pegged to this day.” Central Oklahoma DS Aff Round 6 Shirley vs Team: Michigan JV Judge: Calum Matheson 1AC We as a debate community cannot ignore sexual discrimination Part 1: United States US history is strewn with oppression of womyn Mary Daly Feminist Scholar PhD in Philosophy Gynecology: The Meta- Ethics of Radical Feminism “Lest Westerners feel smugly distant” “comprehend their implications” Part 2: the PRC China has separate legacy of forced mutilation Daly 1993 “the Chinese ritual of foot binding” “educational television programs” Part 3: Sudan Sudan does female genital circumcision Daly 1993 “There are some manifestations” “expression, female circumcision” “fit into the wider aims” The aff is about remembering the past, this can transform society Martha Minnow 1998 Prof of Law at Harvard “ Vengeance and Forgiveness” page 119-120 “the alternation of forgetting” “both present and future” The resolution is just an impendence for discussion. Before we can discuss china we must evaluate sexual discrimination and oppression within ourselves and within our borders as a community. To create a better place for this dialogue to take place. Rules of debate distract us from agony and pain of people who are discriminated against. Daly 1993 “the fifth component of the syndrome” “death from complications” Central Oklahoma DS Aff Round #7 Shirley vs Team: Pitt HW Judge: Karla Leeper Plan Text 1ac w/ cites 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Framework – switch side - justifies saying racism good - zero accountability – say things don’t mean - critical thinking - increase ground - focus on the rules of debate – away from dominant systems - role playing causes tyranny Second Wave - ridiculous skew of feminism - would make men martyrs - perm: no reason why can’t do both - not rejecting all male perspective (kill all men doesn’t make sense) - the term fuck is particularly bad - gendered language is bad, mkay - Gender analysis doesn’t universalize men or women – it opens space for analysis Naila Kabeer 94 (MA in Gender and Development, Institute of Development Studies; Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought) - Must Examine people relative to one another – does not essentialize Rosi Braidotti et al, prof Women’s Studies; “Women, the Environment and Sustainable Development”) - Gender is not synonymous with sex. It is a social construction which must be continually examined and reexamined to challenge regimes of power. Jill Steans 98 (“Gender and International Relations”) - The ballot is crucial to causing change, without the judge’s support the attempt for non-gendered, non-sexist language will be stigmatized and devalued Susan Ehrlich, linguist and Ruth King, linguist (The Feminist Critique of Language) - Fuck kritik Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Central Oklahoma DS Round #3 Shirley vs Team: Emory GP Judge: Brian Bittner Plan Text 1ac w/ cites Same as round 1 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Kritik Don’t recognize complacency We are all complacent Human rights rhetoric inev No reason to reject aff Examine how we talk to china Gender power relationship is the blueprint for other biopower Don’t advocate universal human rights Don’t humiliate china – we all play role Don’t sanction Must speak out, all this must be discussed – daly 93 Separating from this ethic leads to gender vio – daly 93 Perm – reject all except for the plan Consult Japan Lead to ignoring problems in status quo If you don’t recognize complacency, you can’t solve Can’t present our 1ac Their solvency ev doesn’t say japan says yes plus assumes oxygen policy Won’t say yes Their definition of heg leads to violence – voting issue Attempts to prioritize violence before women – voting issue Straight turns japan say yes args Multiple worlds Kills aff ground Education Limits negative debate Predictable key to prevent judge intervention Security rhetoric bad – steins 98 Must include women to solve – Steins 98 Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Univ. Central Oklahoma DS Aff. Round #1 Shirley Classic Vs. George Mason MW Judged by: Steve D’Amico COU New Affirmative Female Gentile Mutilation History Affirmative thingy ding Our 1AC is the story of sexual oppression in three parts Part 1 The U.S. We performed cliterodectomies until 1948, this legacy consumers our forgien polict Mary Daly, Gynecology: the met ethics of radical feminism, 1993 Part 2: PRC Chinese feet wrapping and cliterodectomies—silence surrounds these issues. Mary Daly 1993 Part 3: Sudan Female Gentile Mutilation is bad, part of every day attrocites. Mary Daly 1993 The Aff is about remembering the past about bringing traumatic violence experienced by these communities to our community to remember. The treatment of the past transforms the future. Martha Minnow 1988 Vengence and Forgiveness, 199-120 So why talk about the resolution? It is a crucial point of reference. The resolution is impacted but the ethics we present. The resolution is the impetus for our affirmative discussion. Before we can talk about pressure we must examine sexual discrimination within our own borders. 2AC: Critques 2 with blieker, Shapiro, etc etc. UCO DS @ Missouri State Ob1 Bush doesn’t pay attention to Sudan Ingrid Tamm, Human Rights Quarterly, March 26, 2004, “Dangerous Appetities: Human Rights Activism and Conflict Commodities” Peace isn’t possible David Morse, “How oil drives genocide in Darfur, Aug 18 ,2005 Plan: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC in the area of human rights, by imposing capital market sanctions on the China National Petroleum Company and its subsidiaries for their financial involvement with the government of Sudan. Adv1. Civil War. CNPC funds civil war. David Blair “oil hungry china takes Sudan under its wing” 4-23-05 “A metallic maze..and energy ministry.” Civil war bad Omar Ismail, “The Crisis in Darfur: A new front in Sudan’s bloody war” 5-6-2004 Slave trade and female genital circumcision Women’s Rights Women’s Plights, 3-2-2003 Narrative Christian Solidarity Internationl, 10-3-2002 Narratives Solve Ellen Gruenbaum, 2000, pg. 203 Adv2. Invisibility. Basically we are sitting idly by again watching genocide. This is racist, militaristic, and irresponsible. Western worlds ignore Sudan David Morse “how oil drives genocide in Darfur” 8-18-05. Inaction over genocide bad Anthony Hall “genocide in Africa and the so called war on terror: the mounting crisis in the darfur region of sudan in light of the failure of intervention in rawanda” 4-6-04 Solvency. 2 cards same source. Eric Reeves “the bush administration to capital market sanctions against talisman energy” 12-20-00 Narratives good Bill Ashcrofg, Garett Griffiths and Hellen Tiffin, The Post Colonial Studies Reader, 1999 Round 3 cites K of Grammar Grammar Bad Julia Penelope, Speaking Freely:Unharning the lies of the Father’s Tongue, pg.sv-svi “Prescriptive grammaricians…such laws.” Challenge Western Domination Jerry Mander, In the Asbsence of the Sacred: The Failure of technology and the survival of the Indian Nations, pg. 191-3 “Millions of people…impart that message.” Narratives comes first Bill Ashcroft, Garrett Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin, The Post Colonial Studies Reader, 1995 “The disparaging….the aboriginines” “It is clearly…silencing by violence.” Central Oklahoma DS James Davis & Lindsey Shook @ GSU Plan: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC in the area of human rights, by imposing capital market sanctions on the China National Petroleum Company and its subsidiaries for their financial involvement with the government of Sudan. Adv1. Civil War. CNPC funds civil war. David Blair “oil hungry china takes Sudan under its wing” 4-23-05 Impacts are rape and female genital circumcision. We also read a narrative. Adv2. Invisibility. Basically we are sitting idly by again watching genocide. This is racist, militaristic, and irresponsible. 2 cards. David Morse “how oil drives genocide in Darfur” 8-18-05. Anthony Hall “genocide in Africa and the so called war on terror: the mounting crisis in the darfur region of sudan in light of the failure of intervention in rawanda” 4-6-04 Solvency. 2 cards same source. Eric Reeves “the bush administration to capital market sanctions against talisman energy” 12-20-00 Tricks: wipe out… UCO FS @ Missouri State Plan: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure in the area of human rights by placing trade sanctions on imports of sweatshop produced goods from the PRC in accordance with Section 301 of the 1974 Trade Union Act. Ob 1 Inh China denies workers the right to labor unions-forced into sweatshops Washington post, March 22, 2004, “Trade and Labor Rights” “the ethical basis…will be constructive.” US is the biggest contributor to exploitation of humyns- now is the time Robert A Senser, March 23, 1998, New Revelations:Even Kathie lee Gifford Disappoints, “Made in China” “China’s cruel…endure there.” Ob 2 Harms This form of exploitative labor is the modern day slavery Charles Kernaghan, May 1998, “Behind the Label: Made in China”, metrojustice.org “Major US retailers…no legal rights.” Sweatshops kill Tom Sandborn, Marking Sweatshops, 3-10-03, dooneyscafe.com/modules “Sweatshops kill…is the law.” Workers being dehumanized Interreligious Task Force on Central America, 9-6-2005, irtfcleveland.org/Links.htm “The national labor…of our time.” Dehum is the biggest impact David Berube, 97 Ob 3 US is not acting Jim Lobe, 98, Hartford-hwp.com/archives/55/273.html “US clothing and…said Kernaghan.” Strong Int’l law prevents conflicts Ratner, 2000, “Does int’l law matter in preventing ethnic conflict.” “The OSCE…through violence.” Ethnic conflicts very bad/kills millions UN Briefing Papers, 98, un.org/rights/HRToday “Today some of…of conflicts.” Failing to take a stance= war inevitable Michelle Maiese, 2003, beyondintractability.org/m/dehumanization.jsp “while deindividualization…former Yugoslavia.” Extinction is a matter of time Nobel Peace Laureates, 2005, gandhiking.com “The conflicts of the….for extinction.” Ob 4 S US can use unilat sanctions under Section 301 Ann McFeathers, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 3-17-2004, “”AFL-CIO targets China Labor Abuse” “The AFL-CIO yesterday….physical abuse.” Long term success Catherine E Dalpino, June 99, brook.edu/comm./policybriefs/pb50/htm “Human rights advocacy….Mission Program Plans.” Threat of sanctions empirically has solved Jon Hovi, Prof of Poli Sci at Univ of Oslo, 2004 “Drezner (2003) offers…rate was 52.63%. UCO HL @ Missouri State CNPC funds civil war. David Blair “oil hungry china takes Sudan under its wing” 4-23-05 “A metallic maze..and energy ministry.” America turns a blind eye to what’s going on in Sudan. Time for us to recognize this genocide David Morse, “How oil drives genocide in Darfur, Aug 18 ,2005 “No this war is…neighbors into chaos.” Essential to acknowledge violations against womyn because traditional HR disourse erases violence against womyn, ignoring the unique aspects of genocide that occurs against them Catherine MacKinnon, 1994, “Rape, genocide and women’s human rights” “Human rights have not bee…genocide through war.” The Janjaweed are engaged in policies of mass rape as genocide Stephanie Sackellares, 2005 “Twentieth Anniversary celebration: From Bosnia to Sudan: Sexual violence in modern armed conflict.” “Armed combat….consequence of civil war.” Horrors of mass rape Stephanie Sackellares, 2005 “Twentieth Anniversary celebration: From Bosnia to Sudan: Sexual violence in modern armed conflict.” “Women are raped….most cultures.” Plan: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC in the area of human rights, by imposing capital market sanctions on the China National Petroleum Company and its subsidiaries for their financial involvement with the government of Sudan. Capital market sanctions would delist them from US markets. This pressure forces China to work with Khantorum gov to stop civil war Eric Reeves, Dec 20, 2000, “The Bush Administration and Capital Market Sanctions against Talisman Energy”,WWW.SUDANREEVES.ORG/ “The Sudan Peace Act…clearly cannot afford.” Debate is about whether stopping genocide is worth ruffling economic feathers. Those who defend SQ find themselves in a morally incomprehensible position of nonaction in the face of genocide. Eric Reeves, Aug 20, 2001, “Capital Crime in Sudan”, WWW.SUDANREEVES.ORG/ “A long overdue….southern problem.” Inaction condemns millions to suffering and death. Anthony Hall “genocide in Africa and the so called war on terror: the mounting crisis in the darfur region of sudan in light of the failure of intervention in rawanda” 4-6-04 “Another terrible storm…weapons of mass destruction.” UCO HW @ Missouri State CNPC funds civil war. David Blair “oil hungry china takes Sudan under its wing” 4-23-05 “A metallic maze..and energy ministry.” America turns a blind eye to what’s going on in Sudan. Time for us to recognize this genocide David Morse, “How oil drives genocide in Darfur, Aug 18 ,2005 “No this war is…neighbors into chaos.” Essential to acknowledge violations against womyn because traditional HR disourse erases violence against womyn, ignoring the unique aspects of genocide that occurs against them Catherine MacKinnon, 1994, “Rape, genocide and women’s human rights” “Human rights have not bee…genocide through war.” The Janjaweed are engaged in policies of mass rape as genocide Stephanie Sackellares, 2005 “Twentieth Anniversary celebration: From Bosnia to Sudan: Sexual violence in modern armed conflict.” “Armed combat….consequence of civil war.” Horrors of mass rape Stephanie Sackellares, 2005 “Twentieth Anniversary celebration: From Bosnia to Sudan: Sexual violence in modern armed conflict.” “Women are raped….most cultures.” Plan: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC in the area of human rights, by imposing capital market sanctions on the China National Petroleum Company and its subsidiaries for their financial involvement with the government of Sudan. Capital market sanctions would delist them from US markets. This pressure forces China to work with Khantorum gov to stop civil war Eric Reeves, Dec 20, 2000, “The Bush Administration and Capital Market Sanctions against Talisman Energy”,WWW.SUDANREEVES.ORG/ “The Sudan Peace Act…clearly cannot afford.” Debate is about whether stopping genocide is worth ruffling economic feathers. Those who defend SQ find themselves in a morally incomprehensible position of nonaction in the face of genocide. Eric Reeves, Aug 20, 2001, “Capital Crime in Sudan”, WWW.SUDANREEVES.ORG/ “A long overdue….southern problem.” Inaction condemns millions to suffering and death. Anthony Hall “genocide in Africa and the so called war on terror: the mounting crisis in the darfur region of sudan in light of the failure of intervention in rawanda” 4-6-04 “Another terrible storm…weapons of mass destruction.” Clarion Clarion University AD (Ryan Adamiak & David Durney) @ Richmond PLAN TXT: The USFG should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the PRC to change its policy of repatriation of North Koreans. Specifically the US will diplomatically and economically pressure China to close repatriation and to allow humanitarian organizations to have access to these individuals. Economically the US will press China by boycotting the 2008 Olympic games in China unless China agrees to the mandates of the plan. Clarion DZ Aff Round # 5 Shirley vs Team: Vermont CH Judge: Bsunek Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites Weaver, A responsible rhetoric, how to evaluate discourse, Reading in Contemporary rhetoric Clarion DZ Round 3 Shirley Vs. team name: Wichita St. CS Judged by: Strauss Plan Text: Same 1AC w/ cites Same 2AC went for framework and answered T, they ignored the rest of the debate. The neg’s use of speed makes debate inaccessible and destroys diversity which is paramount. The critique is beyond lay person comprehension and even Zizek contends this can be silly. 1ar Strategy notes 2ar Strategy notes Clarion DZ Round # 1 Shirley Vs. team name: Boston College BC Judged by: Elisha Nix Plan Text: same 1AC w/ cites same Answers to North Korea (w/ key cites) 1.) Pressure inevitable. 2.) Cross apply diplomatic tradeoff from CP. Answers to ANWR (w/ key cites) 1.) Will pass now. 2.) Bush can’t overcome with PC. Answers to Engagement (w/ key cites) 1.) Must take a stand. 1AC Kim card. 2.) Diplomat tradeoff with north korea. 2AC tricks, add-ons— Public style framework. Slower debate good. Clarion DZ Pre Shirley Clarion DZ and HN Observation I – The status quo Thousands of North Koreans have fled their country and are hiding in China. These individuals are subject to a number of abuses within China, and are subject to repatriation if caught. Once they returned to North Korea, they are placed imprisoned, tortured, face possible execution, and more. Malinkowski, Washington Advocacy Director of Human Rights Watch, 2004 [Tom, Advancing human rights in North Korea, http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/02/usint7793_txt.htm] greatest change North Korea has experienced in the last decade Despite being knowledgable, the Bush administration is not acting to stop these actions. USA Today 5-12-05 [ln] Bush administration has not done enough to persuade China to help North Koreans Observation II: The gravity of the situation Although we think the above evidence sufficiently describes the horrors North Korean fleeing their brutal government face, we will provide more evidence of the abuses these individuals deal with on a daily basis. Subpoint A – Abuse within China The refugees have been stripped of all dignity and live like animals if they are to live at all. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] For the North Korean border-crossers in China Additionally, hundreds of thousands are vulnerable. Charney, Refugees International Vice President for Policy, 2005 [Joel, ACTS OF BETRAYAL: THE CHALLENGE OF PROTECTING NORTH KOREANS IN CHINA, April, http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/5631/] The exact number of North Korean migrants Of the female refugees, 50 to 90 percent are forced into sex trafficking. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] Over the years, field surveys conducted by human rights organizations Children have virtually no chance. Charney, Refugees International Vice President for Policy, 2005 [Joel, ACTS OF BETRAYAL: THE CHALLENGE OF PROTECTING NORTH KOREANS IN CHINA, April, http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/5631/] North Korean children are also vulnerable Furthermore, many refugees are simply murdered upon reaching the border. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] Regarding the repatriations, we know of incidents And, Humanitarian workers seeking to assist the refugees are also abused and subject to rights violations. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] In addition to repatriating North Koreans, China penalizes Subpoint B – Abuses within North Korea When the individuals are caught the abuse intensifies as they are repatriated back to North Korea. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] When they are captured by local security agents or members of the secret police Simply put, these are concentration camps. Plate, UCLA Communication and Policy Studies Professor and member of the Pacific Council on International Policy, 8-19-05 [Tom, Seattle Times, http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/PrintStory.pl?document_id=2002444932&zsection_id=268883724&slug=plate19&date=20050819] And so, as declared policy, Beijing regards these Prisoners are given no medical care. This means death becomes a certainty. Charney, Refugees International Vice President for Policy, 2005 [Joel, ACTS OF BETRAYAL: THE CHALLENGE OF PROTECTING NORTH KOREANS IN CHINA, April, http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/5631/] One consistent aspect of RI’s interviews And, in case you forgot the first card of the 1AC: if a pregnant woman is repatriated, forced abortions and infanticide are the norm. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] We know that pregnant women who are repatriated The secrecy of the North Korean regime magnifies the need to take action. Even though we know there are unspeakable crimes being committed against the refugees, odds are things are even worse than we know. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] Rescuing the North Korean escapees is unquestionably Therefore the plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China to change its policy of repatriation of North Koreans. Specifically, the US will diplomatically press China to cease repatriation and to allow humanitarian organizations to have access to these individuals. Economically the US will press China by agreeing to boycott the 2008 Olympic Games in China and push for relocation of those games before the International Olympic Committee, unless China agrees to the terms of the plan. You got questions, ask. Observation III – Solvency Only pressure can resolve the refugee situation and change Chinese behavior Kim, political activist, 2004 [Sang Hun, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] Today, there are at least five humanitarian workers, US pressure on China to cease repatriation solves, two ways. First, it destroys Kim’s credibility internationally which spurs change. Second, even if China rejects the plan initially, North Korea would fear sustained pressure might work and change their behavior. Stevens et al, National Institute for Public Policy, 2003 [Terry C., Comparative Strategy, December, ebsco] Use the DPRK’s Refugee Issue to Focus International Condemnation The mechanisms of the plan solve. While China ignores moral pressure alone, economic pressure produces a response. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] In conclusion, I feel we must apply worldwide pressure The threat of an Olympic boycott is critical in motivating China to change its refugee policy. Peters, FOUNDER AND DIRECTOR of HELPING HANDS/KOREA, 2004 [Timothy A., FDCH Congressional Testimony, 4-28, lexis] With Beijing in full stride in its preparations Additionally, the current policy of quiet diplomacy has failed. We must up the pressure diplomatically. Charney, Refugees International Vice President for Policy, 2004 [Joel, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] On the other hand, quiet diplomacy has utterly failed Additionally, solving for the refugees will lead to an improvement in treatment of the North Korean population by the government. Knowledge of a viable alternative to staying in North Korea will for Kim Jong-Il to change. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] Welcoming these escapees from North Korea will also create direct and acute Observation IV: Impact calculus Toleration of the evil of the North Korean regime must be rejected, we must begin by helping the escapees. Toleration is complicity. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] There is a dark and uncomfortable realm We must reject evil. Anything less makes us an instrument of evil. Yen, Columbia International Affairs graduate, and Zhang, Mason Fellow at Harvard, 9-15-05 [Kaishin & Erping, The Epoch Times, http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-9-15/32329.html] There is a third kind of [person] that Drucker mentions Failure to challenge the Chinese policy of silence justifies current atrocities and paves the way for Hitlers and Stalins of the future. Kim, political activist, 2004 [Sang Hun, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] By its years of stony silence and uninterrupted Next, Toleration of evil in the name of survival destroys the value of life. Callahan, Institute of Society and Ethics, 1973 (Daniel, The Tyranny of Survival, p.91-93) The value of survival could not be so readily abused Additionally, decision makers are not responsible for the actions of another intervening agent. This means you should ignore the disadvantages. Gewirth (University of Chicago) ’82 (Alan, 1982, Human rights: essays on justification and applications, University of Chigcago press, pp. 229) The required supplement is provided by the principle And, you should evaluate the desirability of the plan without assessing the agent – if it’s good to act for one nation then it should be good to act for all Samantha Power, Brown Journal of World Affairs, Summer-Fall 2k5, p. 14-5 Graduation address at Georgetown Finally, policymakers cannot take into account improbable worst case scenarios like the disads - worst case scenarios do not prove the undesirability of the plan Nicholas Rescher, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Risk: A Philosophical Introduction to the Theory of Risk Evaluation and Management, 1983, p. 50 (Pdebateunjuly15) The "worst possible case fixation" is one of the most damaging Clarion University GN (Kelly Goodrich & Jamie Nicholson) @ Richmond RND 1 Boycott Olympics, NK refugees torture affirmative Emory GD Aff- Sanction China for proliferation Economic pressure failing Rodman 2005 Chinese proliferation is increasing X D’amato and Robinson 2005 Only more pressure has a chance at chaning X Sledge 2000 Nuclear exchange will be frequent X Utgoff 2002 Existing sanctions lack teeth xMilhollin 2005 US pressure can influence china prolif. X Byman and Cliff 1999 Clarion HN Aff Round 6 Shirley vs Team: LACC MM Judge: Nate Dunn Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites same 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Case solves Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Clarion HN Aff Round #2 Shirley vs Team: Liberty CK Judge: Donny Peters (Wayne State) Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites Same, but new framework 1) Policymaking good – various arguments (Aff choice, aff ground, effective judgment, fiat key to debate) 2) “We believe the role of the judge is to adjudicate the round as a member of the public, meaning that argumentative success should be based on public debate style presentation. In order to make an effective argument teams must utilize the method established by Aristotle of ethos, pathos, and logos; Ethos meaning character based appeals, pathos meaning emotional based appeals, and logos meaning logic-based appeals.” 3) Public style of debate good – the University of Louisville has voiced several intriguing questions bout the nature of this activity… these need to be answered.” (Has to do with trained vs. untrained judges and whether then can adjudicate public style debates) *They also read this framework on the Neg. 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Politics Non-Unique: will pass India agreement (The Economist, 05) Couple of no-links Politics bad – the public doesn’t buy it. Quiet Diplomacy Counterplan -Running a dispo CP is not a clear stance against human rights abuses. Answers To Major Case Args -Deontology (Callahan, Gewirth – not responsible for intervening actors) 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Clarion HN Pre Shirley Clarion DZ and HN Observation I – The status quo Thousands of North Koreans have fled their country and are hiding in China. These individuals are subject to a number of abuses within China, and are subject to repatriation if caught. Once they returned to North Korea, they are placed imprisoned, tortured, face possible execution, and more. Malinkowski, Washington Advocacy Director of Human Rights Watch, 2004 [Tom, Advancing human rights in North Korea, http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/02/usint7793_txt.htm] greatest change North Korea has experienced in the last decade Despite being knowledgable, the Bush administration is not acting to stop these actions. USA Today 5-12-05 [ln] Bush administration has not done enough to persuade China to help North Koreans Observation II: The gravity of the situation Although we think the above evidence sufficiently describes the horrors North Korean fleeing their brutal government face, we will provide more evidence of the abuses these individuals deal with on a daily basis. Subpoint A – Abuse within China The refugees have been stripped of all dignity and live like animals if they are to live at all. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] For the North Korean border-crossers in China Additionally, hundreds of thousands are vulnerable. Charney, Refugees International Vice President for Policy, 2005 [Joel, ACTS OF BETRAYAL: THE CHALLENGE OF PROTECTING NORTH KOREANS IN CHINA, April, http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/5631/] The exact number of North Korean migrants Of the female refugees, 50 to 90 percent are forced into sex trafficking. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] Over the years, field surveys conducted by human rights organizations Children have virtually no chance. Charney, Refugees International Vice President for Policy, 2005 [Joel, ACTS OF BETRAYAL: THE CHALLENGE OF PROTECTING NORTH KOREANS IN CHINA, April, http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/5631/] North Korean children are also vulnerable Furthermore, many refugees are simply murdered upon reaching the border. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] Regarding the repatriations, we know of incidents And, Humanitarian workers seeking to assist the refugees are also abused and subject to rights violations. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] In addition to repatriating North Koreans, China penalizes Subpoint B – Abuses within North Korea When the individuals are caught the abuse intensifies as they are repatriated back to North Korea. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] When they are captured by local security agents or members of the secret police Simply put, these are concentration camps. Plate, UCLA Communication and Policy Studies Professor and member of the Pacific Council on International Policy, 8-19-05 [Tom, Seattle Times, http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/PrintStory.pl?document_id=2002444932&zsection_id=268883724&slug=plate19&date=20050819] And so, as declared policy, Beijing regards these Prisoners are given no medical care. This means death becomes a certainty. Charney, Refugees International Vice President for Policy, 2005 [Joel, ACTS OF BETRAYAL: THE CHALLENGE OF PROTECTING NORTH KOREANS IN CHINA, April, http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/5631/] One consistent aspect of RI’s interviews And, in case you forgot the first card of the 1AC: if a pregnant woman is repatriated, forced abortions and infanticide are the norm. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] We know that pregnant women who are repatriated The secrecy of the North Korean regime magnifies the need to take action. Even though we know there are unspeakable crimes being committed against the refugees, odds are things are even worse than we know. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] Rescuing the North Korean escapees is unquestionably Therefore the plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China to change its policy of repatriation of North Koreans. Specifically, the US will diplomatically press China to cease repatriation and to allow humanitarian organizations to have access to these individuals. Economically the US will press China by agreeing to boycott the 2008 Olympic Games in China and push for relocation of those games before the International Olympic Committee, unless China agrees to the terms of the plan. You got questions, ask. Observation III – Solvency Only pressure can resolve the refugee situation and change Chinese behavior Kim, political activist, 2004 [Sang Hun, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] Today, there are at least five humanitarian workers, US pressure on China to cease repatriation solves, two ways. First, it destroys Kim’s credibility internationally which spurs change. Second, even if China rejects the plan initially, North Korea would fear sustained pressure might work and change their behavior. Stevens et al, National Institute for Public Policy, 2003 [Terry C., Comparative Strategy, December, ebsco] Use the DPRK’s Refugee Issue to Focus International Condemnation The mechanisms of the plan solve. While China ignores moral pressure alone, economic pressure produces a response. Scholte, Defense Forum Foundation President and U.S. partner of the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human Rights, 2004 [Suzanne, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] In conclusion, I feel we must apply worldwide pressure The threat of an Olympic boycott is critical in motivating China to change its refugee policy. Peters, FOUNDER AND DIRECTOR of HELPING HANDS/KOREA, 2004 [Timothy A., FDCH Congressional Testimony, 4-28, lexis] With Beijing in full stride in its preparations Additionally, the current policy of quiet diplomacy has failed. We must up the pressure diplomatically. Charney, Refugees International Vice President for Policy, 2004 [Joel, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] On the other hand, quiet diplomacy has utterly failed Additionally, solving for the refugees will lead to an improvement in treatment of the North Korean population by the government. Knowledge of a viable alternative to staying in North Korea will for Kim Jong-Il to change. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] Welcoming these escapees from North Korea will also create direct and acute Observation IV: Impact calculus Toleration of the evil of the North Korean regime must be rejected, we must begin by helping the escapees. Toleration is complicity. Eberstadt, American Enterprise Institute Scholar in Political Economy, 8-3-05 [Nicholas, “Bring Them Home,” http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22949/pub_detail.asp] There is a dark and uncomfortable realm We must reject evil. Anything less makes us an instrument of evil. Yen, Columbia International Affairs graduate, and Zhang, Mason Fellow at Harvard, 9-15-05 [Kaishin & Erping, The Epoch Times, http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-9-15/32329.html] There is a third kind of [person] that Drucker mentions Failure to challenge the Chinese policy of silence justifies current atrocities and paves the way for Hitlers and Stalins of the future. Kim, political activist, 2004 [Sang Hun, Roundtable: Plight of the North Koreans in China, April 19, http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_house_hearings&docid=f:93682.wais] By its years of stony silence and uninterrupted Next, Toleration of evil in the name of survival destroys the value of life. Callahan, Institute of Society and Ethics, 1973 (Daniel, The Tyranny of Survival, p.91-93) The value of survival could not be so readily abused Additionally, decision makers are not responsible for the actions of another intervening agent. This means you should ignore the disadvantages. Gewirth (University of Chicago) ’82 (Alan, 1982, Human rights: essays on justification and applications, University of Chigcago press, pp. 229) The required supplement is provided by the principle And, you should evaluate the desirability of the plan without assessing the agent – if it’s good to act for one nation then it should be good to act for all Samantha Power, Brown Journal of World Affairs, Summer-Fall 2k5, p. 14-5 Graduation address at Georgetown Finally, policymakers cannot take into account improbable worst case scenarios like the disads - worst case scenarios do not prove the undesirability of the plan Nicholas Rescher, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Risk: A Philosophical Introduction to the Theory of Risk Evaluation and Management, 1983, p. 50 (Pdebateunjuly15) The "worst possible case fixation" is one of the most damaging Concordia Concordia ES Round # 8 Shirley Vs. team name: Gonzaga DW Judged by: ? Plan Text: Same 1AC w/ cites: Same 2AC CASE EXTENSION: Biopower makes MPX inevitable. We must use the plan as a catalyst to understand power relations. Looking at sources of power in this way is the only hope for solving. Dreyfus and Rabinow ’82 (Hubert, Ph.D. Pilosophy and Paul Prof of Anythropology Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Ps. 211) “I wild like to suggest another way…. Dissociate these relations.” Don’t need to solve the case. Realism inevitable takes out the K. At China won’t back down— SQ bow to us in the WTO China won’t risk economy—won’t even have to sanction Answers to Dollar Disad (w/ key cites) 1.)Bush is pressuring China on trade and human rights Forbes Nov 10, 2k5 AFX news LIMITED “Bush to Press China on Economy right] “US president Bush will push… adviser Stephen Hadley.” 2.) Empirically denied—Asian banks already selling dollars. Business Week Online Dec. 13, 2k4 http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_50/b3912067.htm “Look down closely at US data…. Montreal-Based BCA research.” 3.) China is already diversifying away from the dollar. Business Week 2k4 (cited above) “China has been quietly diversifying… US treasury market.” 4.) No risk of dollar dump: Would hurt their economy too much. Business Week, cite above “There are other reasons Asian… happen anytime soon.” 5.) WTO would lock in market reforms [x] 2k4 6.) Destroys economy, we solve fairness and free trade Killion 2k4 Answers to Nationalism Disad (w/ key cites) 1.) No propensity—natlism is high now. 2.) Pressure now mean empirically denied 3.) Pressure on IPR now Forbes Nov 3, 2k4 4.) Status quo 5.) Appeasing the public with political reforms is key to stability. Shambaugh 2k2 [Nonresident Senior Fellow, FoPo Studies “Will the Party Lose China? NY Times http://www.brookings.edu/views/op-ed/shambaugh/20021107.htm] “Aside from propagandistic clichés… will only continue to decline.” 6.) Cross apply Killion that China wants to engage 7.) Nationalism brings stability. Jae-Ho 2k3. cite below 8.) Nationalism doesn’t manifest itself over trade Jae-Ho 2k3 cite below “First of all, there may be significant… by the outside world.” 9.) Plan helps liberal nationalists combat the government Suisheng Zhao 2k4 Assoc Pro U of Denver Federal News Service December 7 “Liberal nationalism was introduced… on the domestic front.” 10.) Pragmatic nationalists will prevent bad things Zhao 2k4, cite above “Internationally, the rise of Chinese… offensive or aggressive.” 11.) Reason why to not do the counterplan… 12.) Nationalism directed at Japan not US Jae-Ho 2k3 Nov. 12 Assoc Prof in Seoul Nat Univ Dept of IR, “Democracy Nationalism and Sceurity in the Asia Pacific” Center for NE Asian Policy Studies, Brookings, http://www.brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/taipei20031112c.pdf “In contrast, I think… vis-a-vis Japan.” Answers to China Rhetoric Kritik (w/ key cites) We don’t paint China as bad. Answers to EU Counterplan (w/ key cites) 1.) Perm--Do both 2.) Their solvency doesn’t say EU will pressure. 3.) This links to the K 4.) Don’t get ethical framework—justify framework with disads. 5.) US key [x] 6.) Our solvency evidence is better than their card which talks about textiles. Answers to Topicality Threat not T (w/ key cites) 1.) On -face complaint mechanism with dispute settlement 2.) Threat is pressure Davis ‘97 3.) WTO complaints US can legally Morskey ‘97 4.) Clear link? Davis ‘97 5.) Lit checks abuse—Contextual evidence that says it is, they don’t say that it’s not. 6.) Potential abuse is a bad standard, jurisdiction is arbitrary. Answers to Topicality And (w/ key cites) 1.) Just both kinds of pressure. 2.) WTO is both—c/a AAI 3 3.) Agreement 2k3 4.) Lit check, above. 1ar Strategy notes 2ar Strategy notes Concordia ES Aff Round 5 Shirley vs Team: Gonzaga DW Judge: Matheson Plan Text No plan 1ac w/ cites Tibetan scholarship is currently dominated by discourses of the state. This creates nationalist narratives that make it difficult for the Tibetan people, the subaltern, to have a voice of their own. Moving to subaltern scholarship can resist the domination of these state-sponsored discourses and open space for discussion of the people of Tibet. Hansen 2001 (Peter H., The Tibet Journal, “Why is there no Subaltern Studies for Tibet?” Winter 2003, v. 28, no. 4) This nationalist discourse is a part of a colonialist project that maps identity and culture onto populations in a form of insidious domination. The nation if part of the discourse of colonialism, and therefore must be analyzed. We are within the nation, we are part of the atrocities of the United States. However, despite the appearance of assistance or benign action, these discourses are destroying the right of people to speak or be recognized. Dirlik 2002 (Arif, Interventions, v. 4, no. 3) Additionally, this discursive frame proliferates in the historical analysis of the Lhasa uprising of 1959, a rebellion against corruption of the Tibetan elite. The analysis of this resistance by the Tibetan population fails to recognize the consciousness of the resisters and instead posit the people of Tibet as a natural, unaware force without agency or historical importance. Breaking down these dominant discourses makes subaltern scholarship in relation to Tibet possible. Hansen 01 Thus, because of these skewed attempts to create identity, history, culture, people, lives, existences, we stand… Resolved: That the United States Federal government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in the area of human rights. This year’s resolution takes on a constellation of meanings when read and spoken. It is a piece of language, one that is traditionally imbued with specific meanings and references in relation to policies. We however, choose to take a different approach. The resolution can mean different things to different people, and does not necessarily mean that we should act as the monolithic idea of the United States Federal Government pressuring the actual state of the People’s Republic of China. Instead, we realize that there are alternative interpretations of the signs in the resolution. We take a semiotic approach, and in favor of subaltern, realize that we must say “United States,” must say, “the People’s Republic of China” but do not endorse these institutions. They are simply the operative terms of a postcolonial world. We accept that, and take a different meaning from the resolution. We as people, part of something called the United States, wish to pressure through economic and diplomatic scholarship the nationalist discourses that exist in the status quo in the area of human rights.: the rights of humans to be heard, to speak, to be recognized not as a Tibetan, or Chinese, but as subalterns, resisters, and conscious actors in the world. We have the possibility to have an interaction with the semiotics of the resolution in order to assign it alternative meanings other than the universal, state-centric interpretation that affirmation typically requires. The resolution can be an alternative point of power and discursive enactment that is full of political meaning and significance. We speak the resolution in a different way, recognizing interactions between dominant discourse and dominated discourse. Shapiro 2004 (Michael J., Methods and Nations, p.17-19) And, this new meaning is blasphemy! They may say we are destroying language, the resolution, and debate, but that is not our aim. We aim towards affirming the resolution through our scholarship. Our misinterpretation of the resolution is outside the traditional and monolithic definition of what it means to affirm, opening a space for discursive contestation of the current discussions and realizing that there are alternative possibilities for interpretation of the resolution, debate, and dominant discourses. Bhabha 1994 (Homi, The Location of Culture, p.224-226) Additionally, the glossing over of history can be effectively challenged. Our postcolonial project of affirming the subaltern in Tibet recovers the consciousness of these people in history and subverts the dominant memories of colonialism. Sylvester 1999 (Christine, Third World Quarterly, v. 20 no. 4, p.703) This disruption of dominant memories and representations is uniquely valuable. It allows us to focus on the heterogeneity of the subaltern and take a “borderlands” approach to identity, the borderlands of identity that we all live on. Tim and I live on the borderlands between white, heterosexual privilege, and the personal struggle we go through in addressing that privilege in the personal advocacies we have. While wrapped up in colonialism, we both desire its disruption. By using our linguistic affirmation of the resolution to support the subaltern and reject nationalist and orientalist attempts to construct an idea of Tibet, we recognize intersections of culture and identity that are critical to depictions of difference and our understanding of our own positions in relation to postcoloniality. McLoughlin 1999 (Moira, Museums and the Representations of Native Canadians, p.237-238) Concordia ES Aff Round 2 Shirley vs Fort Hays CR Judge: Ellis Same aff New card from Hansen that describes the Chasa uprising from same Hansen article. Concordia ES @ UNI Increase diplomatic and economic pressure on PRC in area of Human rights Resolution can be an alternative point of power and discursive enactment full of political meaning and significance. We speak the resolution in a different way, recognizing interactions between dominant discourse and dominated discourse Shapiro 2004 “methods and nations” p. 17-19 Our misinterpretation of the resolution is outside traditional norms opening space of discursive contestation – Bhabha 94 Post-colonial project of contestation Concordia FF UMKC FR Odkirk Round 4 Shirley language event affirmative Marshall McLuhan was said to have once quipped: “I’m not sure who discovered water, but I’m pretty sure it wasn’t the fish.” Like the fish in water, we too are always already immersed in something. That something is language. Language is not a tool that we can pick up and put down as we wish. As such, object descriptions of language falter. John Stewart writes in 1995 p 126 (its from language as articulate contact in chapter four, it is an amazing chapter thusly, I would say read it.) AT this point we make a meta theoretical argument about the nature of resolutions. Status quo understandings of the relationship between the United States and China are a result of particular social constructions, not of some external objective reality. The social construction of an adversarial relationship has a multiplicity of practical consequences. Chengxin Pan writes in 2004 p 306-7 (from the alternatives article) Pressure exists between the United States and China in their intersubjecive relationship in as much as it exists here and now in the meaning created between the individuals here in this room. This resolution can be a place to come to new agreements about meaning and transform communications currently understood only as attempt to manipulate and coerce. The event of the resolution is an alternative mode of finding community that is distinct from the practices of the status quo. We thus affirm this years resolution for debate as we experience it through a model of language as articulate contact: Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People's Republic of China in one or more of the following areas: trade, human rights, weapons nonproliferation, Taiwan. Reconstructing the Sino-American relationship through terms of individual agency is the essential step in transforming the end results of existing politics. Peter Hayes Gries describes in 2005 p 257 Reformulation of model of communication avoids the conduit metaphor and accepts the possibility of meeting the other in dialog, transforming international relations. Marc Lynch writes in 2002. p 203-4 Some key extensions: We read wide swaths of literature from Vine Deloria bits from these pages (135,138-9, 139, 101) and Roland Bleiker 280; Walter Mignolo I think its in “from the other scene.” 2000 p. 68-71 Concordia FF Round #1 Shirley vs Team: Catholic KH Judge: Omar Guevara Plan Text Same as disclosed- Demand for strategic reversibility. Vote for transformative (i.e. “better”) communication scholarship. Who provides better ethical communication strategy 1ac w/ cites As disclosed Concordia FF Pre Shirley This is our affirmative as of Harvard… Contention 1: the ethos of purity We begin by noting that our times are configured by the vision of the end of the world, an apocalypse brought on by particular villainous subjects. This process of finding villains justifies infinite violence in the name of preventing this outcome. People with AIDS, particularly individuals who are not heterosexual, are identified as the villain to be vanquished. The economy of imaginary violence becomes actual violence. Simon Watney Lecturer in Communications at University of Central London, “Practices of Freedom” 1994 p 50 Second, The solution to the problem of the deviant is conversion. The metaphorical framing of HIV used by the Bush administration makes care about ideological purity. This is missionary imperialism. Esther Kaplan is the author of With God on Their Side The Nation; 12/20/04 Lexis Third, this metaphor of purification does little for people with AIDS. People with AIDS are marginalized in China; the government feels that AIDS is a dirty little secret. Norman Kutcher, Associate Professor of History, Syracuse University, Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, Summer, 2003, 30 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 271 Read Beth Shapiro Evidence. Beth Shapiro www.365gay.com/05/06/061505china.htm Finally, this attempt to write a pure space where sexual deviancy does not exist will always result in a universal omnicide. Eve Kofosky Sedgwick professor at Duke, “epistemology of the closet” 1990 p 127-129 Advocacy statement currently reads: We demand that the United Stats federal government condition bilateral and multilateral assistance related to the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to the PRC on a commitment to eliminate regulations preventing the formation and government support of AIDS related NGO’s in the peoples republic of China. *Condition means to cut of or end all. Contention 2: the ballot We are not naïve enough to believe that our language here can function as a protest upon the Whitehouse lawn, however our discourse matters. Our affirmative aligns our rhetoric with broader moves toward an inclusive community and scholarship that debunks the status quo. Effective scholarship about activism can transform our understanding how of how state systems are constituted. First, Demands on the state are effective. David Campbell professor at a school in England, “Writing Security” 1992 Second, The affirmative demand is a stand in for a broader ethical call for an inclusive community. This new view of community can transcend the apocalyptic representations. Peter Coviello professor of English at Bowdoin and generally really cool guy, “Intimacy in America.” 2005 p. 171-2 Third, the policy we demand would be significantly more effective then the status quo. Wan Yanhai 2002; Dr. Bates Gill; Chair China Studies @ CSIS, China’s HIV/AIDS Crisis: Implications for Human Rights, the Rule of Law and U.S.-China Relations; 9/9/2002 http://www.csis.org/hill/ts020909gill.pdf I think, as the leading country of the world, US Congress and US Administration should take responsibilities for improving the lives of HIV/AIDS sufferers in China. But how to influence Chinese policies and attitudes is not an easy question. In one hand, US could work with our government, in another hand, your Congress and government should support those who are working in the grassroot communities. For preventing discrimination against HIV/AIDS sufferers in China, and promoting grassroot organizations, funding for research, education and community activities is important. People are now willing to organize and help themselves, but they lack resources. It is very important to set up a fund for NGOs or CBOs in the bilateral cooperation. Fouth, The multiplicity of rhetorical strategies condenses into a strategic praxis for effective political struggles. Representations can be deployed to create a new ethical community. Dellamora “Apocalyptic overtures” 1994 p 13-14 Fifth, the ballot should serve to endorse better scholarship. View the debate as a communications scholar. Absent analysis of communication no project can succeed. Scholarship should not held hostage to elite interests. Robert W. McChesney communications at Wisconsin. 1996 http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol1/issue4/mcchesney.html Sixth, the affirmative is a site of strategic reversibility. Demanding better treatment for people with AIDS can transform power relations. Sean Cahill National Gay and Lesbian Task force in 1999 “Language struggles in gay rights controversies” http://humanities.uchicago.edu/orgs/cgs/papers/cahill.doc. We should embrace unconditional world of openness. Fasching “the ethical challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima” p. 30 1993 Our ethical and political action is undecidable. We affirm it a a part of our ethical obligation to an unfinished world of open-ness. Simply stepping outside of the system is doomed to failure. Undeideable politics has unique transgressive possibilities as it opens the system to critique while simultaneously engaging it. Saul Newman, Macquaire Sociology Lecturer, 2003 philosophy and social criticism 27:3 We should collaese critical approaches with ethical and political questions. Political unavoidable such as decisions can be used as an opening for new modes of thought. Derrida 2002. Negotiations p. 309-311 Concordia FF 1AC @ UNI China opposes now? Blocks websites. How does US funding put pressure on China. Form of leverage of China.Shaprio ev. Beaten in prison because threat to the toursim industry pressures on govt who allowed bllood selling schemes find comprehensive ed at NGO level moral obligation to the other? Unfinished world of openness. Bush administration makes that judgment now How does giving funding solve? I. IDEOLOGICAL PURITY First, the US has refused to assist international efforts for comprehensive sex education because of ideological politics of the Bush Administration that sacrifice program effectiveness. Hunter, Daily Badger, 03-10-05 faith-based program political legitimation commitment to ideological rigor over science (Lexis) Bush Admin goes further, preventing funding distibution to groups that are ambiguous about sex workers, alienating victims and furthering the spread of the disease Dhar 05/27/05 Penny Saunders Network of Sex Work Projects www.ipsnews.net/news/asp?idnews=28848 programs in SQ are missionary imperialism front Kaplan 04 Nation 12/20/04 "vivid display" unilateralism corporatism The USFG should provide Funding as requested to NGOs operating in the PRC tha tprovide comprehensive sex education. The USFG will diplomatically request that the PRC discontinue harassment of persons involved in NGOs providing comprehensive sex education. Intent II PERSONS WITH AIDS Migrant sex worders are the key risk group, moving throughout the country impossible to track as they are completely outside of the existing social safety net Gill 02 www.csis.org/hill/ts020909gill.pdf other sexual partners HIV/AIDS Frost 10/20/03 CECC Haering "well-tolerated" "side effects" program dropouts lead to drug resistance widespread development these mutations are untreatable Gill 04 Hearing before Subcom on Aisa nd the Pacific, HIV/AIDS in Asia 7/21/04 "substandard quality" grassroots ortganizaations hampered by homophobia. Threat to economic wellbeing Shapiro 05 www/365gay.com/newscon05/06/061505china.htm beatrings that Chinese govt 1000s affected by HIV. Antiobescenity 100,000 children alone Sara Davis "human rights watch" US leadership key to preventing crisis Cravero 04 HIV/AIDS in Asia mounting an effective global response concerted action explosion of HIV on the continent tipping point US and other key doners US long and productive relationship III Organization competency Grassroots orgs exist and are able to significantly abate discrimination and disease. The US should provide resources for NGOs in China. The spirit is willing, the pocket book is weak Wan Yanhai www.csis.org/hill/ts020909gill.pdf 02 HIV AIDS Chinese politics preventing discrimination activities lack resources US support for comp sex ed NGOs is effective Cravero in HIV/AIDS in Asia hearing 7/21/05 04 necessary leadership and resources nearly 100,000 per year success in China will spur programs in Russia and India Gill Morrison and Thompson 04 "Defusing China's Time Bomb" Reports of the CSIS delegation to China, 4-18-04 CSIS Website, p. 6 historic opportunity. Innovative US policies and support to China on HIV/AIDS will contribute significantly to the formulation of a "Second Wave" strategy generalized epidemic our ethical and political action is undecidable. We affirm it as part of our ethical obligation to an unfinished world of open-ness. Simply stepping entirely outside the system is doomed to failure . Undecidable politics has unique transgressive possibilities as is opens the system to critique while simultaneously engaging it. Newman 03 Philosophy and Social Criticism, 27:3 deconstruction outside is complex and surprising. Absolute transgression. Cancel itself out. Exclude its other. Thoroughly ethical gesture. Ethics of alterity We should coalesce political approaches with ethical and political questions. Political decisions are unavoidable, such decisions can be used as an opening for new modes of thought Derrida, NEGOTIATIONS 02 pp. 309-311 political and ethical moment at which one can act. Space of decision irreducible being with other opening ethical and the political NGOs bring wider political and social chagne to China Nieburg, Tstiony before CECC 10/20/03 health workers, teachers, parents, and as many others as possible goal will be decision-making strong emphasis on increasing HIV awareness NGOs develop civil society in China Gill 04 HIV/AIDS in Asia 7/21/04need to work more civil society in China funding and political encouragement. As well as drug users regional efforts are most important Cravero 04 HIV/AIDS in Asia 7/21/04 religious organizations, regional AIDS efforts strong ties to Asia AIDS effort multiministerial level strengthen poltiical and civil society. Beyond the national governments to a broad, multicultural response Cornell Cornell CM @ Buffalo Clayton, CSM, 5-26-05 (LN): Story of the battle in Central Park "nation's list of most wanted bugs." Plan: The affirmative advocates the following plan that will replace any and all competing status quo policies. The United States Federal Government will increase diplomatic and economic pressure on The Peoples Republic of China by sending the US Trade Representative to inform the Chinese government that the United States Federal Government will no longer permit importation of solid wood packaging materials or pallets in new trade shipments. The US Trade Representative will inform the Peoples Republic of China that the United States Federal Government will offer the Chinese government the option to continue trade that utilizes packing materials and pallets that consist of manufactured wood, metal, or plastic materials. Funding and enforcement are guaranteed. The affirmative reserves the right to clarify, and affirmative speeches will serve as legislative history. CONTENTION ONE: The asian longhorned beetle is a threat. SUBPOINT A: These bugs from China are invading US. Economist, 9-19-98 (LN): hard to trap or kill "hitches its way to America on wooden pallets & crates" from China SUBPOINT B: Destructive effect could be devastating. Bodzin, LAT, in ITHACA JOURNAL, 8-15-05 "could devastate North American hardwood forests" Clayton, CSM, 5-26-05: "biggest economic and environmental disaster to hit" CONTENTION TWO: INHERENCY SUBPOINT A: New Bush Policy mandates ineffective pallet treatment Bodzin, LAT, 8-14-05: methyl bromide doesn't kill all the bugs, and destroys ozone SUBPOINT B: Bush plan is an economic-motivated, political payoff Scherer, theocracywatch.org, 8-20-03: "industry well connected..looking for multi-million dollar favors" CONTENTION THREE: SOLVENCY Bodzin, LAT, 8-14-05 "100% effective method for keeping out" Scherer, 8-20-03 "One surefire approach" Bodzin, 8-14-05 : "pallets & crates will be stamped with a...logo certifying...There's a problem with counterfeiting..." ADVANTAGE ONE: Prevent destruction of US forests US Fed News, 9-16-04 (LN) "may soon spread to the entire northeast...has killed billions of trees in China" Liskey & Kennedy, Grounds Maintenance, Mar 2000 (LN): "spreads quickly" Wasserman, Sacramento Bee, 7-14-05 (LN): "takes a tree by tree search...a geometric progression" NPR Transcript, 6-17-05 (LN): "if it gets out...threatens the quality of life of all of us" ADVANTAGE TWO: Prevent destruction of ozone layer. Skrycki, Wash Post, 10-12-04 (LN): "it will blow a hole in the ozone layer" Scherer, 8-20-03: "It could derail the treaty [Montreal Protocol]" Shirley Baston, pageplanet.com, 9-3-01 : " ozone...protects all life on Earth" Baston, 9-3-01: "plant & marine life will die" Humans will die, by UV rays, no food, or no oxygen Cornell LP @ Buffalo Clayton, CSM, 5-26-05 (LN): Story of the battle in Central Park "nation's list of most wanted bugs." Plan: The affirmative advocates the following plan that will replace any and all competing status quo policies. The United States Federal Government will increase diplomatic and economic pressure on The Peoples Republic of China by sending the US Trade Representative to inform the Chinese government that the United States Federal Government will no longer permit importation of solid wood packaging materials or pallets in new trade shipments. The US Trade Representative will inform the Peoples Republic of China that the United States Federal Government will offer the Chinese government the option to continue trade that utilizes packing materials and pallets that consist of manufactured wood, metal, or plastic materials. Funding and enforcement are guaranteed. The affirmative reserves the right to clarify, and affirmative speeches will serve as legislative history. CONTENTION ONE: The asian longhorned beetle is a threat. SUBPOINT A: These bugs from China are invading US. Economist, 9-19-98 (LN): hard to trap or kill "hitches its way to America on wooden pallets & crates" from China SUBPOINT B: Destructive effect could be devastating. Bodzin, LAT, in ITHACA JOURNAL, 8-15-05 "could devastate North American hardwood forests" Clayton, CSM, 5-26-05: "biggest economic and environmental disaster to hit" CONTENTION TWO: INHERENCY SUBPOINT A: New Bush Policy mandates ineffective pallet treatment Bodzin, LAT, 8-14-05: methyl bromide doesn't kill all the bugs, and destroys ozone SUBPOINT B: Bush plan is an economic-motivated, political payoff Scherer, theocracywatch.org, 8-20-03: "industry well connected..looking for multi-million dollar favors" CONTENTION THREE: SOLVENCY Bodzin, LAT, 8-14-05 "100% effective method for keeping out" Scherer, 8-20-03 "One surefire approach" Bodzin, 8-14-05 : "pallets & crates will be stamped with a...logo certifying...There's a problem with counterfeiting..." ADVANTAGE ONE: Prevent destruction of US forests US Fed News, 9-16-04 (LN) "may soon spread to the entire northeast...has killed billions of trees in China" Liskey & Kennedy, Grounds Maintenance, Mar 2000 (LN): "spreads quickly" Wasserman, Sacramento Bee, 7-14-05 (LN): "takes a tree by tree search...a geometric progression" NPR Transcript, 6-17-05 (LN): "if it gets out...threatens the quality of life of all of us" ADVANTAGE TWO: Prevent destruction of ozone layer. Skrycki, Wash Post, 10-12-04 (LN): "it will blow a hole in the ozone layer" Scherer, 8-20-03: "It could derail the treaty [Montreal Protocol]" Shirley Baston, pageplanet.com, 9-3-01 : " ozone...protects all life on Earth" Baston, 9-3-01: "plant & marine life will die" Humans will die, by UV rays, no food, or no oxygen Cornell RW @ Buffalo Clayton, CSM, 5-26-05 (LN): Story of the battle in Central Park "nation's list of most wanted bugs." Plan: The affirmative advocates the following plan that will replace any and all competing status quo policies. The United States Federal Government will increase diplomatic and economic pressure on The Peoples Republic of China by sending the US Trade Representative to inform the Chinese government that the United States Federal Government will no longer permit importation of solid wood packaging materials or pallets in new trade shipments. The US Trade Representative will inform the Peoples Republic of China that the United States Federal Government will offer the Chinese government the option to continue trade that utilizes packing materials and pallets that consist of manufactured wood, metal, or plastic materials. Funding and enforcement are guaranteed. The affirmative reserves the right to clarify, and affirmative speeches will serve as legislative history. CONTENTION ONE: The asian longhorned beetle is a threat. SUBPOINT A: These bugs from China are invading US. Economist, 9-19-98 (LN): hard to trap or kill "hitches its way to America on wooden pallets & crates" from China SUBPOINT B: Destructive effect could be devastating. Bodzin, LAT, in ITHACA JOURNAL, 8-15-05 "could devastate North American hardwood forests" Clayton, CSM, 5-26-05: "biggest economic and environmental disaster to hit" CONTENTION TWO: INHERENCY SUBPOINT A: New Bush Policy mandates ineffective pallet treatment Bodzin, LAT, 8-14-05: methyl bromide doesn't kill all the bugs, and destroys ozone SUBPOINT B: Bush plan is an economic-motivated, political payoff Scherer, theocracywatch.org, 8-20-03: "industry well connected..looking for multi-million dollar favors" CONTENTION THREE: SOLVENCY Bodzin, LAT, 8-14-05 "100% effective method for keeping out" Scherer, 8-20-03 "One surefire approach" Bodzin, 8-14-05 : "pallets & crates will be stamped with a...logo certifying...There's a problem with counterfeiting..." ADVANTAGE ONE: Prevent destruction of US forests US Fed News, 9-16-04 (LN) "may soon spread to the entire northeast...has killed billions of trees in China" Liskey & Kennedy, Grounds Maintenance, Mar 2000 (LN): "spreads quickly" Wasserman, Sacramento Bee, 7-14-05 (LN): "takes a tree by tree search...a geometric progression" NPR Transcript, 6-17-05 (LN): "if it gets out...threatens the quality of life of all of us" ADVANTAGE TWO: Prevent destruction of ozone layer. Skrycki, Wash Post, 10-12-04 (LN): "it will blow a hole in the ozone layer" Scherer, 8-20-03: "It could derail the treaty [Montreal Protocol]" Shirley Baston, pageplanet.com, 9-3-01 : " ozone...protects all life on Earth" Baston, 9-3-01: "plant & marine life will die" Humans will die, by UV rays, no food, or no oxygen Cornell KP @ Buffalo Contention One: The Status Quo Current attempts to convince China to join the WTO agreement on Government Procurement are inadequate. Hawkins, 2005 (“English Bill Provides Little in the Way of Direct Action on China” William R. July 26th. Senior Fellow for National Security Studies. http://www.americaneconomicalert.org/view_art.asp?Prod_ID2039) Current Congressional action tastes like warm, watered-down beer. More action is needed to solve. Hawkins, 2005 (“English Bill Provides Little in the Way of Direct Action on China” William R. July 26th. Senior Fellow for National Security Studies. http://www.americaneconomicalert.org/view_art.asp?Prod_ID2039) Thus we present the following plan: The United States Federal Government will substantially increase its diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China to join the World Trade Organization’s Government Procurement Agreement. Logistics through normal means. We’ll clarify. Contention Two: Solvency Increasing Pressure on China is the key to opening Chinese procurement markets. Segal, 2004 (“How to persuade China to Trade Fairly,” Adam, August 20, Financial Times (London, England), L/N) Contention Three: Technology The United States can soon lose its technology lead Leath, 2005 (“America’s S&T Leadership at Risk, Group Warns,” American Institute of Physics. March 17th, http://www.aip.org/fyi/2005/032.html) The only way to stop the decline of technological innovation is to open government markets in China. Segal, 2004 (“Practical Engagement: Drawing a Fine Line for U.S.-China Trade,” Adam. The Washington Quarterly. Summer) Furthermore, if China joined the Government Procurement Agreement, it would solve corruption and lead to technological transparency Vargo, 2003 (“Fair of Foul: The Challenge of Negotiating, Monitoring, and Enforcing U.S. trade laws.” Dec. 9th, Testimony to the Senate Subcommittee. Franklin J VP of International Economic Affairs and National Association of Manufacturers. http://hsgac.senate.gov/_files/120903vargo.pdf) Advantage 1 is Hegemony Technological innovation is key to U.S. primacy Segal 2004 (“Is America Losing Its Edge?” From Foreign Affairs, Adam, Marice R. Greenberg Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601-p0/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html) American engagement and military strength is needed to deter aggression and foster peace. Cohen, 1997 (William S., Defense, Arlington, “U.S. leadership depends on defense policies & budget priorities Iss. 2; pg. 4, 8 pgs) United States Hegemony is key to fighting many scenarios of nuclear war Khalilzad 1995 (Zalmay, senior fellow, RAND Institute, “Losing the Moment? The United States and the World After the Cold War” Spring 1995, RETHINKING GRAND STRATEGY; Vol. 18, No. 2; Pg. 84, lexis-nexis) Advantage 2 is Nanotechnology China is currently pursuing nanotechnology- the only way to keep up with them is to maintain technology trade and transparency Rock, 2005 (Hearing on China’s High Technology development before the u>S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. April 21-22. Anthony, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State) Technological Progress is synonymous with nanotech progress- they are inherently linked. Lincoln, 2002 (Professor Stephen Lincoln, The University of Adelaide, November 7, 2002, “Nanotech scientist wins national award,” http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news429.html, access 2005) Allowing China to develop nanotechnology first ensures the destruction of all civilization- the only way to prevent this is to keep pace with them and ensure peace through Mutually Assured Destruction Marlow 2004 (“Nanosecurity and the Future (if Any)” John Robert, Nanotech columnist. http://johnrobertmarlow.com/art--nanosecurity%20and%20the%20future%20if%20any.html) Nanobots can destroy all life on earth in less than 3 days. Marlow 2004 (“Nanosecurity and the Future (if Any)” John Robert, Nanotech columnist. http://johnrobertmarlow.com/art--nanosecurity%20and%20the%20future%20if%20any.html) Advantage 3 is the Economy (may not be in the 1AC- possible add-on) Technological leadership is key to the economy Mandel 2004 (Michael, “America’s Real Global Responsibility,” http://www.theglobalist.com/storyID.aspx?StoryID=4141) Economic downturn will lead to nuclear war Mead 1992 (Walter Russel, member, Board of Advisors, “Depending on the Kindness of Strangers,” New Perspectives Quarterly, Summer, v. 9, n. 3) Cornell MT Round 4 Shirley Vs. team name: Fla St. LS Judged by: Snider Plan Text:Same 1AC w/ cites SAME Answers to Cap K 1. alt don’t solve Novak 82 the spirit of democratic capitalism page 27 2. cap solves best Passavent 04 “Empire’s New clothes…” p. 3-4 3. acceleration solves conservor society rainer 1995 the conservor society… p. 211 4. perm solves zizek 1998 law and the postmodern mind p. 91-94 5. alt don’t solve herman 96 “postmodern triumps” 6. alt fails green 1992 uGreen deslusions 169-170 7. policymaking good Bonner 2k2 Imagining the possible p. 79-81 Cornell MT AFF vs. Dart CS, Round 2 at the Dixie 1ac same as casebook 2ac kicked the econ/defo advantage and extended ozone/methyl bromide 2ac to T must be quid pro quo w/m force china not to use wood packaged c/i: sxns, trade war, or econ war olimit better res mandates fx fx increase neg ground wood package used in 60% of trade no ground loss 2ac to India politics -docket full Bloomberg, 11/2/05, "the U.S. Congress is putting off a series of contentious issues...agenda back quite a bit" -prolif frame bad David Mutimer, The Weapons State: Proliferation and the Framing of Security, pg. 156, 156-7, 61, 88-90 -Schumer bill will pass, kills relations Standard, 10/28/05, "although wu's comments threw cold water...coming up for a vote NYT, 10/10/05, "but since its first tentative...in an interview" -nw not kill ozone 2ac to relations -rels low Max Boot, Weekly Standard, 10/10/05, "it seems like only a few months...American hegemonism" -won't spillover to other issues -Relations fluctuate Richard Bush, Brookings, 5/23/04, www.brookings.edu/views/speeches/bush/20040523.pdf, "yet I personally think...American concern" -trade tension now, yuan, ipr -beetle kills rels inevitably -other trade solve relations 2ac to disease reps K -NW = manage life -Alt not solve, reps in the sq -one rep won't cause an impact -aids actually does cause extinct -Alts not solve, not lead to movement Edward S. Herman, Z Magazine, Jan 96, "an important element of the...on individual actions alone?" Cornell MT Pre Shirley Cornell MT - Round 5 - Cap Cities OBS 1 - SQUO The increase in trade between the United States and China requires the increased use of Solid Wood Packaging material which contains Asian Long Horned Beetles responsible for destruction of millions of trees throughout the United States. State of New York 9/15/2005 (STATE OF NEW YORK et al. V. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, Civil Action No. 05-CV-8008, ECF Case, Complaint) Rather than Ban SWPM, Current practices require SWPM to be treated as agricultural commodities and fumigated with methyl bromide before importation. State of New York 9/15/2005 (STATE OF NEW YORK et al. V. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, Civil Action No. 05-CV-8008, ECF Case, Complaint) Current practices are ineffective treatment methods fail and certification of treatment is commonly counterfeited. State of New York 9/15/2005 (STATE OF NEW YORK et al. V. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, Civil Action No. 05-CV-8008, ECF Case, Complaint) Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on The Peoples Republic of China to end the use of Solid Wood Packaging Material (SWPM) in exports to the United States. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) should institute a ban on SWPM and should use diplomatic channels to pressure The Peoples Republic of China to end the use of Solid Wood Packaging Material. Obs 2 - Solvency A Phase out of SWPM would prevent importation of Asian Long Horned Beetles and prevent harm to the ozone. State of New York 9/15/2005 (STATE OF NEW YORK et al. V. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, Civil Action No. 05-CV-8008, ECF Case, Complaint) A ban on SWPM from China solves the pest risk. APHIS 1998 (Solid Wood Packing Material From China; Interim Rule, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 7 CFR Parts 319 and 354 [Docket No. 98-087-1] http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/alb/swpm/interimalb.html) MDM Our solution is the most effective, environmentally friendly and least labor intensive. APHIS 1998 (Solid Wood Packing Material From China; Interim Rule, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 7 CFR Parts 319 and 354 [Docket No. 98-087-1] http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/alb/swpm/interimalb.html) MDM Alternatives to SWPM are economically viable. APHIS 2004 (Importation of Wood Packaging Material. Federal Register Vol. 69, No. 179 September 16, 2004 http://a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/06jun20041800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2004/04-20763.htm) New Shipping technology helps offset increased costs by reducing shipping weight. Logistics Management, August 1, 2005 (Corrugated pallet cuts shipping costs. L/N) Adv 1 - Economy Ineffective measures risk destroying Americas forests. APHIS 1998 (Solid Wood Packing Material From China; Interim Rule, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 7 CFR Parts 319 and 354 [Docket No. 98-087-1] http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/alb/swpm/interimalb.html) MDM The US forestry industry is key to the economy. Moore, President and CEO American Forest and Paper Association 2003 (Henson, American Forest and Paper Association March http://www.afandpa.org/Template.cfm?Section=Energy1&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=7194) The Asian Long Horned Beetle will be the biggest economic disaster to hit American Shores Clayton, May 26, 2005 (Among America's 'most wanted': hungry beetle Christian Science Monitor l/n) Nuclear War MEAD 92 Adv 2- Ozone Use of Methyl Bromide under pest rules contributing to ozone depletion Hartford Courant, Oct 4 2005 (PROTECT THE OZONE LAYER, NewsBank) US Leadership is key to the success of the Montreal Ozone Protocol. In the status quo The United States will fall drastically short of its requirements under the protocol risking sanctions and international relations. Gonzalez, July 23, 2002 (Marco [Executive Secretary, The Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy], Montreal Protocol Working Group Meeting, http://www.arap.org/2002-meeting/montreal.html) This could be the straw that breaks the camels back its is impossible to know the threshold for ozone depletion. US Leadership on methyl bromide is key since it is the largest user. Makhijani, 1996 (Arjun, Ph.D. [President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research] Statements from policy and press briefings organized by Ozone Action and held in Washington, DC on February 14, 1996. http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=871) Methyl bromide is the most powerful ozone-depleting chemical in use. Phasing it out is key to protecting all life on earth. State of New York 9/15/2005 (STATE OF NEW YORK et al. V. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, Civil Action No. 05-CV-8008, ECF Case, Complaint) Destruction of Ozone = Extinction Issac Asimov and Frederic Pohl 1991 (Our Angry Earth p 34-35) Ozone hole spurs drought and famine in Southern Africa The Herald, Sept 16 2005, (Ozone Depletion Threat to Agric, http://allafrica.com/stories/200509160481.html) Drought and famine in Southern Africa augments the spread of AIDS Beaubien, 2005 (Jason [NPR reporter] October 16 "Africa's hunger crisis complicates AIDS response" National Public Radio - Weekend Edition) l/n transcripts The Spread of AIDS risks extinction Michael Kibaara Muchiri, 6 March 2000 ("Will Annan finally put out Africa's fires?" The Jakarta Post) factiva Cornell MT Aff Round # 5 Cap Cities Vs. Northwestern HS Judged by: Spring Answers to Disad Econ (w/ key cites) Collapse inevit bc of brain drain (unevidenced) Sxns inevit Impact links to pressure K Long horn beetle collapses econ Answers to Disad China Russia (w/ key cites) C-R relations good – resource wars which lead to extinction Answers to Pressure K (w/ key cites) Theory and Perm Answers to Engagement Counterplan (w/ key cites) PICs bad Engagement doesn’t solve AVIS 98 Takes too long Doesn’t spillover Sanctions good Answers to Topicality must be a threat (w/ key cites) WM they are a threat CI Econ press is pressure on economic issues 1ar Strategy notes Just theory 2ar Strategy notes Theory CSU Fullerton CSU Fullerton HP @ Gonzaga Round 5: Aff VS. Puget Sound JV Plan: Hence, Parija and I demand that the United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in human rights by ratifying and implementry the convention to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women without reservation. Clarification and understanding. CSU Fullerton HP @ Gonzaga Round 1: Aff VS. Whitman College GR Plan: Hence, Parija and I demand that the United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in human rights by ratifying and implementry the convention to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women without reservation. Clarification and understnding Case Outline: Charlotte Bunch, “Transforming Human Knights from a Feminist Perspective,” From Womyn’s rights Human Knights Round 1 Gonzaga 9-16-05: Aff VS. Whitman College GR Plan: Hence, Parija and I demand that the United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in human rights by ratifying and implementry the convention to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women without reservation. Clarification and understnding Case Outline: Charlotte Bunch, “Transforming Human Knights from a Feminist Perspective,” From Womyn’s rights Human Knights FYI: They will approach before the round and ask that you go slow. 1AC: 1. Question “stylistic approach we take for debate” 2. Paulo Freire 1970, Brazilian education and influential theorist of edu. “It is our role to dialogue with the people about their views and ours…IN order to communicate effectively, educations anad politicians must understand the structural conditions in which the thought and language of the people are dialectically framed.” 3. Fast debate bad 4. The only way to achieve epistemoloby validity is to partake in the suffereing of the oppressed. 5. Roby Rajan must articulate theories of exploiation is to join those who has transformed “Inconvient” 6. Gender discrimination bad 7. Christine Bulger describes story with Sun Lili “Gender discrimination has take the form of references in hiring men, excessive fines based on alleged violations…Worker’s Family Hotel…requisite permission of ther employer’s family planning office…Unsafe to have any more aboritions if she wanted to have children in the future” 8. Heavy fine of 3,100 Yuan. 9. Suit was filed (Bulger 2000) 10. UNFPA helps wmn but Bush prevents the action (Saona, 2004) 11. Chinese companies harm Chinese women 12. Charlotte Buch 1995 “Excluding sex discrimination and violence against womyn from the human rights agenda…maintained by patriarchal interests, ideology, and institutions.” PLAN: Hence, Parija and I demand that the United States Federal Government should substantially increase diplomatic and economic pressure on the People’s Republic of China in human rights by ratifying and implementing the Convention to Eliminate all forms of Discrimination against Women without reservation, clarification, or understanding. 1. Prepresentative Connie Morella “Our vocal support for the human rights of every individual and our role as a…our lack of action is nothing sort of embarrassing” 2. “The US should actively engage in ways to eliminate brutality womyn face around the world. One of the first and most basic steps is to adopt the objectives of CEDAW” 3. CEDAW ratification by US leads to Chinese implementation. China thinks we are hypocritical until we ratify CEDAW. Bush should give funds to UNFPA. 4. Hannah Saona 2004 = reproductive family planning 5. Timothy Kuhner = mutual coercion as a solution to human rights problems. First step = ratification. Full Source Cites they don’t read Freire Paulo Pedagogy of the Opressed p 96 Roby Rajan School of Business at the LUnviersity of Wisconsin 1990 Alternatives Hannah Saona in 2004 (“The protection of reproductive rights under international law: The bush administration’s policy shift and China’s Family Planning Practices” Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal, Jan 04) Christine Bulger Fighting Gender Discrimination in the Chinese Workplace Boston College Third World Journal http://infoeagle.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bctwj/20_2_TXT.htm) Charlotte Bunch 95 (Transforming Human Rights from a Feminist Perspective in Womyn’s Rights Human Rights ed Peters and Wolper Connie Morella 2002 (Testimony before Senate Foreign Relations Committee June 13 Federal Document Clearing House) “Discrimination of women is staggering Beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime Are lost to women ages 15-44 Timonthy Kuhner 2003 (Duke journal of comparative and international law “Human rights teaties in US law: the status quo, its underlying bases and pathways for change” 13 duke J Comp and I law 419 Spring, p l/n) “To solve this collective action problem, Hardin proposes “mujtual coercion mutually agreed upon…temptations which they deem harmful to themselves.” Margaret Huang 01 (US human Rights policy Toward China Foreign Policy in Focus Vol 6 #8 March http://www.rfkmemorial.org/CENTER/Huang_China_Article.htm 1NC 1. T diplo and econ T 2. Framework 3. Case Turns (Rawthel, Jolly Ram ev from China K 1 File, Xinga cards that China solving now) 4. ME Democracy DA 2AC Evidence Fem = transformation Mohanty (Prof of women’s studies at Union Institute and Univ of Cincinnati 2003 (Feminism without borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity, Duke Univ. press pg 3-4) “So in this political/economic context, what would an economically and socially just feminist policy look like…anticapitalist practices are as important as larger, arganized political movements” CSU Fullerton/Santa Cruz IK Matt Kennedy & sam iola @ GSU We begin with the end with a one line obituary: after spending a decading studying every detain of a genocide, having planning it meticulously for over a month, Iris Chang, the author of The Rape of Nanking, recently committed suicide. It makes one wonder if history can sometimes swallow people. Perhaps this is what happened to the Japanese psyche when the first and only atomic bombs ever used brought about a historical new time of peace. With a momentary flash peace brought its reckoning: Japan faced an aporetic condition, stuck between the victimhood of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the memory of aggression in the Rape of Nanking. A – MURAKAMI, 2K5 When postwar fantasies of Japanese nationalism disappeared, a new cultural imaginary appeared. Peace became the strategic obsession and quickly covered over the dual-trauma of Japan’s past as both victim and oppressor. The antagonisms that divided the Japanese psyche within itself found expression only in subculture and anime. Apparently innocent cartoon children became also the bearers of the greatest guilt and responsibility: these artifacts have the potential to lay bare the trauma of history and are transformative wherever they find expression because they overcome the pitfalls of a psychological repression that can only find expression in apocalyptic warlike tendencies. C – SAWARAGI, 2K5 (Little Boy: The Art of Japan’s Exploding Subculture) This aporetic condition erases Japan’s subjectivity and forces it to exist as a nation waiting for death, doomed to confront its own repressive forces turned inward. With nothing to believe in to define an essential national subjectivity Japan is left to define a new homeland — a process evidenced by the tremendous Japanese police forces and which is empirically riddled with violence. B – MURAKAMI, 2K5 (takashi; Little Boy: The Art of Japan’s Exploding Subculture) To pressure is to recognize the necessity of mourning and trauma. We pressure because we feel grief on account of how Bush has developed the global perception of what it means to be an "American"... we grieve for the victims that have been in the news recently because homeland security has replaced funding for the red cross. Mourning is an act of forgiveness that moves beyond history and acts in spite of the pain that one nevertheless continues to feel. China’s constant focus on a written apology for the Rape of Nanking is a refusal to confront the events that might bring about closure for both victims and aggressors. China’s insistence on apology is a calculated political tool that repeats the violence of sovereign power in a new political climate. We should pressure china to forgive Japan for the unforgivable. This pressure is an act of mourning that transcends categories of guilt. Only forgiving the unforgivable can ever re-constitute the grounds upon which interaction occurs and in which subjectivity is constituted. D – BROWN, 2K (Wendy; Politics Out of History) Only when we forgive the unforgivable does forgiveness begin to have any real meaning and have any hope of escaping the cycle of violence. China is not just nation but also a subject formed in its interactions with others. Subjectivity is inter-personal; forgiveness can form new ties and allow Japan and China to confront the Rape of Nanking and the experience of the bomb. Pressuring for forgiveness is itself an act of offering ourselves to the other for judgment, while forgiveness is an act of refusing judgment upon the other that has offered itself. E – DERRIDA (Jacques; Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness) CSU Fullerton/Santa Cruz IK Matt Kennedy & sam iola @ GSU Advocacy is pressure to forgive Japan for World War II stuff. What pressure means is ambiguous and never really clarified by the aff in the this debate. 1ac says pressure is mourning but their examples indicate some influence relationship: for instance, “our mourning fatalities in iraq puts pressure on bush” The reason for this is stuff about reconstituting identity etc. There is also an argument that the burden of victim (Hiroshima/nagaski) and victimizer (nurmberg). Messes up the Japanese people. CSU Fullerton MM Aff Round 6 GSU Vs. team name: Northwestern BrCh Judged by: Blake Abbott Plan Text: No plan text 1AC w/ cites the gaze of the stranger..intimate I lose a sight of it. I am lost to it I follow its echoes the stranger calls inside of me someone conducted an ethnographic study working in the sweatshops in the 60s and 70s the prc hardened their system lack of ID is a danger to these people laws that maintain citizenship are bad. => violent backlashes risking automatic deportation in china pop control is affected by a system that controls the person's entire life the labor of the rural pop is there, but it's not admitted it's closed off from forming any roots in a city migrant labor is unique a worker will spend 3-5 years before getting married regs aren't being enforced the aspirations of the da gan may destroyed by the hu gu system womyn forced to get married womyn are caught and treated as things to be owned hope for our families workers have become part of the system. Workers become units of calc that are easily exploited cap, socialism, and patriarchy create these oppressions along disparity societal and individual levels stripping the agency and dreams of these levels cap prdxn and consumption is along sexual hierarchies biopower is only interested in the feminine body that is seen as more obedient and tolerant cap profit extracts youth it's the ult example of consumption and ownership silent social rev is underway, and these womyn are their agents aspirations of the da gan may more diffused methods of prdxn and exchange the transgressions of the da gan may their ability to fight and embrace even menstral pain poetics of transgression fights the capital state in this increasingly globalized world workers' subject seeks a space in life criss-crossing individual and collective levels in recognizing the power, we stand face to face it's a different world in language we understand our suffering the 3rd space. In between my space and the space of the other transgresses the us/them dichotomy in the eyes of the da gan may, we see them and in them we see ourselves in this space our ID's formed we believe db8 should be about the liberation of oppressed peoples you can use your ballot as a means of affirming the transgressive power of fighting the oppression the worker's space is one where ppl are trapped in the bounds of a post-socialist society can be appreciated w/in the bounds and similarities the purpose is not to be the da gan may but allow an ethical lense to transform ourselves and our connection to social networks we embrace the stranger we know that we need from the stranger, and the stranger needs from us they cross the border to dream that their pain is there 2AC – which answered both the K and framework like them, I am trapped in a state of transcience. I can follow the dreams of my mother. She crossed the border. My father beats her her dreams are centered on her is my mother's position only re-creating domination? no. She's a revolutionary she takes the beatings to provide her life is political there is room for resistance wherever there is domination the workers stop and slow down to fight the 3rd space allows us to fight and question or suffering it doesn't solve but generate a new sense of self capable of these activities their fw excludes working w/in this system we deconstruct the way that they are seen transgressive pltx comes from our everyday lives policy should not be excluded, but every oppression is about agency burstein says that policy db8 is excessive more ppl watch a jv football game than outrounds at the ndt ppl are blown away by the expertise that is privileged the number of minorites in debate drops w/ the better debating the ppl who need debate the most are further excluded from excluded in this community small percentages in db8 db8 becomes the banking part of ed that friere talks about the more we store and deposit, the less we actually fight against oppression only thru communication can human life hold meaning hold men and womyn as objects we approach life mechanically we adjust to the world seemingly indoctrinating them true humans cannot use the banking. They would only negate that persuit debaters enforce rules to hurt our ed if that ed isn't questioning, we should change ie they create a false solidarity the more we adapt to the system, the more we are empty the banking doesn't want to transform things domination is also privileged we become alienated from our culture we are well grounded in the resolution the workers' agency a text becomes the way to follow a legit debate gov't also uses documents to create those who are "other" we become exterminated in that system the neg doesn't understand the harm it takes to rupture that system we are not ignorant in how the system functions the gov't does not care about us, and we shouldn't act like the gov't doesn't use us the gov't uses us to exclude us the FG can't be for all their rep for rich white men forms of transgression makes us assimilate we see a system that disempowers us we create a failure and inaxn in pltx we must engage in a pltx that enacts the ed is liberatory in everyday life switch side db8 is an intellectual sellout the FG doesn't create these solutions T is predicted by a fw they force alienated topics the topic will be impacted by that we only get rid of limits that exclude others fairness is rigged 1ar switch side debate is the oppressor pltx of gov't and legis is not the same for everyone lemme tell you a story rape is frequent in my neighborhood ppl w/ no soc sec # are oppressed dying bleeding gasping for air that is not ours should I become the man who will chain my father and send him back should I chain my mom who is dying from cancer this is the death of the spirit should we act like the fathers who degrade the system experience allows a better struggle and better pltx their liberation cannot begin until we understand each other's experiences db8 = banking system it creates a good amount for the privileged this is what friere calls praxis our community uses banking system we file away and rush through evidence ppl file themselves away losing ability to do pltx recurring system of reducing ppl to mere objects bell hooks says this creates an assimilate or lose way to go we need theory and pltx they are not democratic the banking system will always create a system for elites the plan text is another justification for how ppl exclude people usfg justifies their genocide the da gan may are voiceless and will continue to be so this is why we have a hopeful vision db8 is a place of empowerment w/in this theoretical and political standing it's disgusting to endorse a pltx forgetting that one persons' terrorist = another person's freedom fighter no one dares to realize that our stance is pltx the da gan may fight in their own way one pltx over another is part of this our mothers want you to see bleed for you to see does this blood run without recognition think again it's not that legislative pltx is bad we also have to be open to another form of pltx 2ar look into my eyes and tell me that the state will care about our mothers who are undocumentaed tell me that the state will care your role is to facilitate the way we discuss the liberation of the oppressed to talk about strategies and use our priv to counteract hegemonic groups a sign that every round should be abour finding ways it doesn't mean never using institutions we should make every round political imagine a way that the aff could find solutions and the neg argues them we shape to be more inclusive liberation of oppressed ppl we allow ourselves to be more focued saying we need a text is a means to simplify our experienced this is the way that the usfg forgets about womyn the reject the suffering b/c it's easier to have a text this is a way that the fg fnxnx our purpose is forming a community that doesn't exist yet where we take a stance against the hu gu system it should be for the oppressed look past our experience?!? they try to coopt our fw as inauthentic it's about grounding our experience and what we advocate why are undocumented workers hurt? luis said that our families are miserable I have lobbied and the state told me to fuck myself the state has an impression that the others are excluded before we engage, we need to stop the hierarchies in our everyday lives how can the ppl at the borders transgress we do we can do fast debate, that doesn't matter it's whether we should be in a community that is privileged and creates the banking system there's no room for the oppressed in this community it's about what WE can do to talk about these people they force an assimilation they create a psychological trauma we are not white and privileged we don't want to engage the fg the way that they do it ignores that there's power w/ praxis the way to combat banking systems of oppression is to talk about the problems and how we are political in our lives it's not about philosophizing we create these forms of axn they are only assimilation they make us take the role of the dominator the system is rigged this is why womyn and minorities are not in the debate CSU Fullerton MM Luis Magallon & Brenda Montes @ GSU We focus on the dagongmei, these are female workers from rural areas that go into the city to work in factories. We talk about their daily lives how they are oppressed by capitalism, patriarchy and socialism. The Hokou system (an identification system) forces women to have a ‘temporary’ immigration status in the urban areas which dictates where they have to live. Without an identification system these women are harassed and “deported” and are kicked out of their jobs. We talk about our relationship to the dagongmei and how we find connection with their experience. We believe that the Hokou system which is the basis for economic development in China is harmful to these women. Framework: Debate should be about the liberation of the oppressed. CSU Fullerton MM @ Gonzaga Round 5: Aff VS. Gonzaga BH Plan: None Case Outline: Advocate Hokou System Bad Rural women works give a permit to work and then after a period of time the permit is taken away and that is bad Framework - Experience CSU Fullerton MM @ Gonzaga Round 1: Aff VS. Cal Berkeley GrRe NONE DISCLOSED Fullerton MP Aff Round # 7 Shirley vs Team: Kansas State SZ Judge: The affirmative says thate their use of hip-hop is a way to free the Uighyr people from the oppression of the Chinese government. Their interpretation of hip hop is that the elites of the USFG don’t understand hip hop which is why it solves as a form of resistance. They only deal with the Uiygurs in the Xinjiang region. The 1ac does not have an advocacy statement nor do they disclose a text. They use examples of the war on terror (how china & US are partners in the war on terror) to justify genocide of the Uigers AT any counterplan: debate is postmodernism/the DJ doesn’t drop the needle in the same place every time… CSU Fullerton MP Aff Round # 7 Shirley vs Team: Kansas State SZ Judge: Jillian Marty (Alabama) Plan Text Umm… 1ac w/ cites Umm… 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Umm… Answers To Off Case Args Human rights are key to address in China’s Northwest region… War on terror becomes a war on difference, US and PRC should stop the war on terror. --PRC and USFG act same way as debate, we treat debate as a game and marginalize other types of debates; debate can become an open forum but we need to do it better, and listen to others. --Hip hop is a vehicle to get words out, especially those oppressed people. --This is the only channel to struggle against oppression A2: Their rap --They don’t take into account social limitations; having a debate about something that is not us is debilitating --We must never provide the people with programs that can increase fears and oppress consciousness, must always talk about our lives and the real world --Neg perpetuates this by playing Eminem’s White America for no reason, this coopts the offense that we have in our advocacy. --They talk about theory and not action; Branson lost a round by not relating it to things they are talking about; Eminem enforces racism when he says, “if I was black I woulda sold out.” --The war on terror is a universal call by Bush in the name of human rights, this is what’s imperialist, not our advocacy --What is happening with the Uighurs is an example of the War on Terror; human rights discourse argument flows aff, that’s what we’re kritiking A2: East Turkestan --We can do both; debate is like postmodernism; we can have vocal samples from the media in music; there’s no fixed language. Hip hop has hidden messages and text. --Their card, the Uighurs websight, has Xinjiang all over it, so there’s no way why we can’t say “free the Uighurs and fight for East Turkestan” --We’ve done a lot of research and tried to associate with the Uighur people --They essentialize Uighurs by saying “all Uighurs want to be treated this way, called East Turkestan and not Xinjiang --They provide no practical ideology to advocate at the end of the round --If we don’t label it Xinjiang, this masks the oppression of China --The human rights links are all about the US government; we don’t engage the government; human rights discourse is bad when it comes from the govt, but they have no evidence about why the Black Panthers would be bad. We have an alternative: the Black Panthers movement to educate the people and criticize/police the police. Cross Ex Fullerton says that you can’t rap because you’re white, and you can’t use other people’s rap because you are not them, you do not come from the same background as them. Like, you can’t use Eminem’s words, or support Eminem, because you don’t share anything in common with them. Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes CSU- Fullerton MP Aff Round # 6 Shirley vs Team: Concordia FF Judge: jimbo maritato Plan Text No plan, just advocate freeing the Xighurs with a black panther methodology 1ac w/ cites No cites 1AC raps three times with background music. Also plays sound clips. Rb be j revolution ary and ganster, debate monsters, thugs don't be scared, knowledge power, learning from debate, open up doors, out of the academy, put it on the block, drop like its hot, ne system doesn't change system, ego system, human rights is the statue of focus. PRC also bullshit, treating Xighurs like slvaes, straight ou the hood, something about state, xiughur tortured executed, an apology don't nteed a new policy, west coast monopoly, speak to the people, fiat is a fantasy done wit hthat galaxy, bout time for this bullshit to stop, send message with hip hop, several continents hip hop is recognized. Shout out to you, out it one more time, elevate movment- black panther, 24/7 365,modern revolution, Malcolm X, mad respect, ballot or bullet nothing more and nothing les.s Bush clip US and china allies against global terror Oppressor AKA PRC, RBG. Muslim state on attack fear and hate, perfect excuse, cracking necks. Can’t sleep at night, erase people and culture- genocide. Not to compromise, response with mobilize, re-edcuation, suffering and death factual information, system of surveillance, religious texts, riders ride, muslims can’t dress, kids cant play games, do we become role players or eral players, doom sayers or unknown city mayor. Terrorism is an excuse for We are pawns in BUshs’ game. Life on the ghetto on the xiughur streets Situation is bleach, seeking justice, war on terrorism, ghetto and Iraq. Time is right now, can’t let the moment pass Clip- more children died in Hiroshima, is the price worth it? the price is worth it. Listen- the price is never worth it, genocide of native Americans, Nazis, stereotype all xuighurs as terrorists, peaceful citizens but they spend days in camps. We don't respond to nuclear threats. Point of debate about being for oppressed people, banking system usual for debate. Transformation is ok, our own re0education camps, to find solutions to problems, traditional education and school is not enough for the potential of individuals. Liberate the oppressed, call 911 nbeen a new regime. Bankging education for oh so long Gotta realize and free the xighur people, they are in guantanamo we should monbilize and have a movement and free the xighur, black panthers are a methodology, hip hop communicate with the people because oppressed people. Black panthers because people in classrooms and then they put it on the streets and put their lives on the line. This is a necessary part should endorse what the project does. CX of 1AC “need to adopt black panther” how do I enact that? Aff: “the revolutionary- vanguard is to educate people to spearhead a Strictly education or also black panther ethos AFf: Yes both Local net benefit to listening to hip hop, so what about dorky white people? Aff: There are people out there who don't understand culture, but black panther there were people who didn't like gays, but they could communicate with the community, don't sya “we don't want white people here” can build relationship with people How do that? AFf: Hip hop = space for people who don't have proper education, people can find an AK gun before can find a school, dead prez put into the debate instead of zizek and agamben. Apology in rap? Whose giving an apology AFf: Sometimes we identify with our own opporession, many people have become racist, we all embody that. Us/them dichotomy a lot of corporations don't do much for the people that's why we are in the situation we are in (statistics). CSU Fullerton MP Aff Round 3 Shirley vs Team: Stanford LM Judge: Jackie Massey Plan Text Same 1ac w/ cites Same Fullerton PM Aff Round # 2 Shirley vs Team: Judge:Reid 1ac Same as casebook except they now advocate the Black Panther movement 2ac same the casebook answers to the USC strategy CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonzaga Round 6: Aff VS. Whitman College GR Plan: None, the Jist: Bush should use hip-hop and “drop it like it’s hot” on the PRC hip hop is method for plan implementation. Round 6: Aff VS. Whitman College GR Plan: None, the Jist: Bush should use hip-hop and “drop it like it’s hot” on the PRC hip hop is method for plan implementation. CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonz Round 1 Gonzaga 9-16-05: Aff VS. Southern California Plan: None, the Jist: Bush should use hip-hop and “drop it like it’s hot” on the PRC hip hop is method for plan implementation. Case Outline: Begins with original rap about showing the PRC that they’re human rights abuses should be corrected. Take examples of Muslim persecution in the XinXiang province, the Chinese police State. Muslim Crack down in China part of the global war on terror Harms: leaders are reeducated, children can’t go to school, Muslims can’t teach, control culture, read as separatists which gets them the death penalty 1st Audio Clip Bush speaking saying ath the US and China are allies in the worl don terror followed by some political analysit saying terrorism is just a pretense War on terror has become the war on difference “you’re either with us or against us” rhetoric leads to fear driven politics Special 2AC/1AR Tricks: 2AC: Freirian “banking education” is bad is their answer to framework Talking to specialized audience is bad “We are America” and that makes us topical 2nd Audio Clip Madeline Albright – We have a difficult choice is it worth it? 3rd Audio Clip Bush – It’s a long long struggle there might be a loss of life, we must endure loss of life to protect American lives Bush takes lives to save lives In that time terrorism has increased Most Muslims peaceful – the Uighars progressive branch that sllow women leadership in the church Bush and Jintao worse the n Bin Laden Debate privileges types of knowledge Paolo Friere’s Banking education Debate is the 9/11- debate as a reeducation camp Transformative politics must be a habit of being Hip-hop = resistance Method of communication that transcends class 4th Video Clip Origins of hip-hop – reflects a since of betrayal Absence of homeland security Homeland Security is an oxymoron like military intelligence or Department of Justice Solvency; Education Solves Debate is a mechanism for reeducation and potential for change CSU Fullerton MP @ Gonzaga Round 1: Aff VS. Southern California Plan: None, the Jist: Bush should use hip-hop and “drop it like it’s hot” on the PRC hip hop is method for plan implementation. Case Outline: Begins with original rap about showing the PRC that they’re human rights abuses should be corrected. Take examples of Muslim persecution in the XinXiang province, the Chinese police State. Muslim Crack down in China part of the global war on terror Harms: leaders are reeducated, children can’t go to school, Muslims can’t teach, control culture, read as separatists which gets them the death penalty 1st Audio Clip Bush speaking saying ath the US and China are allies in the worl don terror followed by some political analysit saying terrorism is just a pretense War on terror has become the war on difference “you’re either with us or against us” rhetoric leads to fear driven politics Special 2AC/1AR Tricks: 2AC: Freirian “banking education” is bad is their answer to framework Talking to specialized audience is bad “We are America” and that makes us topical 2nd Audio Clip Madeline Albright – We have a difficult choice is it worth it? 3rd Audio Clip Bush – It’s a long long struggle there might be a loss of life, we must endure loss of life to protect American lives Bush takes lives to save lives In that time terrorism has increased Most Muslims peaceful – the Uighars progressive branch that sllow women leadership in the church Bush and Jintao worse the n Bin Laden Debate privileges types of knowledge Paolo Friere’s Banking education Debate is the 9/11- debate as a reeducation camp Transformative politics must be a habit of being Hip-hop = resistance Method of communication that transcends class 4th Video Clip Origins of hip-hop – reflects a since of betrayal Absence of homeland security Homeland Security is an oxymoron like military intelligence or Department of Justice Solvency; Education Solves Debate is a mechanism for reeducation and potential for change CSU Northridge CSU Northridge CL @ Gonzaga Round 5: Aff VS. Georgia State FL Plan: The United States Federal Government will substantially increase economic and diplomatic pressure on the Peoples Republic of China to encourage the People’s Republic of China to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Case Outline: OBS 1: Harms and Inherency Liberal tradition of Human Rights Denies Particularity and minority rights. Focusing on specific groups oppression is key to solve. Daniel Bell 1996 “The East Asian Challenge to Human Rights: Reflections on an East West Dialogue” We must look away from War aand military driven politics and focus instead on how questions of gender, race, capitalism enable the everyday wars. Chris Cuomo 1996 “War is Not Just an Event: Reflections on the Significance of Everyday violence” Rather than get distracted by examinations of regional interpretations of Human Rights, we must combat violations of minimal standards of dignity. Micheal Freeman 2000 “Universal Rights and Particular cultures” China’s Sex trade exploits over 250,000 children. Emerita Farr 2005 Sex Trafficking the Global Market in Women and Children. Child prostitution has the highest risk for HIV AIDs. Emerita Farr 2005 Sex Trafficking the Global Market in Women and Children. China is silencing the incidences of AIDS and jailing AIDS activists to better coverup the epidemic. If action isn’t taken soon, 10 million Chinese will die of AIDs. Heda Bayron 2004 “Chinese AIDs Activists Arrested” China is the next front, if left unabated, Aids leads to extinction. Nicholas Platt 2004 “AIDS in Asia: The Invisible People Summary” The LGBT community and Sex Workers are being threatened with arrest and are having establishments shut down further marginalizing and worsening the spread of AIDS. Human Rights Watch 2005 “Restriction on AIDs Activists in China” We must focus on Gay and Lesbian politics because of the biopower that controls knowledge and discourses of sexuality. Jeffrey Escoffier 1995 “Reaching for a Politics of Ourselves” Biopower challenges the ability to maintain and develop life and ultimatelyjustifies extermination. Michele Foucault 1984 The Foucault Reader We must recognize Queer oppression as a basic Human Rights Violation, end governmental complicity and the legitimizing of the abuses. Rachel Rosenbloom 1995 “Unspoken Rules: Sexual Orientation and Women’s Human Rights” Plan: The United States Federal Government will substantially increase economic and diplomatic pressure on the Peoples Republic of China to encourage the People’s Republic of China to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. OBS 2: Solvency Announcing intentions to apply economic sanctions against China leads to change in Human Rights. Margaret Huang 2001 “US Human Rights Policy Toward China” ICCPR trumps domestic law. Christopher Harlen 2000, “The status of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in the domestic law of state parties: an initial global survey through UN Human Rights committee documents” China will Ratify the ICCPR, US pressure key. Fang Jue 2005 “Preamble: Chinese new leaders attitude towards the US” US leadership lynchpin in combating world AIDS pandemic. Nicholas Platt 2004 “AIDS in Asia: The Invisible People Summary” ICCPR sets a precedent for LGBT rights. Human Rights Education Associates 2003, “Study Guide: Sexual Orientation and Human Rights” Shutting down the flow of information by closing websites will be rendered illegal whenb China ratifies the ICCPR. Human Rights Watch June 2005 “Restriction on AIDs Activists in China” The ICCPR defend the rights of LGBT individuals and combats the killing, imprisonment, harassment, torture, and abuses perpetrated in the SQ. Amnesty International 2005 (OUTfront! Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender Human Rights) HIV AIDs medications are guaranteed to China citizens yet AIDs activists seeking treatment for those dispossessed are unlawfully arrested. ICCPR solves by guaranteeing trial and application of the law. Leonard Rubenstein 2003 Health Action AIDs ICCPR bans sexual slavery and forced prostitution. Asian Pacific Forum on Women 1999, Law and Development. Controling the sex trade solves for increased rates of AIDS transmission. Emerita Farr 2005 Sex Trafficking the Global Market in Women and Children. Special 2AC/1AR/2AR Tricks: Critiques free trade with Empire. Claims both micropolitical and plan action is gained through vote for the affirmative. CSU Northridge CL @ Gonzaga Round 2: Aff VS. Texas (Austin) SS NONE DISCLOSED CUNY CUNY--Mike Laspirilla &Timothy Pimble @ Buffalo AIDS Aff’s, Timothy probably has his own tags by now, and might have added a solvency card. I’ll let you or whoever needs to know. But it will pretty much use the same ev as this one, so cites are valid. Jennfier and Ashley may reword tags, but shall be discouraged from doing so. Ob 1 – AIDS in China A. AIDS is spreading at a rapid rate and statistics are underestimated – 10 million by 2010 Gill, 2002 (Bates, Freeman Chair in China Studies, CSIS) B. Chinese officials are blocking the prevention and treatment of HIV, ibid C. AIDS activists are often harassed in China, Davis, 2005 (Sara, The Asian WSJ, 7/4/05) Adv 1 – AIDS A. China slow to react to crisis, Gill 2002 (see above at www.csis.org/hill/ts020909gill.pdf, 9/9/05) B. Floating populations prevent HIV ed. And treatment from working, ibid. C. Even though numbers known, gov’t coverup. Kutcher, 2003 (Norman, Ass prof of History, Syracuse Univ, Syr. Journal of Inat Law and Commerce, Summer, 2003, 30 Syracuse . . .Com 271) D. AIDS explosion consequences for whole world. The Economist, 7/28/05 Adv 2 –Stigma A. The view of AIDS in China as unspeakable victimizes those who have AIDS, Kutcher, 2003 B. Regs regarding disease force individuals to avoid testing, furthering spread, Gill, 2002 C. Marginalization increases HIV spread, Human Rights Watch, 6/05 (www://hrw.org/reports/2005/china0605 D. Discrimination against individuals with HIV violates rights; Gill 2002 E. Rights based approach best, restores dignity. Fidler, 2003; (David, Harvard Env Law Review, Spring 04, 17 harv. Hum. Rts. J. 99) Plan: USFG should dipl and econ pressure PRC to allow NGOs and AIDS activists to direct hiv/aids ed and prevention programs throughout C. (yes, I know no specific pressure, and yeah, we probably have it, but the debaters are all in class now. Call my cell if you’re hitting us and I’ll get the details to you: 347/683-6894 – VIK) Solvency A. The only way to improve h.r. in C is through US econ. Pressure Jingsheng 1997 (Wei, 12/10/97, www.usembassey-israel.org.il/publish/press/global/archive/1997/december/gi11215.htm) B. NGOs work with mass org’s to reach mass population of China Bagaso, Teresita 2000 “NGOs – Key strategic partners in working with AIDs, 27-3-00 China not solve without NGOs, the Economist, 7/28/05 Grassroots activists are best suited with experience, Human Rights Watch, 6/05 In both jv aff’s some cards may be removed internally. I’ll try to update, but they’ll have it for 36 more hours and will play as jv are wont to do. Dartmouth Dartmouth BE @ Buffalo This is the aff disclosure for Dartmouth BE (Brandt and Eklin) and Dartmouth FT (fine and Tufte).  There may be minor changes, for example not reading all of the cards. Observation one - Cross-Strait War Cross-strait Tensions High - China Is Deploying Missiles - Both sides Stepping Up military exercises William Reilly, UPI UN correspondent, 8/17/'5 (ln) Freeze on Political Relations - increased Sorties - Miscalc High Bonnie Glaser, 5 (American Foreign Policy Interest, 27, "Military Confidence Building Measures: Averting Accidents and Building Trust in the Taiwan Strait, pg 91) Much attention....one occur No movement towards cross-strait military cbm's in the squo Monte Bullard, '4 (December, http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/other/straittalk.htm) Confidence-building...CBM agreement. Beijing Assumes Taiwan Will get an Advanced Form of TMD Bates Gill, '2 (www.armscontrol.org/act/2002_01-02/gilljanfeb02.asp) The most...defense treaty The Possibility of a TMD destroys the Incentive for Beijing to Engage in C-S CBMS Paul Godwin, and Evan S. Medeiros, 2000 (September, Current History, "China, America, and Missile Defense, p. 297-8) Expansion of econ ties doesn't solve the mpx Bonnie Glaser, '3 (Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse, Edited by Zagoria) The expansion...the mainland Lack of C-S dialogue makes the situation Fraught with the potential for miscalculation South China Morning Post 4/28/'4 (ln) Washington, trying....might miscalculate Miscalculation Escalates Nancy Tucker, 2000 (http://taiwansecurity.org/IS/Tucker-0322400.htm) The real...the region War will erupt in 2008 once good will evaporates Andy Peterson, '4 (Spring, Washington Quarterly, ln) A Passive...to adapt Taiwan War goes Nuclear Ching Cheong, 2000 (Strait Times, June 25, ln) Volatile Relations makes TW Strait the Most Dangerous Flashpoint Chen-yi Lin, 01 (American Foreign Policy Interests, Confidence Building Measures in the Taiwan Strait, no. 23, p. 87) Taiwan is the most likely area of wmd use - its resolution determines a world of global war or peace John F. Copper, '2 (Taiwan in Troubled Times: Essays on the Chen Shu-bain Presidency, ed. Copper, p. 17) The United States Federal Government should offer the People's Republic of China a binding guarantee that the United States will not transfer upper-level theater missile defense systems to Taiwan if the People's Republic of China enters into military confidence building measures with Taiwan Solvency The US should Guarantee the PRC it will not sell the ROC an Uper-Tier TMD in Exchange for PRC Engagement in Cross-strait CBM's Kenneth Lieberthal, '1 (March, www.brookings.edu/comm/policybriefs/pb72.htm) The U.S. ... this issue China has made it clear it will support the plan's quid-pro-quo - Us action is the deciding factor Brad Glosserman, '5 ("Cross-Strait Confidence Building Measures", Issues and Insights, Vol. 5 - No. 2, February, p. 12) Cbms leave the option open for both sides - minimal action will set the stage for larger cbm's Kenneth M. Allen, '99 (ww.stimson.org/japan/pdf/cbmapstraits.pdf) Several types of CBMs...for reconciliation Taiwan on Board for CBM's - Both Sides Support 'em Wen-Chung Chai, 2k3 (Autumn, "Establishing Military confidence building measures across the Taiwan Strait: Theory and Practice", Taiwan Defense Affairs, Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 19-20) CBM's Boost trust and Increase communication Bonnie Glaser, '1 (American Foreign Policy Interests, No. 23, "US-China Relations: Moving Forward", p. 361) Both Sides Have multiple reasons to support Cbm's Bonnie Glaser, '3 (Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse, Edited by Zagoria, p. 169-170) Dartmouth BE (Caroline Brandt & Kate Eklin) @ Richmond Observation one - Cross-Strait War Cross-strait Tensions High - China Is Deploying Missiles - Both sides Stepping Up military exercises William Reilly, UPI UN correspondent, 8/17/'5 (ln) Freeze on Political Relations - increased Sorties - Miscalc High Bonnie Glaser, 5 (American Foreign Policy Interest, 27, "Military Confidence Building Measures: Averting Accidents and Building Trust in the Taiwan Strait, pg 91) Much attention....one occur No movement towards cross-strait military cbm's in the squo Monte Bullard, '4 (December, http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/other/straittalk.htm) Confidence-building...CBM agreement. Beijing Assumes Taiwan Will get an Advanced Form of TMD Bates Gill, '2 (www.armscontrol.org/act/2002_01-02/gilljanfeb02.asp) The most...defense treaty The Possibility of a TMD destroys the Incentive for Beijing to Engage in C-S CBMS Paul Godwin, and Evan S. Medeiros, 2000 (September, Current History, "China, America, and Missile Defense, p. 297-8) Expansion of econ ties doesn't solve the mpx Bonnie Glaser, '3 (Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse, Edited by Zagoria) The expansion...the mainland Lack of C-S dialogue makes the situation Fraught with the potential for miscalculation South China Morning Post 4/28/'4 (ln) Washington, trying....might miscalculate Miscalculation Escalates Nancy Tucker, 2000 ( http://taiwansecurity.org/IS/Tucker-0322400.htm ) The real...the region War will erupt in 2008 once good will evaporates Andy Peterson, '4 (Spring, Washington Quarterly, ln) A Passive...to adapt Taiwan War goes Nuclear Ching Cheong, 2000 (Strait Times, June 25, ln) Volatile Relations makes TW Strait the Most Dangerous Flashpoint Chen-yi Lin, 01 (American Foreign Policy Interests, Confidence Building Measures in the Taiwan Strait, no. 23, p. 87) Taiwan is the most likely area of wmd use - its resolution determines a world of global war or peace John F. Copper, '2 (Taiwan in Troubled Times: Essays on the Chen Shu-bain Presidency, ed. Copper, p. 17) The United States Federal Government should offer the People's Republic of China a binding guarantee that the United States will not transfer upper-level theater missile defense systems to Taiwan if the People's Republic of China enters into military confidence building measures with Taiwan Solvency The US should Guarantee the PRC it will not sell the ROC an Uper-Tier TMD in Exchange for PRC Engagement in Cross-strait CBM's Kenneth Lieberthal, '1 (March, www.brookings.edu/comm/policybriefs/pb72.htm) The U.S. ... this issue China has made it clear it will support the plan's quid-pro-quo - Us action is the deciding factor Brad Glosserman, '5 ("Cross-Strait Confidence Building Measures", Issues and Insights, Vol. 5 - No. 2, February, p. 12) Cbms leave the option open for both sides - minimal action will set the stage for larger cbm's Kenneth M. Allen, '99 (ww.stimson.org/japan/pdf/cbmapstraits.pdf) Several types of CBMs...for reconciliation Taiwan on Board for CBM's - Both Sides Support 'em Wen-Chung Chai, 2k3 (Autumn, "Establishing Military confidence building measures across the Taiwan Strait: Theory and Practice", Taiwan Defense Affairs, Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 19-20) CBM's Boost trust and Increase communication Bonnie Glaser, '1 (American Foreign Policy Interests, No. 23, "US-China Relations: Moving Forward", p. 361) Both Sides Have multiple reasons to support Cbm's Bonnie Glaser, '3 (Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse, Edited by Zagoria, p. 169-170) Dartmouth BM Aff Round # 8 Shirley vs Team: emory gp Judge: varant Plan Text same 1ac w/ cites same 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Apocalypse Advantage Answers 1. Aids metaphor is bad now- based entirely on apocalypse, Bush administration is doing this. CP Doesn’t solve. Even if you die when you have it, CP metaphors bad, makes life lifeless, fear of disease means jump from apocalyptic disaster from others. 2. military metaphor bad- people in china can’t get access. 3. fear --> quarantining and living life badly. 4. don't do new metaphors, just re-politicize it, valuable in that context. 5. china say yes- plan better over CP because better metaphor Bare Life Advantage Answers 1. Heinz is missing the points, all human rights are political, humanitariasnims how its framed makes human rights only bare life. Managerialism, western governments are incorrectly applying, your author concludes aff- Heinz in 05 AT: Butler 2. don’t endorse suffering, allowing bush to claim maintaining right to health. The way bush categories entire population Give aid Counterplan Answers 1. worse than both, pretends effective characterization humanitarianism 2. absolutist morality, 3. still creates apocalypse described by Sontag, small apocalypse 4. perm – do both, health advocacy 5. do the CP, CP is just plan + 6. fiddler ev- global health evidence, hard to say because mere biological life focus X 7. 1ac kirstner- health intervention despite intention short term, imp question is deprioritization, extermination makes extinction inev. 8. bare life ends of X 9. placing ethics over, n/b question of moral obligation Micer 05 b) plan solves that ev back, by changing how we frame the debate. 10. no more quarantine- still the same structures Patten 90 11. china denies right to health, destruction of the people at the margins Young 02 12. by asserting political rights back into the agenda. CITES: AT: engagement CP 1. politicization through tech assistance doesn’t effectively implode the gap between politics and humanitarianism Daniel warner 3/31/99 http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JPT3 “all this seems rather obvious” and “refugee camps” K! of HIV/Aids metaphor Sontag 89 AIDS and its metaphors, pg. 182-3 AT: heins votes neg 1. heins misses the point. The key question is how humanitarianism is FRAMED. Bush’s framing of aid as a-politicalerases the politics inherent in all aid 2. the neg is right that heins doesn’t think our kritik of humanitarianism applies to a lot of NGOs. But, heins DOES conclude that western governments are wrong because they try to talk about humanitarianism outside of politics Volker heins 5/1/05 German law journal again “the distinction between politics” and “endeavors” Global right to health fails- it enables mss violence Cindy patton 2002 Globalizing AIDS theory out of bounds vol 22 univ of mn press p 112-3 “although the tropical model” and “health policy” Neg reduces decision to calculation by valuing life as bare life Jenny edkins Whose hunger 2000 pg. 36-39 Placing ethics over politics makes systemic violence ethically justified Meister Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Dartmouth BM Aff Round #5 Shirley vs Team: Emory HH Judge: Morales Plan Text The United States Federal Government should condition United States Federal Government financial assistance for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome to the People’s Republic of China on a commitment by the People’s Republic of China to eliminate compulsory HIV and AIDS testing and HIV and AIDS-related quarantine in the People’s Republic of China. 1ac w/ cites Contention One - Inherency The Bush administration gives assistance to the People’s Republic of China for combating HIV/AIDS. This assistance is a major symbol of the United States’ commitment and pressure on China to help secure humanity from the global epidemic. United Press International 6/9/05 Randall Tobias, Washington’s top … discrimination sufferers face. The Bush administration basis for AIDS relief frames individual lives in terms of their contribution to the health of global humanity Bush, President, and Nigerian President Obasanjo, 2001, www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/05/20010511-1.html The devastation across … and related diseases. The PRC's desire to contain the disease leads to surveillance of the population. Specifically targeted groups are repeatedly tested for HIV without choice, and the results are hidden from them. Human Rights Watch '3 ("Locked Doors: The Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS in China" http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/china0803/china0903full.pdf) In China, statistics on HIV/AIDS are compiled from "sentinel surveillance" sites that carry out HIV tests on persons in targeted groups once or twice a year. ... availability of treatment and medical follow-up."314 The PRC quarantines people with HIV/AIDS because they also view the disease as an emergency epidemic. The specter of detention is used to contain the disease and control the population. Human Rights Watch '3 (Locked Doors: The Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS in China" http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/china0803/china0903full.pdf) One of the most disturbing forms of legal discrimination in China is the loophole permitting quarantine of people with HIV/AIDS during testing or for treatment. ...HIV-positive person to speak, it was on the condition that he not take meals together with other participants.237 Contention Two - Apocalypse The national security framing of HIV/AIDS establishes an apocalyptic threat to our nation's survival. The quarantines and detention in China are part and parcel of this apocalyptic narrative of the disease. Susan Sontag, Famous Author and Playwright, '89 AIDS and Its Metaphors p. 168-173 The emergency framing of AIDS turns life into Apocalypse-From-Now-On. This discourse tempts us to enjoy the projected apocalypse in our debate games while blinding us to everyday destruction. Susan Sontag, Famous Author and Playwright, '89 AIDS and Its Metaphors p. 175-180 The apocalyptic mindset pervades the debate activity. AIDS securitization parallels the narrative pleasure we get from reading impacts from nuclear war to the aliens. This process turns the subject, whether it be debaters or the American population, into apocalyptic bodies whose lives have meaning only insofar as they achieve ultimate health. Elana Gomel, Head of English Dept @ Tel Aviv University, Winter 2K (Twentieth Century Literature Vol 46 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_4_46/ai_75141042) In the secular apocalyptic visions that have proliferated wildly in the last 200 years, the world has been destroyed by nuclear wars, alien invasions, climatic changes, social upheavals, meteor strikes, and technological shutdowns. ... Their impossible combination produces a clash of two distinct plot modalities. Contention Three - Bare Life The Bush administration's AIDS assistance is framed as an intervention in global health for the sake of humanity. David P. Fidler, Professor of Law @ Indiana U School of Law Bloomington, Spring '4 (Harvard Environmental Law Review, "Fighting the Axis of Illness") To paraphrase the Bush Administration, its approach to the HIV/AIDS pandemic is "based on a distinctly American internationalism that reflects ... post-Westphalian connection between health and human rights. This supposedly neutral appeal to global humanity establishes hidden conditions on recipients to abide by a specific biopolitical world order. Jess Whyte, Ph.D Candidate - Monash University, Comp Lit & Cultural Studies, Archived by Archive.com 6/8/04 (Google cached 8/9/05, http://stateofemergency.nomasters.org/reader/human.html, "The Human is a Battleground") If today biopolitics increasingly operates on a global scale, taking all the people of the globe as a population to be monitored, ordered, ... this geopolitical project, or even challenges the benevolence or desirability of a US empire, is quickly written out of the sphere of humanity. The Bush administration's separation of humanitarian assistance from explicit conditions on aid uses the right to life to trump political rights. This framing stabilizes human rights as solely the right to biological life. Volker Heins, Visiting Professor - Frankfurt University, 5/1/05 [Gendered Language Is Intentional] (http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=598, German Law Journal No 5) Agamben maintains that since the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 the "bare life" of the individual has been subjected to a twofold move: it was ... is to say, the pure space of exception-is the biopolitical paradigm that it cannot master.[7] Rights based on biological life makes the right to life the supreme goal of politics. Jess Whyte, Ph.D Candidate - Monash University, Comp Lit & Cultural Studies, Archived by Archive.com 6/8/04 (Google cached 8/9/05, http://stateofemergency.nomasters.org/reader/human.html, "The Human is a Battleground") >From Aristotle to Arendt, classical political thinkers have sought to delimit politics, setting it apart from mere life, which, they argued, was an ... the state order, thus offering a new and more dreadful foundation for the very sovereign power from which they wanted to liberate themselves.4 The right to life as security of biological life mandates perpetual Apocalypse. Coviello (the one everyone reads) Plan: The United States Federal Government should condition the United States Federal Government's bilateral and multilateral assistance for human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome to the People's Republic of China on a commitment to eliminate forced HIV and AIDS testing and HIV and AIDS-related quarantine in the People's Republic of China. Contention Three: The Ballot The US should condition aid on explicitly normative political goals. This conditionality reveals the current criteria that secretly conditions aid on biopolitical criteria. Alex J. Bellamy, Senior Lecturer in Peace and Conflict Studies - University of Queensland, '2 (International Journal of Human Rights, Vol 6/4 Winter, "What's So Wrong with Human Rights?") According to Chandler, the effect of this broadening and deepening of humanitarianism is wholly negative and operates in three primary ways. First, the new human rights agenda challenges the assumption that there is a universal right to relief in times of disaster. Second, it diminishes ... provision of material support for ethnic cleansing, and the direct and indirect provision of food, drugs, cash, vehicles and other assets to the perpetrators of human wrongs.11 Political rights are the best way to contest the current framing of AIDS assistance. Requiring political rights undermines the neutral framing of human rights as the security of bare life from the AIDS apocalypse. Ulrike Kistner, Department of Comparative Literature, University of the Witwatersrand 5/11/04 (http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/biopolitics%20-%20kirstner.PDF) [this card is like 4 pages] However, this is not simply a matter of a limited domain of application of Foucault's notion of power. The internal limitation is framed by an external one, which is shared by his postcolonial adepts. What conditions the internal limitation, I would want to argue, is a theoretical disavowal. ... without rendering it indistinct. "... [O]nly a reflection that ... thematically interrogates the link between bare life and politics ... will be able bring the political out of its concealment and, at the same time, return thought to its practical calling" (Agamben 1998: 4-5). some 2ac stuff: -we usually kritik d/a's in 2ac, but we don't read more cards usually. we just say apocalyptic rhetoric makes life lifeless, narrative pleasure in disaster bad, apocalyptic framing leads to perpetual apocalypse. AT: Guaranteed Assistance Pure compassion and absolute security are flip sides of the same coin. Both rely on an implicit emergency framework that depoliticizes life. Craig Calhoun, Professor of the Social Sciences at NYU, Nov '4 (Canadian Review of Sociology & Anthropology 41.1, "A World of Emergencies") "We have seen also how the idea of emergency informs " AT: But We Don't Use Apocalyptic Rhetoric Voting neg doesn't solve the advantage. We cannot just abstain from using apocalyptic rhetoric - we need to actively intervene into apocalyptic discourses in practice. Susan Sontag, Famous Author and Playwright, '89 AIDS and Its Metaphors, p. 181-2 "That even an apocalypse can be made to seem part of the ordinary horizon of expectation " The key question for debate is the performative effect of our advocacies Jessica J. Kulynych, Winthrop U Prof of Poli Sci, Polity, Winter 1997 v30 n2 p315(32) "Performing politics: Foucault, Habermas, and postmodern participation" "Performative resistance recognizes disciplinary power, enables action in the face of that power, enables innovation in deliberation, and thus " We should reframe the discourse of assistance within the practice of assistance. James K. Boyce, Director @ Political Economy Research Institute,'2 ("Unpacking Aid" Development and Change 33(2): 239-246) "To analyse aid's catalytic role " The prioritization of right to life within human rights enables perpetual purification of the population in the name of biological security. Ulrike Kistner, Department of Comparative Literature, University of the Witwatersrand 5/11/04 (http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/biopolitics%20-%20kirstner.PDF) "While acknowledging a multiplicity of actors and forms of power, ... Biologised racism "establishes a positive relation between the right to kill and the assurance of life" (Stoler 1995: 84). " Effective politicization must BEGIN with the distinction between bare life and political life. The [engage] CP begins with the political negotiations required to get China to comply, but the plan begins with a criticism of the separation of political conditions and neutral assistance. Daniel Warner, Deputy to the Director for External Relations and Special Programs, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Switzerland, 3/31/99 (http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JPT3) "All this seems rather obvious and is contained " Turn: Bracketing. The CP separates the economic assistance from the political requirement. This risks future de-politicization since continued aid is prioritized over its ideological framing. Craig Calhoun, Professor of the Social Sciences at NYU, Nov '4 (Canadian Review of Sociology & Anthropology 41.1, "A World of Emergencies") "I want to note a few other features of the emergency imaginary. ... impact, efficacy, and efficiency of humanitarian assistance." The CP's guaranteed assistance de-politicizes the aid and undermines the agency of the recipients. Craig Calhoun, Professor of the Social Sciences at NYU, Nov '4 (Canadian Review of Sociology & Anthropology 41.1, "A World of Emergencies") 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Answers To Off Case Args Answers To Major Case Args 1ar Strategy Notes 2ar Strategy Notes Dartmouth BM Aff Round #2 Shirley vs Team: Mary Washington WS Judge: Brian Schrader - Denver Plan Text Hence the plan: The United States Federal Government should condition United States Federal Government financial assistance for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome to the People’s Republic of China on a commitment by the People’s Republic of China to eliminate compulsory HIV and AIDS testing and HIV and AIDS-related quarantine in the People’s Republic of China. 1ac w/ cites Same, except no Fidler cards. The same claims are made with UPI c/9 “Tobias, Washington’s top diplomat in the war” and Bush on whitehouse.gov “the devastation across the globe left…”. Also, Heins card is replaced by another card from Kistner which starts, “I would like to point to a new role of the state…” 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, Nothing new, Terror Talk (Der Derian 02, http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/der_derian_text_only.htm) Relations conflicts don’t spill over (State Department, 11/9/05 “As the bilateral relationship has matured, the consul…”) Answers To Off Case Args DA links to case harms, and analytical no-link arguments Pressure now on Yuan (The Frontrunner 11/10/05 – “Bush is increasing pressure on China…”) Answers To Major Case Args A2: K of no value to life – Moore 05 (http://aspen.conncoll.edu/politicsandculture/pagefn?key=375 “Buttler seems to be trying to out-Agamben Agamben” 1ar Strategy Notes Kicks terror talk 2ar Strategy Notes According to the 1ar, the 2ar is slow, mumbles, and smells bad… Dartmouth BM Pre Shirley Here's our newest 1AC: Contention One - Apocalypse The United States currently gives HIV/AIDS assistance to the People's Republic of China because AIDS has been determined an apocalyptic threat to humanity. David P. Fidler, Professor of Law @ Indiana U School of Law Bloomington, Spring '4 (Harvard Environmental Law Review, "Fighting the Axis of Illness") The Bush Administration's neoconservative perspective on HIV/AIDS raises many questions about how this approach will affect the global effort to contain HIV/AIDS. ... President Bush echoed the strategic nature of the Emergency Plan when he compared it to the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Airlift, and the Peace Corps. n171 The PRC quarantines people with HIV/AIDS because they also view the disease as an emergency epidemic. The specter of detention is used to contain the disease and control the population. Human Rights Watch '3 (Locked Doors: The Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS in China" http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/china0803/china0903full.pdf) One of the most disturbing forms of legal discrimination in China is the loophole permitting quarantine of people with HIV/AIDS during testing or for treatment. ...HIV-positive person to speak, it was on the condition that he not take meals together with other participants.237 The PRC's desire to contain the disease leads to surveillance of the population. Specifically targeted groups are repeatedly tested for HIV without choice, and the results are hidden from them. Human Rights Watch '3 ("Locked Doors: The Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS in China" http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/china0803/china0903full.pdf) In China, statistics on HIV/AIDS are compiled from "sentinel surveillance" sites that carry out HIV tests on persons in targeted groups once or twice a year. ... availability of treatment and medical follow-up."314 The national security framing of HIV/AIDS establishes an apocalyptic threat to our nation's survival. The quarantines and detention in China are part and parcel of this apocalyptic narrative of the disease. Susan Sontag, Famous Author and Playwright, '89 AIDS and Its Metaphors p. 168-173 The emergency framing of AIDS turns life into Apocalypse-From-Now-On. This discourse tempts us to enjoy the projected apocalypse in our debate games while blinding us to everyday destruction. Susan Sontag, Famous Author and Playwright, '89 AIDS and Its Metaphors p. 175-180 The apocalyptic mindset pervades the debate activity. AIDS securitization parallels the narrative pleasure we get from reading impacts from nuclear war to the aliens. This process turns the subject, whether it be debaters or the American population, into apocalyptic bodies whose lives have meaning only insofar as they achieve ultimate health. Elana Gomel, Head of English Dept @ Tel Aviv University, Winter 2K (Twentieth Century Literature Vol 46 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_4_46/ai_75141042) In the secular apocalyptic visions that have proliferated wildly in the last 200 years, the world has been destroyed by nuclear wars, alien invasions, climatic changes, social upheavals, meteor strikes, and technological shutdowns. ... Their impossible combination produces a clash of two distinct plot modalities. Contention Two: Bare Life The Bush administration's AIDS assistance is framed as an intervention in global health for the sake of humanity. David P. Fidler, Professor of Law @ Indiana U School of Law Bloomington, Spring '4 (Harvard Environmental Law Review, "Fighting the Axis of Illness") To paraphrase the Bush Administration, its approach to the HIV/AIDS pandemic is "based on a distinctly American internationalism that reflects ... post-Westphalian connection between health and human rights. This supposedly neutral appeal to global humanity establishes hidden conditions on recipients to abide by a specific biopolitical world order. Jess Whyte, Ph.D Candidate - Monash University, Comp Lit & Cultural Studies, Archived by Archive.com 6/8/04 (Google cached 8/9/05, http://stateofemergency.nomasters.org/reader/human.html, "The Human is a Battleground") If today biopolitics increasingly operates on a global scale, taking all the people of the globe as a population to be monitored, ordered, ... this geopolitical project, or even challenges the benevolence or desirability of a US empire, is quickly written out of the sphere of humanity. The Bush administration's separation of humanitarian assistance from explicit conditions on aid uses the right to life to trump political rights. This framing stabilizes human rights as solely the right to biological life. Volker Heins, Visiting Professor - Frankfurt University, 5/1/05 [Gendered Language Is Intentional] (http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=598, German Law Journal No 5) Agamben maintains that since the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 the "bare life" of the individual has been subjected to a twofold move: it was ... is to say, the pure space of exception-is the biopolitical paradigm that it cannot master.[7] Rights based on biological life makes the right to life the supreme goal of politics. Jess Whyte, Ph.D Candidate - Monash University, Comp Lit & Cultural Studies, Archived by Archive.com 6/8/04 (Google cached 8/9/05, http://stateofemergency.nomasters.org/reader/human.html, "The Human is a Battleground") >From Aristotle to Arendt, classical political thinkers have sought to delimit politics, setting it apart from mere life, which, they argued, was an ... the state order, thus offering a new and more dreadful foundation for the very sovereign power from which they wanted to liberate themselves.4 The right to life as security of biological life mandates perpetual Apocalypse. Coviello (the one everyone reads) Plan: The United States Federal Government should condition the United States Federal Government's bilateral and multilateral assistance for human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome to the People's Republic of China on a commitment to eliminate forced HIV and AIDS testing and HIV and AIDS-related quarantine in the People's Republic of China. Contention Three: The Ballot The US should condition aid on explicitly normative political goals. This conditionality reveals the current criteria that secretly conditions aid on biopolitical criteria. Alex J. Bellamy, Senior Lecturer in Peace and Conflict Studies - University of Queensland, '2 (International Journal of Human Rights, Vol 6/4 Winter, "What's So Wrong with Human Rights?") According to Chandler, the effect of this broadening and deepening of humanitarianism is wholly negative and operates in three primary ways. First, the new human rights agenda challenges the assumption that there is a universal right to relief in times of disaster. Second, it diminishes ... provision of material support for ethnic cleansing, and the direct and indirect provision of food, drugs, cash, vehicles and other assets to the perpetrators of human wrongs.11 Political rights are the best way to contest the current framing of AIDS assistance. Requiring political rights undermines the neutral framing of human rights as the security of bare life from the AIDS apocalypse. Ulrike Kistner, Department of Comparative Literature, University of the Witwatersrand 5/11/04 (http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/biopolitics%20-%20kirstner.PDF) [this card is like 4 pages] However, this is not simply a matter of a limited domain of application of Foucault's notion of power. The internal limitation is framed by an external one, which is shared by his postcolonial adepts. What conditions the internal limitation, I would want to argue, is a theoretical disavowal. ... without rendering it indistinct. "... [O]nly a reflection that ... thematically interrogates the link between bare life and politics ... will be able bring the political out of its concealment and, at the same time, return thought to its practical calling" (Agamben 1998: 4-5). some 2ac stuff: -we usually kritik d/a's in 2ac, but we don't read more cards usually. we just say apocalyptic rhetoric makes life lifeless, narrative pleasure in disaster bad, apocalyptic framing leads to perpetual apocalypse. AT: Guaranteed Assistance Pure compassion and absolute security are flip sides of the same coin. Both rely on an implicit emergency framework that depoliticizes life. Craig Calhoun, Professor of the Social Sciences at NYU, Nov '4 (Canadian Review of Sociology & Anthropology 41.1, "A World of Emergencies") "We have seen also how the idea of emergency informs " AT: But We Don't Use Apocalyptic Rhetoric Voting neg doesn't solve the advantage. We cannot just abstain from using apocalyptic rhetoric - we need to actively intervene into apocalyptic discourses in practice. Susan Sontag, Famous Author and Playwright, '89 AIDS and Its Metaphors, p. 181-2 "That even an apocalypse can be made to seem part of the ordinary horizon of expectation " The key question for debate is the performative effect of our advocacies Jessica J. Kulynych, Winthrop U Prof of Poli Sci, Polity, Winter 1997 v30 n2 p315(32) "Performing politics: Foucault, Habermas, and postmodern participation" "Performative resistance recognizes disciplinary power, enables action in the face of that power, enables innovation in deliberation, and thus " We should reframe the discourse of assistance within the practice of assistance. James K. Boyce, Director @ Political Economy Research Institute,'2 ("Unpacking Aid" Development and Change 33(2): 239-246) "To analyse aid's catalytic role " The prioritization of right to life within human rights enables perpetual purification of the population in the name of biological security. Ulrike Kistner, Department of Comparative Literature, University of the Witwatersrand 5/11/04 (http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/biopolitics%20-%20kirstner.PDF) "While acknowledging a multiplicity of actors and forms of power, ... Biologised racism "establishes a positive relation between the right to kill and the assurance of life" (Stoler 1995: 84). " Effective politicization must BEGIN with the distinction between bare life and political life. The [engage] CP begins with the political negotiations required to get China to comply, but the plan begins with a criticism of the separation of political conditions and neutral assistance. Daniel Warner, Deputy to the Director for External Relations and Special Programs, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Switzerland, 3/31/99 (http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JPT3) "All this seems rather obvious and is contained " Turn: Bracketing. The CP separates the economic assistance from the political requirement. This risks future de-politicization since continued aid is prioritized over its ideological framing. Craig Calhoun, Professor of the Social Sciences at NYU, Nov '4 (Canadian Review of Sociology & Anthropology 41.1, "A World of Emergencies") "I want to note a few other features of the emergency imaginary. ... impact, efficacy, and efficiency of humanitarian assistance." The CP's guaranteed assistance de-politicizes the aid and undermines the agency of the recipients. Craig Calhoun, Professor of the Social Sciences at NYU, Nov '4 (Canadian Review of Sociology & Anthropology 41.1, "A World of Emergencies") Dartmouth BM Aff Round ? GSU Vs. team name: MSU AR Judged by: Spring Plan Text: see caselist 1AC w/ cites Answers to Politic (w/ key cites) Non-U and Link turns Case OW Answers to Nationalism (w/ key cites) Democracy doesn’t solve the case China doesn’t cater to nationalist trends Nationalism won’t spiral out of control Nationalism increasing now Answers to Engagement Counterplan (w/ key cites) Cp is a forced choice the judge should refuse the choice Chaloupka Gibson Graham economic incentive bad Perm do both CP doesn’t solve link to politics Conditions Key Policy making change more important ?? Kulnych Answers to Topicality and is both together (w/ key cites) We meet 1ar Strategy notes A lot of framework, good concessions to take out politics Some zizek cards 2ar Strategy notes Framework Cp doesn’t solve Dartmouth BM Hunter Brooks & David Marks @ GSU Contention One – Apocalypse The United States currently gives HIV/AIDS assistance to the People’s Republic of China because AIDS has been determined a global emergency and a national security threat that threatens the homeland with apocalypse. David P. Fidler, Professor of Law @ Indiana U School of Law Bloomington, Spring ‘4 (Harvard Environmental Law Review, “Fighting the Axis of Illness”) “The Bush Administration's position that the HIV/AIDS pandemic threatens U.S. strategic interests echoes arguments developed during the Clinton Administration.” The PRC quarantines people with HIV/AIDS because they also view the disease as an emergency epidemic. The specter of detention is used to contain the disease and control the population. Human Rights Watch ‘3 (Locked Doors: The Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS in China” http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/china0803/china0903full.pdf) “One of the most disturbing forms of legal discrimination in China is the loophole” The PRC’s desire to contain the disease leads to surveillance of the population. Specifically targeted groups are repeatedly tested for HIV without choice, and the results are hidden from them. Human Rights Watch ‘3 (“Locked Doors: The Human Rights of People Living with HIV/AIDS in China” http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/china0803/china0903full.pdf) “In China, statistics on HIV/AIDS are compiled” The detentions and policing of HIV/AIDS threats in China cannot be separated from its emergency framing. The same national security emergency discourse that motivates the US assistance underlies the PRC response to the disease. Cindy Patton, Department of Sociology and Anthropology @ SFU, ’90 Inventing AIDS The national security framing of HIV/AIDS establishes an apocalyptic threat to our nation’s survival. The quarantines and detention in China are part and parcel of this apocalyptic narrative of the disease. Susan Sontag, Famous Author and Playwright, ’89 AIDS and Its Metaphors The apocalyptic, emergency framing of AIDS causes numbing to everyday, systemic violence. Susan Sontag, Famous Author and Playwright, ’89 AIDS and Its Metaphors The emergency framing of AIDS turns life into Apocalypse-From-Now-On. This discourse tempts us to enjoy the projected apocalypse in our debate games while blinding us to everyday destruction. Susan Sontag, Famous Author and Playwright, ’89 AIDS and Its Metaphors The apocalyptic mindset pervades the debate activity. AIDS securitization parallels the narrative pleasure we get from reading impacts from nuclear war to the aliens. This process turns the subject, whether it be debaters or the American population, into apocalyptic bodies whose lives have meaning only insofar as they achieve ultimate health. Elana Gomel, Head of English Dept @ Tel Aviv University, Winter 2K (Twentieth Century Literature Vol 46 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_4_46/ai_75141042) “In the secular apocalyptic visions that have proliferated wildly in the last 200 years, the world has been destroyed by nuclear wars, alien invasions, climatic changes, social upheavals, meteor strikes, and technological shutdowns.” Plan: The United States Federal Government should condition bilateral and multilateral assistance for human immunodeficiency virus and autoimmune deficiency syndrome to the People’s Republic of China on a commitment to eliminate forced HIV and AIDS testing and HIV and AIDS-related quarantine in the People’s Republic of China. Contention Two: The Ballot You should vote aff to contest the securitization in AIDS assistance. We should reframe the discourse of assistance within the practice of assistance. James K. Boyce, Director @ Political Economy Research Institute,’2 (“Unpacking Aid” Development and Change 33(2): 239-246) “To analyse aid's catalytic role” Pure compassion and absolute security are flip sides of the same coin. Both rely on an implicit emergency framework that depoliticizes life. Craig Calhoun, Professor of the Social Sciences at NYU, Nov ‘4 (Canadian Review of Sociology & Anthropology 41.1, “A World of Emergencies”) “We have seen also how the idea of emergency informs” We must understand our own complicity within systems of AIDS discrimination. We cannot merely replace security with pure humanitarianism. Cindy Patton, Department of Sociology and Anthropology @ SFU, ’90 Inventing AIDS Adding explicit political requirements on US assistance is thus the best way to re-politicize AIDS assistance. Given the Bush administration and the PRC’s claim to act in the name of pure life, we should add political requirements to recognize that securing life is never politically neutral. Advocating the plan is key to move AIDS assistance away from the emergency mindset that prioritizes life’s security above political contestation. Ulrike Kistner, Department of Comparative Literature, University of the Witwatersrand 5/11/04 (http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/biopolitics%20-%20kirstner.PDF) “It is worth examining what happens in the process” We cannot merely abstain from emergency framing. We should actively reframe AIDS discourse by challenging the stigmatization and de-politicization that results from its emergency framing. Sontag 89 The PRC would agree to make external commitments if the US conditions its assistance. Huang ‘03 Dartmouth CK @ Buffalo Disclosure for Dartmouth CK No plan. Western metaphysics colonizes the way we debate Inherency, Harms, Solvency - 3 part solution for every problem if only we could perfect our research methods Positivism = expert perspectives on the world from above Resolution has always been interpreted as a call to action No questioning of the rational acting subject, reinforces the ego Poem about fixed identity, linking it from self to national identity Pre-occupation with acting based on the securitization of the self, cartesian thought fears Debate preoccupied with a certain form of research and a certain form of predictability. A one dimensional way of knowledge production Encourages a blind faith in productivity jesse vega-frey, a Buddhist Peace Fellowship activist  2005, Love Justice and Radical Non-Doing, http://www.bpf.org/html/resources_and_links/statements/vegafrey.html No debater is completely colonized, everyone is a mix of different forces and flows A question of how we understand our identity Do not kill the resolution by pinning it down to a call to action, establishes a certain vision of the debate community Resolution is poetry, is living language, makes connections to everyone and everything Should in the resolution applies to all of the words, makes all of them ethical questions Affirming the rez is like self affirmation, it doesn't require action It affirms our interconnection to the resolution Disrupt the everyday colonization of debate by forging a counter narrative of the resolution Dartmouth CS Aff Round Octos Shirley vs Team: Georgia CR Judge: Plan Text The United States Federal Government should require all honey exporters from the People’s Republic of China to post cash deposits instead of bonds for payment of antidumping duties. 1ac w/ cites Contention 1: Tunnel China and Taiwan are considering a tunnel – more efforts are needed. People’s Daily, 11/8/05, online, “This is the fifth time that exports……more efforts in the east bank of the Straits.” Contention 2: Can The Tunnel Be Used for SPARK? Nuclear war won’t cause extinction. Martin, 1982, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 19, No. 4, online, “To summarise the above points…..as if this possibility does not exist.” Nuclear war doesn’t hurt the environment. Jack Greene, 1982, The Apocalyptic Premise, p. ? A 1963 report of a study by a committee of the National Academy of Sciences states, “Ecological imbalances that would make normal life impossible are not to be expected.” A 1969 update, conducted under the auspicies…….definition of catastrophe.” Food and water wouldn’t be too radiated. Cresson Kearny, Nuclear War Survival Skills, 1999, “Myth: So much food and water will …. Later in this book.” Irradiated food and water wouldn’t be a problem. Jack C. Greene, same site as above Radiological contamination of food and water would not be a serious complicating factor. With simpole precaustions people could avoid use of food and water with excessive contamination levels. Most people would not b e affected to any significant extent. Objective scientific evidence proves nuclear war won’t cause extinction. Jack C. Greene, same site as above The argument that a nuclear war could eliminate the human species or bring an end to civilization as we know it has not stood up to the light of objective scientific examination. Contention three: The advantage Subpoint A is Dumping Beekeepers are on the brink of bankruptcy – honey imports from China mean that can’t make a living. Tampa Tribune, 4/3/05 “Like other farmes……American honey and more imports.” Chinese competition is driving US beekeepers out of business Rocky Mountain News, 6/9/01 “Hendricks says he needs 60 cents…….middlemen who are making the money.” China is pushing down honey prices in the status quo Sue Bee Market Information, 6/04, online “The honey market as we all know……as low as 170,000,000 pounds.” Subpoint B is Biodiversity Decreasing bee populations will cause a pollination will causea pollination crisis and kill biodiversity – over 60% fo plants depend on pollination APIS, Vol. 15, No.3, 3/96, online “No efforts to reduce honey bee populations……set due to pollinator scarcity.” Loss of honeybees can collapse entire ecosystems. New Scientist, 2/14/98, lexis “A worldwide decline in bees…….trees pollinated by the bats.” Loss of bees will lead to a cascade of extinction The Independent, 4/1/97 ““Pollination”, explains Hancocks….destruction and chemical disruption.” Decline of commercial beekeeping threatens wild hives too. Washington Post, 5/14/02, lexis “Keith Tignor, the state apiarist for Virginia……and there are now fewer than 30,000” Other pollinators can’t fill in – only the honey bee is a generalist Bee Culture, online, 1/02 “Professional growers are turning to renting……solve all the problems.” Loss of the honeybee will cause human extinction within four years. The Journal News, 2/21/04, lexis [evidence is gender paraphrased] Ron Breland, a West Nyack…..only four years of life left.” Species loss outweighs nuclear war – it will take millions of years to repair. Richard Tobin, The Expendable Future, 1990, p. 22 “Norman Meyers observes, … by destruction of natural habitats.” Subpoint C is Agriculture Commercial beekeeping is in crisis – risking all US agriculture L. John Milam, 5/2/01, online “The beekeeping industry is in dire straits….services fo commercial beekeepers.” Honeybeess key to low food prices. Rocky Mountain Farmers Union, 9/14/2000, online “Wile honey may not seem to be a mainstay……food costs will increase.” Loss of commercial beekeepers will have a domino effect, increasing food prices Rocky Mountain Farmers Union, 9/14/2000, online “We perform a valuable service…..food costs will increase.” High food prices cause billions to starve Tampa Tribune, 1/20/96 Agricutlure is key to the US economy National Associations of State Departments of Agricutlure, 2005, online “The commissioners, secretaries, and directors…..percent of the country’s jobs.” The economy is on the brink – any more disruptions will turn mild stagflation into depression Paul Krugman, Economist, 4/18/05, online “We shouldn’t overstate the case:…….something much more serious.” US key to the world economy – no one else can fill in Korea Herald, 1/27/03, factiva “If the world is to have a decent economic recovery…..is worrisome for two reaons.” Economic stagnation causes nuclear war Mead, 92 Contention Three Solvency: The US had antidumping duties on Chinese honey in the status quo, but Chinese producers that were allowed to post bonds and evade duties forcing them to posting cash prevents evasion. ]Eric H. Smith, 2/4/05, online, Hearing on China and the WTO “While antidumping law is an available trade remedy…….solely to imports from China.” Closing the new shipper loophole is key to prevent beekeepers fr