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ANTHROPOLOGY
Margaret Bender
Fathers and Sons of Indian
Country: Received Cultural Histories of Masculinity and Fatherhood
among Oklahoma Kiowas, Comanches, Apaches,
and Chickasaws
Amount: $2,500
Source: American Philosophical Society, Phillips Fund
From 1998 through 2000, this ethnohistorical component of the American
Indian Fatherhood Project collected 375 interviews with 204 consultants
(80% men and 20% women) from the Kiowa, Comanche, Fort Sill Apache,
and Chickasaw tribes in Oklahoma on the topics of fatherhood and masculinity.
Focus groups from each community, including representatives of tribal
government, worked with researchers to design two interview instruments.
Consultants were asked about influences on their beliefs and practices
related to fatherhood and masculinity, and many hinted at the role
of their own various tribal cultural histories in their shaping.
Dr. Bender will return to Oklahoma to interview the 30 most relevant
consultants about the kinship and marital traditions, gender-related
institutions and concepts, and masculine role models that have shaped
their lives. These more in-depth and open-ended interviews will allow
a detailed exploration of the ethnohistorical differences and similarities
among these communities and contribute to our understanding of Native
American men, whose experience has to date received little scholarly
attention.
Steven Folmar
This project investigates the psychological dimensions of social oppression among three social groups in Nepal; specifically, whether the influence of social status on mental health is moderated by cultural models of society (CMS) by which people believe membership in their social group is essential and immutable or acquired and changeable. Following cross-cultural psychological studies in India and Nepal, the project focuses on CMS effects on depression and anxiety among 13-17-year-olds in three groups; high status (high caste), intermediate status (ethnic group), and low status (Dalit or untouchable). Education, which also has the potential to moderate folk sociologies and influence discriminatory behaviors, is another variable of interest. The sample of 300 respondants will include children of varying educational attainment in an ethnically and caste-diverse area of Nepal (Lamjung) where education is not universal. The sample will be drawn from an economic census and survey of 600 households, which will collect and measure important contextual variables.
- Methodological Development for Research
on Tourism and Social Structure
Awarded $8,050 for the period 5/2/05 to 11/1/05
Source: WFU Social, Behavioral, and Economic Science Research
Fund
This pilot study will field test nine data collection instruments
needed to conduct theoretical work on the effect of
tourism on host community social structure and to field train undergraduate
students. Results will provide preliminary data for
proposals
to the National Science Foundation’s Cultural
Anthropology program and Research Experience for Undergraduates
program
in August 2005. The study will be conducted in Godavari,
a village
in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.
Beverlye Hancock
Documentation of Douglas L. Rights Archaeological
Collection
Awarded $10,000 for the period 12/1/05 to 6/30/06
Source: WFU Social, Behavioral, and Economic Science Research
Fund
Douglas Rights systematically collected and recorded data on North
Carolina archeological sites that are now developed or destroyed.
The WFU Museum of Anthropology (MOA) will enrich its computer database
with basic information on 21,000 objects and other research materials
related to his collection. A public terminal in MOA now provides
access to it, and future goals include a catalogue on Rights and
his collection and web access to the enhanced database.
Ellen Miller
- Paleontological exploration at Buluk, Northern Kenya
Awarded $17,796 for the period 5/26/09 to 8/15/10
Source: Leakey Foundation
Part of the Turkana Basin Institute’s (www.turkanabasin.org) larger Origin of Rift Valley Ecosystems (ORVE) research initiative, the paleontological excavation at Buluk, Kenya, explores one of only a few sites that yield remains of both monkeys and apes from a period after the two groups diverged but before modern lineages evolved. The work contributes directly to understanding human origins. First, understanding the evolution of primitive Old World monkeys and apes increases our ability to interpret the primate context within which humans evolved, and Buluk is uniquely situated to test a hypothesis generated by molecular research against the fossil record. Second, work at Buluk contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of rifting on Oligocene-Miocene regional ecologies; habitat fragmentation during the Miocene may be at the root of the evolution of modern primate and human forms.
- Geology, Paleontology, and Paleobiology of the North African Early Miocene
Awarded $25,360 for the period 9/1/08 to 8/31/09
Source: NSF
This international collaboration aims to enhance our understanding of North African mammalian and primate evolution through geological and paleontological work at Wadi Moghra, an early Miocene site in the Western Desert of Egypt. Dietary and ecological hypotheses derived from studies of dental morphology will be tested against stable isotope analyses. Results will contribute to regional and pan-African interpretations of the transition from archaic to more modern fauna and flora. Broader impacts include: 1) enhancement of a professional partnership between US and Egyptian researchers; 2) training of students, especially Egyptian students, so that vertebrate paleontology can be developed and sustained by Egyptian scientists in their own country; and 3) providing information that can help to balance long-term developmental and economic interests, such as oil and gas exploration, with identifying and preserving areas of scientific, cultural, and tourist value.
- Fossil mammals from Khasm El-Raqaba, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Awarded $13,575 for the period 6/26/08 to 7/15/09
Source: National Geographic Society
Funding supports paleontological and geological fieldwork at Khasm El-Raqaba, Eastern Desert, Egypt, a rich deposit preserving small mammals and reptiles. The initial goal is to determine the age of the fauna. If some prove to be late Eocene-Oligocene (34-23 million years [Ma]), they will be similar in age to fauna from the Fayum, Egypt, and expand our view of Oligocene African faunal evolution. If some are early Miocene (22-18 Ma), they will represent the only known microfauna of that age anywhere in Egypt. If middle-to-late Miocene (11-10 Ma), they will be the same age as the those found at the Sheik Abdullah karst, Western Desert, and comparisons between the two localities will elucidate biodiversity and biogeography as they relate to climate change.
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Geology, Paleontology, and Biogeography of the North African Early
Miocene
Awarded $60,000 for the period 5/1/05 to 4/30/07
Source: NSF, US/Egypt Joint Science and
Technology Fund
This international collaboration investigates
early Miocene North African mammalian and primate evolution.
Two locales in Egypt’s
western desert are critical for our understanding of the earliest
phases of higher primate evolution and for interpreting major mammalian
biogeographic dispersal patterns in the Neogene of the Old World.
Wadi Moghra in the northeastern end of the Qattara Depression is
an important site for primate and mammalian evolution. A suite
of fossil mammals (14 families) have been recovered there, including
one of the world’s earliest known Old World monkeys (Miller,
1999). Moghra also contains the remains of an as yet unnamed
ape (Hominoidea), so it documents the presence of two lineages
shortly
after their initial divergence. Much less is known about the
Siwa oasis. Representatives of four terrestrial mammalian taxa
have
been recovered there (Hamilton, 1973), but the exact location
of the original fossil-bearing beds has been lost.
This project will: 1) study the sedimentology and stratigraphy
of Wadi Moghra to reconstruct the ancient deposits and
link specific fossil materials to them; 2) use the biostratigraphy
of Moghra
to test hypotheses about early Miocene North African mammalian
and primate evolution; and 3) locate, renew collecting,
and tie the stratigraphy of the lost mammals at Siwa to what
is known about
Moghra to gain a better understanding of regional mammalian
evolution in the North African early Miocene. Moghra and
Siwa are particularly
important because, although located in Africa, they are
physically closer to Eurasia, which means they occupy a pivotal
position for
documenting the nature and extent of contact between Miocene
African and Eurasian faunas.
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Adaptive Diversity among the Earliest Known
Old World Monkeys
Awarded $17,675 for the period 1/15/04 to 1/14/05
Source: Leakey Foundation
Buluk, Kenya, is an early-middle Miocene (17 million
years ago) locality that contains the remains of one of the earliest
known Old World monkeys. At present, almost everything known about
their evolution comes from work at a single site, Maboko Island,
Kenya, leaving substantial questions about the range of their
initial adaptations and their divergence from apes. This project
will explore the degree of adaptive diversity and paelobiology
of these earliest cercopithecoid monkeys by collecting new fossils
from the Buluk site and making detailed museum comparisons with
other fossil and extant Old World monkeys. Results will elucidate
the origin and early evolution of Old World monkeys, including
their divergence from apes, and provide a framework within which
to interpret future cercopithecoid discoveries. The Buluk project
will test hypotheses about what constitutes intra- versus interspecific
and generic variation, and the methods used have clear application
to parallel problems in early human evolution. This research is
relevant to the university's mission, Pro Humanitate, as the split
of Old World monkeys from apes was the last major divergence before
the one in which hominids diverged from apes, so that investigations
provide a context within which to interpret the evolution of our
own line.
Jeanne Simonelli
- Childhood Immunizations: Understanding Local and
Global Practice and Perceptions
Awarded $8,400 for the period 5/06 to 5/07
Source: WFU Social, Behavioral,
and Economic Research Fund
This pilot research examines the social and public health implications
of family and community choices about childhood immunizations in
Chiapas, Mexico. Zapatista families systematically reject aid from
the Mexican government, including immunization, yet anecdotal evidence
suggests that they experience very little childhood disease. Acquiring
baseline statistics on the incidence of childhood diseases among
this group is critical to ethical provision of immunization and
has implications for immunization policy.
- Forchheimer Visiting
Professorship at Hebrew University, Jerusalem, spring 2005, to
investigate peace and conflict resolution
- Living Maya Culture and History
Awarded $1,200 for the period 9/6/04 to 10/31/04
Source: North Carolina Humanities Council
(NCHC)
Funds helped to support a two-week visit from FOMMA (Fortaleza
de la Mujer Maya), a Mayan women’s cooperative that uses
original theatrical productions to raise public awareness about
global and local concerns. At Wake Forest and in venues throughout
North Carolina, including public schools, audiences viewed plays
and attended workshops that provided them a historical, religious,
literary, and cultural framework for understanding indigenous
peoples in the Americas, especially in North Carolina.
Paul Thacker
Local Raw Material Variability and Hunter-Gatherer Lithic Economy
in the Portuguese Magdalenian
Awarded $70,059 for the period 1/1/04 to 8/31/05
Source:NSF
This 3-year project investigates how the form, diversity, size,
and abundance of chert, quartz, and quartzite affected Magdalenian
(16,000 - 9,500 BCE) hunter-gatherer stone use in central Portugal.
Previous fieldwork has mapped three valley systems with very different
lithic resources. High-quality, large chert cobbles were exploited
throughout the Paleolithic period in the Rio Maior region in contrast
to the Sor drainage, where no chert sources were found in the survey
area. Quartz and quartzite cobbles are found in stream gravels and
deflated pavements throughout all three valleys, but significantly
larger cobbles characterize the Sor region.
Four Upper Paleolithic open-air campsites will be excavated to obtain
large lithic assemblages with associated radiometric dates: two in
the Alcobertas valley (Sertão and Carapua) and two in the
Sor valley (Vale do Bispo Cimeiro and Corças). Intrasite,
3-D analysis of piece-plotted levels will determine the impact of
postdepositional processes and the degree to which the site assemblages
are comparable. This sampling strategy will provide at least one
Early and one Late Magdalenian assemblage in each region, facilitating
local and regional comparison.
While faunal remains, pollen, and other organic material are unlikely
to have been preserved at these open-air sites, residue and use/wear
studies will inform interpretation. New data will help to explain
raw material constraints in Portuguese Magdalenian lithic technology
or acquisition and reduction behaviors that were social rather than
functional. Results will have broad significance for both middle-range
theory in lithic studies and understanding how hunter-gatherer technological
organization and lithic exploitation relate to subsistence and settlement
strategies. Stephen Whittington, Museum of Anthropology
- Samurai and Kimonos: Japanese Culture
Awarded $2,350 for the period 6/1/10 to 7/31/10
Source: Center for Global Partnership/Japan Foundation
The Museum of Anthropology offers 3 one-week sessions of a summer camp for 15 children ranging in age from 6 to 12. On Monday, children will be introduced to Japanese culture. During the week, they will learn some basic words and phrases. They will paint their own kimonos and learn how to wear them. We will discuss the history and role of the samurai and demonstrate kendo, Japanese fencing. The children will hear traditional Japanese music and learn a folk dance. They will have the opportunity to make a kite, a fish print, and several origami objects. On the last day, they will make sushi and prepare a bento box to take home. Dressed in their kimonos, they will greet their families in Japanese and perform the traditional dance.
- Painted Hide Conservation
Awarded $1,645 for the period 6/1/09 to 10/30/09
Source: North Carolina Preservation Consortium
The project will conserve an important and endangered Comanche painted hide robe in the Museum of Anthropology collection. Once the object has been treated by a professional conservator, it will be used in exhibits and programs to teach the public about southern Great Plains culture during the midnineteenth century and featured in the online artifact database to highlight the importance of preserving historic objects for future generations.
- Korea and America: Intersections of Culture Film Series
Awarded $1,200 for the period 12/1/08 to 11/30/10
Source: North Carolina Humanities Council
The Museum of Anthropology will partner with the Korean School of Greensboro, Reynolda House Museum of American Art, and the Wake Forest University Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures to offer an exhibit of Korean artifacts and special events. "Korean Funerary Figures: Companions for the Journey to the Other World" will be open to the public from January 20 through May 16, 2009. Activities will include an opening reception, curriculum-based programs for K-12 students, a series of four films relevant to the Korean experience, two scholarly lectures on funerary figures, four Cultures up Close programs, and a Korean Family Day, featuring traditional crafts, performances, and storytelling.
- Development of the Korean-American Audience for the Museum of Anthropology
Awarded $6,000 for the period 7/1/08 to 5/31/09
Source: North Carolina Arts Council
The Museum of Anthropology will host the exhibit, “Korean Funerary Figures: Comparisons for the Journey to the Other World,” in spring 2009. Public programming at the museum and the Reynolda House will include a film series, scholarly lectures, Family Sundays, and Family Day to encourage various ethic groups to mingle and to appreciate each other’s cultures.
- Web Access for the Museum of Anthropology’s Archives
Awarded $50,561.17 for the period 8/1/08 to 7/31/10
Source: Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)
The Museum of Anthropology will prepare its archives for public access on the web. Employees will digitize documents and photographs and assist the registrar in creating a catalog record for each. The archival records will elucidate the cultural and environmental context of the collections and help with interpretation of unfamiliar archeological and ethnographic objects. Project activities will include a marketing campaign and workshops to make primary and secondary school teachers and students, university faculty and students, independent researchers, and the general public more aware of resources and better oriented for their use.
- Rosebud Sioux Exhibit and Humanities Programs
Awarded $8,789 for the period 6/1/07 to 9/30/07
Source: North Carolina Humanities Council
The Museum of Anthropology and the Guilford Native American Art Gallery presented an exhibit of Lakota Sioux photographs and artifacts, “Rosebud Sioux – A Lakota People in Transition,” from 17 June through 18 August 2007. Ancillary activities included scholarly lectures, a Native American Festival, Native American Family Day, films focused on Native American cultural survival and revitalization, and Literacy through Photography workshops for underserved children. The free exhibit and programs provided people interested in Native American culture, photography, oral history, and genealogy with information about how Native American groups maintain cultural continuity with the past, while moving into the twenty-first century.
- Web Access to the Museum of Anthropology’s Collection
Catalogue
Awarded $149,000 for the period 8/1/06 to 7/31/08
Source: Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)
The Wake Forest University Museum of Anthropology has secured
support for a registrar for 2 years, 5 student assistants for
18 months, and the museum’s educator to complete a web-based,
public-access version of its catalogue for use by universities,
scholars, school children, and the general public. The registrar
will perform data cleanup and enter research data for the museum’s
ethnographic collections. Students will assist with inventory,
basic condition assessment, and digital photography of all objects
not photographed before 2002. The project will provide physical
and intellectual control of the collections, laying the groundwork
for formulation of an intellectual framework statement, collections
plan, and disaster plan. The website will greatly expand the museum’s
educational and collections care missions, enabling it to become
a global cultures center for Wake Forest University and the regional
community. Through the web-based catalogue, the museum will expand
outreach to underserved secondary schools through 4 teacher workshops
on web catalogue navigation for student research and creating
2 lesson plans for web learning.
- Reanalysis of Ceramics and Obsidian from Teozacoalco,
Mexico
Awarded $2,120 for the period 5/06 to 5/07
Source: WFU Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research
Fund
Funds support a research trip to Oaxaca to consult with experts
on ancient Mixtec ceramics and to reanalyze selected obsidian samples.
- Development of a Long-Range Conservation Plan for Museum of Anthropology
Collections
Awarded $5,000 for the period 1/1/06 to 6/30/06
Source: National Endowment for the Humanities
(NEH)
The Museum of Anthropology will hire a conservator to work with
staff in producing a long-range plan for its 27,433 archeological
and ethnographic objects. The conservator will visit to assess policies,
practices, and conditions that affect the care and preservation of
the collections and prepare a report that summarizes findings and
prioritizes recommendations for future actions. The document will
be a key element in developing a plan to focus collecting and to
control future growth and deaccessioning. It will also guide a disaster
plan and the design of a storage facility to hold the collections,
which are currently in crowded, unstable conditions.
- Anthropology/Hispanic Arts Initiative Arts Classes
Awarded $3,000 for the period 7/15/05 to 6/30/06
Source: Arts Council of Winston-Salem
The Museum of Anthropology (MOA) and the Hispanic Arts Initiative
(HAI) are collaborating to present Hispanic arts classes on Saturdays
and weeknights. Classes in puppetry, dance, piano, and chorus
will be offered in Spanish to children from 6-18 years of age
at Centenary United Methodist Church. The first three classes
expand existing programs to include more low-income children;
chorus is a new offering. Although the target audience is Hispanic,
other children who wish to take advantage of the language and
cultural immersion as well as the artistic opportunities are
welcome. Teachers will provide some translation as necessary.
This project represents the first collaboration between MOA and
HAI and an expansion of the outreach activities of each to an
underserved community.
- Travel Grant
Awarded $7,485.97 for the period 5/16/05 to 6/30/06
Source: Museum Loan Network
Two staff members from the Museum of Anthropology and two community
advisors will visit the Quick Center for the Arts at St. Bonaventure
University; the Field Museum; and the University of Pennsylvania
Museum to negotiate long-term loans of ancient Maya artifacts.
The resulting exhibit will strengthen relationships among the
Museum of Anthropology, local schools, and the area’s Hispanic
community by supporting the North Carolina social studies curriculum
and through English and Spanish text and labels.
- Conservation of Ancient Maya Ceramics to Enable Scholarly
Access and Publication
Awarded $9,030 for the period 5/1/05
to 10/31/05
Source: WFU Social, Behavioral, and Economic Science Research
Fund
St. Bonaventure University has an undocumented collection of
72 ancient Maya objects. Its F. Donald Kenney Museum, in collaboration
with the Wake Forest University Museum of Anthropology, plans
to document, publish, and exhibit the collection to provide scholarly
access. A major project expense will be conserving 36 ceramic
vessels so that images and hieroglyphs on the surfaces can be
studied and published in an exhibition catalog and on scholarly
websites. Conservator Ronald Harvey, who has successful experience
with Maya ceramics, will travel to St. Bonaventure to treat the
objects in May 2005.
- Asian Games: The Art of Contest
Awarded $1,200 for the period 4/5/05 to 9/30/05
Source: North Carolina Humanities Council
The Museum of Anthropology will host an exhibition of games
and sports equipment originating in Asia from 31
May through 16 August 2005. Activities include a Family
Day, a lecture on Japanese baseball by a renowned scholar from
Yale, and tours for chess, sports, church, and YMCA summer camps.
The free exhibit and programs will provide people familiar with
games and sports, such as chess, Parcheesi, and polo, with important
but little-known information about their Asian origins and history,
and especially appeal to members of the underserved Asian community.
- Collections Database Improvement for the Museum of Anthropology
Awarded $54,869 for the period 10/1/04 to 1/31/06
Source: Institute of Museum and Library Science (IMLS), Museums
for America
Wake Forest’s Museum of Anthropology will purchase a data
management program designed specifically for museums and
hire a temporary registrar to facilitate data migration and catalog
cleanup. The present program, ACCESS, is inefficient and
awkward
to use, and collections and collections research have outgrown
it. Improved data management is necessary to complete entry
for approximately 21,000 archeological artifacts and to correct
its
ethnographic collections catalog of some 5,000 objects. The new program, Re:discovery, will enable (1) more efficient
access to collections data and tracking of object locations;
(2) collections growth and expansion, including research
notes; and, ultimately, (3) digital photographs of objects to
accompany
catalog information. Hiring a professional registrar will
facilitate data migration, record entry on archeological materials
from
catalog cards, and catalog clean-up. These improvements will
strengthen the museum’s application for American Association
of Museums accreditation.
- Lectures on West Mexico
Awarded $1,200 for the period 2/15/04 to 6/30/04
Source: North Carolina Humanities Council
The Museum of Anthropology will present
three, free public lectures in conjunction with "Images for
Eternity: West Mexican Tomb Figures," an exhibit of ceramic
figures made by artisans in Jalisco, Nayarit, and Colima two
millennia
ago. The project will help the museum to continue its program
of outreach to, and education about, the Triad's Hispanic community.
- Archeological Survey, Oaxaca, Mexico
Awarded $8,223 for the period 1/1/03 to 1/1/04
Source: WFU Social and Behavioral Science Research Fund
Using El Mapa de Teozacoalco, an early colonial map and
genealogy, as a guide, this archeological survey will continue fieldwork
in a 30 by 70 km mountainous area around San Pedro Teozacoalco,
Oaxaca, Mexico, inhabited by the Mixtec people. The project will
address interrelated issues: association of Mixtec and Spanish place-names
on El Mapa with archeological sites, natural features, and
extant settlements; and testing of postulated continuities and discontinuities
between postclassical and colonial settlements. The project will
collect data demonstration what changes in settlement patterns accompanied
two major cultural transformations in ancient Mexico.
- Ancient Mexican Ceramics Exhibit
Awarded $1,200 for the period 10/7/02 to 2/28/03
Source: North Carolina Humanities Council
The Museum of Anthropology will exhibit decorated ceramic vases
made by Maya artisans of Mexico and Central America more than 1,000
years ago. At least 14 faculty members in seven Wake Forest departments
and programs will use the exhibit, "Worldviews: Maya Ceramics
from the Palmer Collection," to support their teaching. The
exhibit will also be accessible to the public through special events,
including lectures by visiting scholars, programs, including a children's
program and gallery activities, tours, videos, and bilingual text
and labels.
- General Operating Support
Awarded $31,119 for the period 10/1/001 to 9/30/03
Source: Institute of Museum and Library Services
Funds will contribute
significantly toward the realization of the Museum of Anthropology's
mission statement and long-range plan. They will partially support
an Educator, to oversee public programs, and a part-time Collections
Manager, who will insure that professional standards of object care
are maintained.
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